苯并噻吩系列化合物的成因模拟及其地球化学意义   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

夏燕青  孟仟祥  王红勇  杜丽  王春江 《沉积学报》1999,17(1):127-129

在硫和β胡萝卜素反应产物中有丰富的苯并噻吩系列化合物,在硫与饱和链状化合物反应产物中既有噻吩系列化合物也有苯并噻吩系列化合物。所以推断苯并噻吩系列是硫作用于噻吩系列或含侧链的苯而形成的。噻吩系列和苯并噻吩系列的相对含量可以指示成熟度:在沉积条件相同的前提下,前者多后者少指示成熟度低,反之则指示成熟度高。  相似文献   

我国砷中毒病区的环境特征研究   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  

林年丰  汤洁 《地理科学》1999,19(2):135-139

我国饮水型砷中毒的流行屡见报道,台湾嘉南,新疆奎屯,内蒙古河套及山西大同等地是我国几个有代表性的病区。病区多为河湖相和滨海相沉积,粘土,粘土质淤泥和有机淤泥层发育,为富含有要质的还原环境,地下水中的含量一般为０．２－０．６ｍｇ／Ｌ。有时还有氟,腐殖酸,甲基胂酸和某些烷烃类等的有害有机化合物。  相似文献   

Biofouling confounds the uptake of trace organic contaminants by semi-permeable membrane devices (SPMDs)     

Richardson BJ  Lam PK  Zheng GJ  McClellan KE  De Luca-Abbott SB 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(12):1372-1379

The outer layers of layflat, low density polyethylene plastic tubing (the principal component of semi-permeable membrane devices, SPMDs) were biofouled at a clean site in Hong Kong coastal waters for periods of 1–4 weeks. Following pre-fouling, triolein was added to the SPMDs and, along with control (unfouled) devices, they were exposed to a range of organochlorine pesticides (-HCH, aldrin, p,p^′-DDT) and PAHs (anthracene, fluoranthene and benzo(a)pyrene) under laboratory conditions. Results showed that the uptake of contaminants by SPMDs was severely reduced by as much as 50% under fouling conditions in comparison to unfouled controls. The ultimate utility of SPMDs as passive monitors is thus reduced, although alternative measures, such as the use of permeability reference compounds may compensate, and allow for realistic evaluations of dissolved environmental concentrations in aquatic environments. However, due to the complexities involved in such procedures––especially as they need to be conducted on a case-by-case basis––the utility of SPMDs appears to be limited for estimates of bioavailability unless necessary calibrations are undertaken within each environment that the sampler is used.  相似文献   

Distribution and Geochemical Implication of Aromatic Hydrocarbons across the Meishan Permian-Triassic Boundary   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

黄咸雨 焦丹鲁力强  黄俊华谢树成 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2006,17(1):49-54

INTRODUCTIONThe Permian-Triassic ( Tr/P) boundary , datedto be (251 .4±0 .3) Ma ago ,is marked by the mostdrastic mass extinction of organisms in the Phanero-zoic .In order to explore the pattern and the cause ofthe mass extinction,extensive research has been fo-cused on biostratigraphy , isotopic chronostratigra-phy , event stratigraphy , ecostratigraphy and se-quence stratigraphy (Payne et al .,2004 ; Reichowetal .,2002 ; Yin et al .,2001 ;Jin et al .,2000 ;Zhanget al .,1996 ,1995 ;…  相似文献   

The Atmospheric Oxidation of the HS Radical: Reaction with NO2     

Stella M. Resende 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2007,56(1):21-32

The atmospheric reaction between HS and NO₂ was theoretically investigated at 298 K and 1 atm of pressure. Our results show that the first reaction step will lead to the formation of HSNO₂ or HSONO, spontaneously and exothermically. HSONO easily decomposes into HSO + NO. On the other hand, HSNO₂ can hardly dissociate in the reactants, and its isomerization to other adducts is much hindered. Production of HNO + SO and SNO + OH was found to be unfavorable. Thus, the main products would be HSO + NO and HSNO₂, and new investigations focusing on the atmospheric fate of HSNO₂ are suggested. A general discussion of the fate of HS under atmospheric conditions is presented. Recent investigations indicate that NO₂, O₂ and N₂O should be the most important oxidants of HS, while the O₃ influence will not be significant.  相似文献   

傅立叶变换红外光谱联用技术在化石燃料分析中的应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

高志农  牛菲 《岩矿测试》1998,17(1):58-63

对傅立叶变换红外光谱联用技术在化石燃料分析中的应用进行了较全面的总结评述,重点介绍了气相色谱／红外光谱联机、高压液相色谱／红外光谱联机、薄层色谱／红外光谱联机、超临界流体色谱／红外光谱联机、裂解色谱／红外光谱联机、热重分析／红外光谱联机、气相色谱／红外光谱／质谱三机联用技术等在化石燃料的结构组分分析、成因机理研究及其勘探等诸方面的重要应用,尤其是在芳香族化合物和几何异构体的分离鉴定方面发挥出的突出功效。引用文献５９篇。  相似文献   

Analytical perspective on trace element species of interest in exploration   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gwendy E. M. Hall 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1998,61(1-3)

Analysis of soil and sediment samples, using selective extraction methods to distinguish different phases, is of particular interest in exploration geochemistry to locate deeply buried mineral deposits. There are various mechanisms of binding labile elements in the secondary environment, including physical and chemical sorption, precipitation, chelation and complexation. Phases present in soils and sediments which are likely to scavenge ‘free' elements include amorphous Mn and Fe oxides, the humic and fulvic components of humus, and clays. This paper reviews these forms of trace elements and the methods in current use to quantify them. Examples of precision data, both for control and survey samples, are given with respect to trace elements dissolved from the ‘soluble organic' component of humus, Mn oxides and amorphous Fe oxides. The high sensitivity of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) is required to measure accurately and precisely a large suite of trace elements, especially where only small fractions of elements are dissolved by such leaches as the commercially available Enzyme and MMI (Mobile Metal Ion) extractions. The relative standard deviations (RSD) obtained for 33 elements (e.g. Ag, Cd, In, I) in the standard reference sample (SRM), TILL-2, are in the range 0.5–8% for the hydroxylamine hydrochloride (NH₂OH·HCl) leach designed to extract hydrous Fe and Mn oxides. The corresponding RSDs for elements in the reactive Mn oxide phase extracted by the Enzyme leach are in the range 3–19% except for some trace elements at levels close to detection limit (e.g. Cd, Bi). The RSDs obtained for field duplicates are inferior to those for analytical replicates (i.e. sample splits), probably a reflection of different concentrations of the host phase. In one soil survey, the Fe extracted by a 0.25 M NH₂OH·HCl leach ranged conservatively from 0.2 to 1.7% whereas the Mn extracted by the Enzyme leach varied extensively, from 0.3 to >999 ppm. In contrast, precision, at 1–7% RSD, for field duplicates was found to be comparable with that for both analytical duplicates and the SRM, LKSD-4, for elements associated with the humic and fulvic component of humus samples sieved to <177 μm.  相似文献   

对流层平流层气溶胶粒子的形态和化学组成   总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12  

许黎  樊小标  石广玉  岩坂泰信  奥原靖彦  原圭一郎  龚知本  周军 《气象学报》1998,56(5):551-559

分析研究了１９９３年和１９９４年的８月、９月在香河地区上空采集的单个气溶胶粒子的形态及化学元素和化合物的组成。结果表明：１９９３年,在对流层大气中的气溶胶颗粒经常出现不规则形的粒子,可能是土壤粒子;而在平流层大气中的颗粒以具有“卫星”结构的硫酸粒子为主;硫酸铵粒子则经常出现在对流层的中、下部。香河地区上空颗粒物的化学元素组成比较复杂,单一化学元素组成的粒子较少,粒子主要含有Ｓｉ,Ｆｅ,Ａｌ和Ｓ等元素。气溶胶的化合物有硫酸盐、硅酸盐、硝酸盐和磷酸盐等  相似文献   

基于傅里叶变换质谱的烃源岩成熟度评价方法及地质意义     

韩双彪  谢林丰  唐致远  李剑  王成善  Brian HORSFIELD 《地质学报》2023,97(5):1717-1721

<正>伴随非常规油气资源的勘探开发,油气资源开采的广度和深度进一步扩大,一定程度上缓解了我国油气供需矛盾、保障了我国能源安全,同时有力推动了能源结构战略转型。但同时也对能源地质研究工作提出了新的挑战。有机质成熟度是油气评价的重要参数之一,不同成熟阶段的有机质会对应产出不同成因、不同性质、不同质量的油气,如何准确评价沉积有机质成熟度是当前油气资源勘探开发工作的关键问题之一。前人在科研实践工作中从光学、化学、谱学等角度提出了适用条件各异的成熟度评价方法,在部分地质环境中获得了良好的应用效果,但已有的成熟度指标多受测定方法原理的制约导致其适用性不同程度受限(肖贤明等,2020),制约了油气资源的高质量勘探开发。  相似文献   

气相色谱-质谱法同时测定河流沉积物中多环芳烃和有机氯农药   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

汪瑾彦  汤桦  陈大舟  吴雪  冯洁  吴学丽  李蕾 《岩矿测试》2010,29(3):225-230

建立了用加速溶剂萃取,气相色谱-质谱法同时测定河流沉积物中16种多环芳烃和19种有机氯农药的分析方法,优化了萃取溶剂、萃取温度和时间、凝胶渗透色谱收集时间、固相萃取洗脱溶剂和洗脱体积等条件。16种多环芳烃的方法检出限在0.15~0.59 ng/g,加标回收率为82%~102%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为1.1%~4.5%。19种有机氯农药的方法检出限在0.14~2.23 ng/g,加标回收率为71%~108%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为1.0%~4.5%。实际样品的测定结果表明,该方法分离效果较好,能够满足沉积物样品中多环芳烃和有机氯农药的分析要求。  相似文献