岩石碎裂作用的分形尺度(英文)   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Nagah.  H 《地学前缘》2000,7(1):169-177

各种各样的统计幂定律关系经常成功地被用来描述碎屑大小分布和断口形状 (不平整度 )的分级规律 ,表明碎裂作用是一种尺度不变的作用过程。一条新的有关岩石碎裂作用破裂能量的尺度律 ,可以由分形几何以及Griffith能量平衡的概念推导出来 ,而且它与先前三条关于大小缩减或Hall Petch关系的理论是相一致的。从材料强度的观点来看 ,断口形状的分形维数是形状因子和岩石Weibull均质系数的函数。在任何一次采集中 ,如果碎屑都是致密压实的 ,那么大小分布和碎屑不平整度的分形维数是相同的。然而有些地壳碎屑在三维体积上已不再是致密压实的 ,破裂的地壳可被当作分形的多孔物质来处理。在此情况下 ,地壳碎屑形状的分形容量与地壳断口大小分布的分形维数相关 ,可以预期 ,在大地构造及地震强度的分形分析中 ,地壳断口大小分布的分形维数可作为断裂制约条件之一。  相似文献   

微地震方法的裂缝监测与储层评价          下载免费PDF全文

李政  常旭  姚振兴  王一博 《地球物理学报》2019,62(2):707-719

在油田水力压裂微地震事件定位结果的基础上,结合有效微地震事件的时空分布、震级大小、地震矩、震源半径、应力降和b值等地震学参数进行综合研究,并结合研究区域的地质背景和测井资料对水力压裂诱发的裂缝网络进行几何形态分析和应力解释.本文提出的微地震综合分析解释方法可对压裂后储层物性进行综合评价,有利于对储层改造效果进行预测,对油田的水力压裂施工具有指导意义.  相似文献   

日本九州俯冲带b值成像及其构造意义 *     

李云杰  周鹏翔  夏少红  万奎元  孙金龙 《热带海洋学报》2021,40(1):122-132

日本九州俯冲带是菲律宾海板块与欧亚板块汇聚边界上一个独具特色的区域, 也是研究俯冲带内板块构造作用的理想场所。为了解该俯冲带内的板间应力状态和相互作用, 本研究利用震源深度大于20km的97251个地震事件, 通过b值计算详细刻画了该俯冲板片上表面以及垂直海沟走向的剖面特征。结果发现, b值表现出明显的空间变化, 整体上沿南海海槽和琉球海沟从东北往西南方向逐渐增大, 同时在俯冲的九州-帕劳海脊上存在显著的低值区。从b值与应力的负相关性推断, 进入俯冲带的海脊以及海脊东北侧的四国海盆洋壳与俯冲带上覆板片耦合作用较强; 而在海脊西南侧, 俯冲带内汇聚板片的耦合作用相对较弱。究其原因, 本文认为九州-帕劳海脊两侧俯冲洋壳在形成时代和汇聚速率上的差异起着重要作用。对于九州-帕劳海脊来说, 俯冲带浅部的低b值区主要是由于隆起的海脊增强了与上覆板块的耦合作用。随着俯冲深度的增加和俯冲板片倾角的急剧变陡, 沿海脊可能发生了板片撕裂, 从而释放了海脊与上覆板片间的挤压-剪切应力, 使耦合程度大大减弱。  相似文献   

Changes in the Frequency-Energy Distribution of Seismic Events During Mining in the Ostrava-Karviná Coal Field     

Karel Holub 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1999,43(2):147-162

The relation between the number of seismic events N and their magnitude and/or energetic magnitude is one of the basic relations in the statistics of earthquakes and mining-induced events. A detailed analysis of the b-values in the relation log N =a–b logE for the induced seismic events occurring in the Ostrava-Karviná Coal Basin is given in this paper. The least-squares method, as well as the maximum likelihood method were applied in solving this problem mathematically. Based on the results of frequency-energy distribution analysis, it was proved that the variations of b-values in space and time do exist, and that these values are inversely proportional to the level of induced seismicity influenced by the various mining activities being carried out in-situ. This statement could, in general, be supported by the fact that lower b-values correspond to higher seismic activity, while higher b-values correspond to low and moderate seismic activity.  相似文献   

Acoustic emission processes occurring during high-pressure sand compaction     

Andrea Muñoz-Ibáñez  Jordi Delgado-Martín  Elisa Grande-García 《Geophysical Prospecting》2019,67(4):761-783

Granular materials submitted to uniaxial compression undergo pore space reduction due to mechanisms such as particle rearrangement and grain crushing. These changes in the internal structure of the material release energy in the form of elastic waves that can be detected by sensors sensitive to acoustic emission. In this study, Acoustic emission monitoring with a wavelet-based signal processing technique is used to identify the various mechanisms occurring during high-pressure sand compaction. Particle movement, grain failure, friction between grains and the surface of the compression cell and intergranular friction are studied. Acoustic emission data recorded during these simplified tests are used to characterize each phenomenon. Wavelet transform analyses allow the identification of useful features, making possible frequency discrimination among sliding, rolling, friction and grain fragmentation processes. For instance, we observe that at low stress, grain flow is characterized by the lowest centroid and peak frequencies, while at greater stresses, intergranular friction and grain fragmentation have the higher values. In the tests performed, the stress–strain evolution and final condition of the tested sand are broadly consistent, irrespective of the condition employed: continuous, stepwise or even variable loading rate or temperature. However, Acoustic emission data manifest much more complex behaviour (including thermal, load-rate dependency and delayed fragmentation phenomena) than that suggested by stress–strain relationships. At low stress levels, grain flow (sliding/rolling) is a relevant strain-accommodation mechanism, but so is crushing due to the effect of concentrated forces at the grain contact level. At high stresses, when crushing is generalized, intergranular friction is also a relevant phenomenon due to the increase in the coordination number produced by previous fragmentation.  相似文献   

2019年6月17日四川长宁6.0级地震序列活动特征     

赵策  左可桢  赵翠萍 《地震》2020,40(3):28-40

2019年6月17日, 四川长宁发生6.0级地震。在地震发生后四个月内, 震源区地震活动呈现出频度高、 强度大、 衰减慢的特点。在此次震群的发展演化过程中, 跟踪研究其余震序列活动特征, 包括描述序列发展过程中大小地震比例关系及应力变化的 b值, 对于监视和分析地震危险性具有重要意义。本文在对地震序列进行精确重定位的基础上, 利用长宁地震前后研究区的地震目录, 计算了当地b值时空分布。b值空间分布表明, 在长宁M6.0地震前震源附近b值明显低于周围; 长宁M6.0地震后, 序列b值从东南向西北开始回升, 之后分布较为平均。b值时间过程表明, 在地震后, b值在短时间内降低到极低的水平, 然后开始回升; 这期间b值出现多次震荡, 强余震多发生在b值下降过程中。截至8月31日, 震源区的地震活动仍然非常活跃。  相似文献   

Study on mine earthquake activity rules for Laohutai coal mine in Fushun of Liaoning     

HAN Xiaomin  CHEN Li  SUN Wenda . College of Construction Engineering  Jilin University  Changchun  China  . A. Alfred Taubman College of Architecture  Urban Planning  University of Michigan  Ann Arbor  USA 《东北亚地学研究》2011,(2)

According to earthquake data of Fushun earthquake administration,the seismic analysis and statistical methods are utilized in order to analyze earthquake frequency,b-value timing and energy creep trends in Laohutai coal mine. By using least squares linear regression method,the relational expression between frequency and magnitude of mine earthquake in Laohutai coal mine is given. And the possible largest magnitude mine earthquake inferred has also been calculated. And this paper also provides a theoretical ...  相似文献   

滇东北至滇西南4级地震条带及强震危险性分析     

刘自凤  彭关灵  王光明 《地震地磁观测与研究》2021,42(2):199-201

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祁连山地震带西段2019年以来小震空区现象分析     

张增换 《地震地磁观测与研究》2021,42(2):151-152

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怀来盆地的构造应力场   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11  

许向彤  陈运泰  王培德 《地震地磁观测与研究》1997,18(1):1-8

１９９５年７月２０日在北京西北的怀来盆地发生了一次ＭＬ＝４．１地震。在此主震之后该地区小震活动变得十分活跃。在１９９５年７月１日至１９９６年６月３０日期间，中－欧合作怀来数字地震台网记录并精确定位了这个地震序列的４５０多个地震。余震的震源分布表明，余震主要分布在两个共轭的断层上。在盆地南部边缘的余震震源位于走向５０°、倾向南东，倾角８０°的断层上，而盆地北部边缘的余震震源则位于走向１５０°、几乎竖直的断层上。用Ｐ波初动符合资料得到了主震的震源机制解。根据余震震源的分布，确定走向３７°、倾角４０°、滑动角－１５４°的节面为主震的断层面，另一节面走向２８７°、倾角７４°、滑动角－５３°。利用怀来数字地震台网的记录资料，分析了怀来地区近期地震活动性和构造应力场。结果表明，怀来盆地的主压应力轴的方位角为２３６°，倾角４８°，与主压应力轴近水平、北东东向的华北地区的构造应力场一致，表明了ＭＬ（＝４．１地震序列是在怀来盆地北东东向挤压、北北西向拉张的构造应力作用下发生的。处于上述两条共轭断层文汇处的怀来县城附近地区近期小震活动较少，表现出断层闭锁区的特征。怀来盆地潜在的地震危险性应予以特别关注，但其近期的微震活动并未显  相似文献