浑太流域降水极值的统计分布特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

胡乃发  金昌杰  关德新  王安志  吴家兵  袁凤辉 《高原气象》2012,31(4):1166-1172

基于浑太流域1966-2006年73个雨量站的日降水资料,建立了逐站年最大日降水量(AnnualMaximum,AM)序列和汛期4-9月日降水量<1.27mm.d-1的最长持续干旱天数(Munger Index,MI)序列,并对其时空分布规律进行了分析。采用广义极值(General Extreme Value,GEV)分布、广义帕雷托(General Pareto,GP)分布、韦布尔(Weibull,WB)分布、约翰逊SB(Jonhson SB,J-SB)分布、Burr分布和对数逻辑(Log-Logistic,L-LG)分布等6种极值分布函数对AM和MI序列进行了逐站分布拟合,结果表明,广泛应用的GEV分布整体拟合程度最好,有50个测站的KS检验统计量Dn<0.09,而未曾推广使用的Burr分布的拟合效果也非常好,有36个测站Dn<0.09。用GEV分布对50年一遇的AM和MI进行了估算,发现流域中心地区极端强降水和极端干旱的程度较高,分别为>208mm.d-1和>47d。  相似文献   

Stratigraphy, depositional environments and level reconstruction of the last interglacial Lake Samra in the Dead Sea basin   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

N. Waldmann  M. Stein  A. Starinsky 《Quaternary Research》2009,72(1):1-185

In this paper we describe the stratigraphy and sediments deposited in Lake Samra that occupied the Dead Sea basin between ∼ 135 and 75 ka. This information is combined with U/Th dating of primary aragonites in order to estimate a relative lake-level curve that serves as a regional paleohydrological monitor. The lake stood at an elevation of ∼ 340 m below mean sea level (MSL) during most of the last interglacial. This level is relatively higher than the average Holocene Dead Sea (∼ 400 ± 30 m below MSL). At ∼ 120 and ∼ 85 ka, Lake Samra rose to ∼ 320 m below MSL while it dropped to levels lower than ∼ 380 m below MSL at ∼ 135 and ∼ 75 ka, reflecting arid conditions in the drainage area. Lowstands are correlated with warm intervals in the Northern Hemisphere, while minor lake rises are probably related to cold episodes during MIS 5b and MIS 5d. Similar climate relationships are documented for the last glacial highstand Lake Lisan and the lowstand Holocene Dead Sea. Yet, the dominance of detrital calcites and precipitation of travertines in the Dead Sea basin during the last interglacial interval suggest intense pluvial conditions and possible contribution of southern sources of wetness to the region.  相似文献   

浙东南石平川花岗岩体LA ICP MS锆石U Pb年代学及构造意义   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

李艳军  魏俊浩  姚春亮  鄢云飞  谭俊  付乐兵  潘锦勃  李伟 《地质论评》2009,55(5):673-684

石平川钾长花岗岩体位于浙江沿海火山岩带的中南部,LA-ICPMS锆石UPb定年结果为102.5±1.2 Ma（MSDW=2.1）,形成于早白垩世末期。岩相学及化学成分显示其属高钾钙碱性岩系,具有高硅富钾和铝低铁、镁、磷和钛特征,SiO2含量为74.79%～77.79%,K2O为4.26%～7.97%,铝指数A/CNK=0.98～1.10,属准铝质—弱过铝质岩石。富集Rb、Th、U和K,亏损Sr、Ba、Nb、P和Ti,REE具有中等负Eu异常（Eu/Eu*=0.33～0.50）,总体呈现LREE富集的右倾“V”型配分模式。岩石\[n（87Sr）/n（86Sr）\]i值为0.70801～0.71012（t=102.5Ma）,εNd（t）值为-8.63～-8.76,显示壳—幔混合成因特征。矿物组成及地球化学特征显示石平川岩体为高演化I型花岗岩。微量元素显示石平川岩体具有后碰撞花岗岩的特征,侵位于早白垩世末期的张性构造环境,其形成可能与印度板块北向漂移所导致的古太平洋板块碰撞弧后引张构造有关。  相似文献   

Mapping mineralogy in evaporite basins through time using multispectral Landsat data: Examples from the Bonneville basin,Utah, USA     

Mark H. Radwin  Brenda B. Bowen 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2021,46(6):1160-1176

The Bonneville basin, located in north-western Utah, is a vast evaporite basin which is home to the world-renowned Bonneville Salt Flats international speedway and is a highly valued landscape undergoing rapid change and anthropogenic influence. Air quality, snowpack, the local hydrological system, and state tourism are all impacted by the nature of the surface sediments exposed in the Bonneville basin. Mapping the Bonneville basin over time with remote sensing methods provides insight into the dynamics and impacts of the changing surface landscape. Utilizing the Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) sensors, a set of band math indices are empirically established to map the predominant halite, gypsum, and carbonates mineralogical zones of the Bonneville basin. Spectral comparisons of representative samples from the study area and image-derived spectra indicate the halite of the Bonneville basin is wet and that gypsum deposits are slightly mixed with halite. The established indices are assessed in four ways, all of which support the ability of the indices to accentuate the associated mineralogical endmembers. Two study areas within the Bonneville basin are investigated temporally from 1986, 1995, 2005, and 2016 and show changing patterns in mineral distribution that align with surface processes active through these timescales. These indices provide a resource for mapping mineralogy though time in evaporite basins globally with diverse applications for questions about land use and environmental change.  相似文献   

Characteristics,differences and main controlling factors of source rocks in the central‐southern South China Sea Basins     

MI Kuifeng  Lü Zhicheng  YAN Tingjie 《《地质学报》英文版》2019,93(Z2):113-114

The South China Sea is rich in oil and gas resources. With the increasing exploration of oil and gas resources in the northern South China Sea and the increasing demand for energy in the world, The central‐southern South China Sea have become important constituencies for oil and gas resources. The central‐southern basins of South China Sea can be divided into three types of basin groups, namely, the southern basin group (Zengmu Basin, Brunei‐Sabah Basin), the western basin group (Wan'an Basin, Zhong jiannan Basin) and the Central Basin Group (Liyue Basin, Beikang Basin, Nanweixi Basin and Palawan Basin). At present, the degree of exploration is relatively low, and the source rock has not yet formed a understanding of the system. The main source rock development time, source rock characteristics, hydrocarbon generation potential and control factors of each basin group are still unclear, which seriously restricts the exploration of oil and gas. Based on the sedimentary facies distribution and sedimentary filling evolution, combined with the geoche mical characteristics of the source rocks, the source age, organic matter type, hydrocarbon generation potential and main controlling factors of the basins in the central‐southern basins are discussed. By the detailed research on delta scale, provenance system, paleoclimate conditions, ancient vegetation development and hydroca rbon generation parent material, the main controlling factors of hydrocarbon generation potential of source rocks in each basin group are revealed.  相似文献   

基于离散元方法对走滑拉分盆地演化及次级断裂扩展过程研究     

刘源  KONIETZKY Heinz 《地质力学学报》2019,25(5):840-852

拉分盆地是一种与走滑断裂带密切相关的特殊拉张构造,因其重要的构造意义,及其与火山活动、中小地震群集、特殊的成矿作用间的伴生关系而受到研究者的高度重视。关于拉分盆地的形成演化过程,已有较多的研究成果,但是由于研究手段的限制,缺少对盆地演化中次级断裂扩展过程的研究。基于离散元的数值计算方法是研究断裂扩展方式的理想方法。本文采用基于离散元的颗粒流方法,揭示纯走滑拉分盆地发育过程中的断裂扩展和连接过程,为拉分盆地演化机理和断裂扩展提供新的研究方法。同时,根据主走滑断层与块体运动方向的夹角不同,建立不同的张扭性拉分盆地模型,系统研究张扭性盆地的断裂扩展和演化机理。将上述理论研究结果与死海盆地等经典拉分盆地实例相结合,探讨了死海盆地、土耳其Cinarcik盆地、哥伦比亚El Paraiso盆地等的形成演化机理和断裂扩展方式。   相似文献   

内蒙古格勒敖包奥陶纪岩体锆石U-Pb年龄及地球化学特征     

曹磊  苏茂荣  周飞  李磊  杨宝宏 《地质通报》2019,38(4):632-642

内蒙古格勒敖包位于兴蒙造山带内,对该区奥陶纪岩浆岩的研究,有助于进一步认识该造山带早古生代的构造格局及其演化。正长花岗岩和斑状二长花岗岩样品LA-ICP-MS锆石年龄为441.6±3.7～454.9±4.6Ma,形成时代为奥陶纪。经地球化学分析,岩体为高钾钙碱性系列;铝饱和指数显示其为过铝质花岗岩。岩石富集大离子亲石元素(LILEs)Rb、Th、U、K,亏损Ba、Sr;富集高场强元素(HFSEs)La、Ce、Nd、Zr,亏损Nb、P、Ti;稀土元素总量为38.7×10~(-6)～120.23×10~(-6),轻稀土元素较重稀土元素分异明显,分馏程度较高,表现出较弱的负Eu异常。综合区域地质资料,认为格勒敖包奥陶纪岩浆源区为上地壳物质的部分熔融,其形成环境为弧后盆地,在古亚洲洋向北俯冲之后经历了岛弧岩浆作用旋回,为弧后伸张阶段的产物。  相似文献   

Regional gravity survey and application in oil and gas exploration in China     

《China Geology》2019,2(3):382-390

Ground gravity survey for regional structure unit delineation and oil and gas exploration in China is addressed in this paper with examples. Gravity survey scales, coverage, technical regulations and achievements at the national level are introduced, including data processing and anomaly interpretation techniques. Bouguer anomalies of terrestrial territories of China and classification of anomalous feature zones are also described; they are well correlated with lithotectonical boundaries, fault zones, and unexposed igneous plutons. Recent study results of petroliferous sedimentary basins are presented as well, including concealed boundaries and major structures of large basins. It is concluded that gravity survey is the most effective and economic method in unveiling unexposed and deep-seated structures, targeting and delineating oil and gas-bearing sedimentary basins, and locating main trap structures within prolific basins in early stage of exploration in China. Suggestions for improving exploration of both conventional and unconventional oil and gas reservoirs in China are also given in the paper.  相似文献   

Characterization of suspended sediment in Meltwater from Glaciers of Garhwal Himalaya          下载免费PDF全文

Deepak Srivastava  Amit Kumar  Akshaya Verma  Siddharth Swaroop 《水文研究》2014,28(3):969-979

Glacierised basins are significant sources of sediments generated by glacial retreat. Estimation of suspended sediment transfer from glacierised basins is very important in reservoir planning for hydropower projects in Himalaya. The present study indicates that storage and release of sediment in proglacial streams may categorise the pattern of suspended sediment transfer from these basins. Assessment of suspended sediment concentration (SSC), suspended sediment load (SSL) and yield has been undertaken for Dunagiri Glacier basin located in Garhwal Himalaya (30^o33'20”N, 79^o53'36”E), and its results are compared with the Gangotri and Dokriani glaciers sharing close proximity. Out of the total drainage basin area, about 14.3 % of the area is glacierised. Data were collected for five ablation seasons (1984–1989, barring 1986). The mean daily SSCs for July, August and September were 333.9, 286.0 and 147.15 mg/l, respectively, indicating highest concentration of mean daily suspended sediment in July followed by August. SSL trends were estimated to be 93.0, 57.0 and 21.3 tonnes. About 59% of the total SSL of the melt period was transported during the months of August and September. Sediment yield for the study basin was computed to be 296.3 t km^?2 yr ^?1. It is observed that the cumulative proportion of SSC precedes the discharge throughout the melt season except in the year 1987. Release of SSL in terms of total load is less in the early part of melt season than in the later stage as compared to that of discharge. Diurnal variations in SSC reach their maximum at 2400 h, and therefore, SSC was found to be high during night (2000–0400 h). There was a good relationship between SSC and SSL with discharge for the ablation seasons (1988 and 1989). Mean monthly SSC and mean monthly SSL provide a good exponentional relationship with mean monthly temperature. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Dynamic,discontinuous stream networks: hydrologically driven variations in active drainage density,flowing channels and stream order          下载免费PDF全文

S. E. Godsey  J. W. Kirchner 《水文研究》2014,28(23):5791-5803

Despite decades of research on the ecological consequences of stream network expansion, contraction and fragmentation, surprisingly little is known about the hydrological mechanisms that shape these processes. Here, we present field surveys of the active drainage networks of four California headwater streams (4–27 km²) spanning diverse topographic, geologic and climatic settings. We show that these stream networks dynamically expand, contract, disconnect and reconnect across all the sites we studied. Stream networks at all four sites contract and disconnect during seasonal flow recessions, with their total active network length, and thus their active drainage densities, decreasing by factors of two to three across the range of flows captured in our field surveys. The total flowing lengths of the active stream networks are approximate power‐law functions of unit discharge, with scaling exponents averaging 0.27 ± 0.04 (range: 0.18–0.40). The number of points where surface flow originates obey similar power‐law relationships, as do the lengths and origination points of flowing networks that are continuously connected to the outlet, with scaling exponents averaging 0.36–0.48. Even stream order shifts seasonally by up to two Strahler orders in our study catchments. Broadly, similar stream length scaling has been observed in catchments spanning widely varying geologic, topographic and climatic settings and spanning more than two orders of magnitude in size, suggesting that network extension/contraction is a general phenomenon that may have a general explanation. Points of emergence or disappearance of surface flow represent the balance between subsurface transmissivity in the hyporheic zone and the delivery of water from upstream. Thus the dynamics of stream network expansion and contraction, and connection and disconnection, may offer important clues to the spatial structure of the hyporheic zone, and to patterns and processes of runoff generation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献