无定河流域不同水土流失区底栖动物生物完整性指数构建与健康评价     

侯湘然  潘保柱  侯易明  胡恩  贺瑶  冯治远 《湖泊科学》2024,36(1):274-285

无定河流域位于黄土高原与毛乌素沙地过渡带,水土流失严重,生态环境具有脆弱性和波动性。于2021年春季(4月)和秋季(10月)对无定河流域上、中、下游及其6条支流和流域内的3个淤地坝开展水生态系统调查,旨在厘清无定河流域底栖动物群落特征,构建底栖动物生物完整性指数并开展健康评价。无定河流域春季共采集到底栖动物105种,平均密度为181 ind./m²,平均生物量为0.760 g/m²,秋季共采集到底栖动物67种,平均密度为94 ind./m²,平均生物量为0.454 g/m²。通过对两季度研究区域内底栖动物27个生物参数开展分布范围检验、判别能力分析和相关性分析,构建无定河流域底栖动物生物完整性指数,对全流域40个样点(6个参照点和34个受损点)进行B-IBI健康评价。评价结果表明,总体上无定河流域底栖动物生物完整性较好,40个样点中春季有19个处于健康或亚健康状态,秋季有23个处于健康或亚健康状态,其中无定河上、中游干支流大都以健康和亚健康为主,无定河下游干支流以及3个淤地坝水体健康状况较差。在不同水土流失类型区域,底栖动物群落特征和生物完整性评价具有显著性差异。本研究结果可为无定河流域河流健康评估提供科学依据。  相似文献   

基于形态学与核糖体DNA及其cDNA高通量测序的海洋沉积物中纤毛虫多样性比较     

黄平平  赵峰  徐奎栋 《海洋与湖沼》2017,48(2):285-296

高通量测序技术广泛应用于环境真核微生物多样性的研究,可检获较之传统形态学方法更高的多样性。然而,检获的高分子多样性与基于形态的物种多样性在构成上的差异仍然不明。本研究首次对比分析了基于形态学的南黄海沉积物中的纤毛虫物种多样性与基于核糖体18S DNA和c DNA高通量测序的多样性异同。结果表明:形态鉴定获得8纲、20目、30科、36属共97种纤毛虫;DNA测序检获10纲、28目、55科、76属共174个OTUs;而通过c DNA测序获取的纤毛虫多样性最高,获10纲、31目、68科、99属共284个OTUs。研究发现,形态学方法检获的纤毛虫均为底栖生纤毛虫;两种分子手段检获的多样性更高,群落结构更为近似,覆盖了形态鉴定所获的绝大部分类群。但DNA测序还检获了序列比例高达90%的浮游类群,可能源于包囊或死亡沉降的物种;而c DNA测序检获了约7%的浮游纤毛虫序列。较之DNA测序,c DNA法检获的底栖纤毛虫在群落结构上与形态学结果更为接近。本研究表明,分子手段有助于更全面地揭示沉积物中的纤毛虫多样性,DNA测序可同时揭示休眠包囊、胞外DNA及过去群落的信息,而c DNA测序在研究活动纤毛虫多样性上更有优势。  相似文献   

Symbiosis between the holothurian Scotoplanes sp. A and the lithodid crab Neolithodes diomedeae on a featureless bathyal sediment plain          下载免费PDF全文

James P. Barry  Josi R. Taylor  Linda A. Kuhnz  Andrew P. De Vogelaere 《Marine Ecology》2017,38(2)

Vulnerability to predation may be high for many megafaunal taxa in deep‐sea sedimentary habitats where physical heterogeneity is low. During ROV observations in a bathyal sediment plain off Central California, juveniles of the lithodid crab Neolithodes diomedeae were frequently observed on or under the holothurian (sea cucumber) Scotoplanes sp. A, and are hypothesized to benefit from this association as a nursery or refugium from predation. Ninety‐six percent (n = 574 of 599) of the juvenile N. diomedeae observed (density varied from 0.02–0.75/m² among sites and seasons) in the study area were associated with Scotoplanes sp. A. Of the 2596 Scotoplanes sp. A observed (density varied from 0.48 to 25.90/m²), 22% were attended by at least one juvenile crab, and rarely two crabs (n = 4). Solitary N. diomedeae were rarely observed. This decapod–holothurian symbiosis appears to be largely commensal, with juvenile crabs (carapace width = 0.03–0.31 ×  holothurian length) observed on or beneath Scotoplanes sp. A in a habitat with few refugia from epibenthic predators. Other hypotheses may explain or enhance the potential benefits of the association for N. diomedeae, such as elevated food availability due to the activities of Scotoplanes sp. A. The relationship may be mutualistic if there is a benefit for the holothurian, including the removal of epizoic parasites. Ultimately, the nursery or other effects on the population dynamics of N. diomedeae may be minimal in low‐relief, sediment‐dominated habitats, as very few sub‐adult crabs were observed in the study area and were likely consumed upon outgrowing their refugia. While sedimentary habitats may be a sink for N. diomedeae populations, growth of juvenile crabs during their association with Scotoplanes sp. A should increase energy flow to its predator populations. This association has not been reported previously but may be expected in sediment‐dominated habitats where these species overlap.  相似文献   

浙江6个列岛大型底栖藻类分类多样性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

求锦津  水柏年  水玉跃  张春草  董静瑞  李超男  孙鹏  张苗苗  田阔 《海洋与湖沼》2017,48(5):1004-1013

本文基于对七星列岛大型底栖藻类的实地调查,结合浙南3个列岛(七星列岛、南麂列岛和洞头列岛)和浙北3个列岛(渔山列岛、中街山列岛和马鞍列岛)大型底栖藻类物种组成的有关文献,构建大型底栖藻类基础数据库。采用平均分类差异指数△~+、分类差异变异指数∧~+、G-F多样性测度指数和相似性系数开展分类多样性研究。结果显示:6个列岛藻类在目级和科级的相似性很高,其值均在0.800以上;洞头列岛的△~+值最高(77.42),中街山列岛最低(72.65),这表明洞头列岛大型底栖藻类类群间的亲缘关系较远,中街山列岛藻类类群间的亲缘关系较近;七星列岛的∧~+值最高,达942.00,南麂列岛最低,仅865.12,这表明南麂列岛大型底栖藻类在不同分类阶元分布最均匀,七星列岛的藻类分布较集中;南麂列岛无论是F指数、G指数还是G-F指数的值均比其他5个列岛高,依次为18.62,4.40和0.76,这说明南麂列岛藻类的生态位分化程度较高。本研究构建了6个列岛大型底栖藻类资源与分类多样性基础数据库,为有效保护和管理大型底栖藻类提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

山东荣成天鹅湖海草场大型底栖贝类时空分布研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘建影  李文涛  覃乐政  张秀梅 《海洋科学》2017,41(1):113-122

为了了解天鹅湖不同微生境条件下底栖贝类的群落结构及时空分布特征,于2013年12月至2014年11月,对天鹅湖矮大叶藻区、空白区、大叶藻区边缘及其内部的底栖贝类和环境特征进行了调查。共发现15种大型底栖贝类,隶属14科15属;贝类种类组成、分布密度、生物量以及物种多样性指数在4种生境中差异显著,但均无明显的季节变化。空白区域中贝类总密度和单位面积生物量最高,大叶藻区内部最低,但矮大叶藻区和大叶藻区内部多样性指数较高。大叶藻区内部的贝类以腹足类锈凹螺、日本月华螺、刺绣翼螺等刮食者为主,而双壳贝类则更倾向于选择无海草覆盖的空白区或者海草较为稀疏的草场边缘。综合分析表明,天鹅湖底栖贝类的分布和多样性受底质特征和海草覆盖影响最为显著,同时与水深密切相关。  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal variation in subtidal molluscan diversity amongst temperate estuarine habitats          下载免费PDF全文

Tom R. Davis  David Harasti  Brendan Kelaher  Stephen D. A. Smith 《Marine Ecology》2017,38(3)

Effective management of marine ecosystems is enhanced when detailed information on biodiversity is available. Key information to underpin management actions and conservation planning includes relationships between species assemblages and environmental gradients, and information on species distributions. We conducted a subtidal biodiversity assessment of surface‐dwelling subtidal molluscs in eight a priori defined habitat types using underwater visual censuses to quantitatively explore relationships between molluscan assemblages, and their correlation with benthic habitats and abiotic variables. In addition, variations in diversity were examined for two key habitat types (areas dominated by Dendronephthya australis and by filter feeders) over a period of 15 months to examine temporal change. We found that molluscs form distinct assemblages within subtidal habitats, but that assemblages within key habitats show inherent temporal variability. Regional (gamma) diversity of molluscs was found to result from a combination of: (i) within habitat alpha diversity, which increased with habitat complexity; (ii) between habitat beta diversity, with significant differences in molluscan assemblages amongst habitats with differing benthic growth, substrate type, and depth; and (iii) temporal beta diversity, with significant changes detected in molluscan assemblages over time. The results demonstrate how habitats and abiotic variables (principally depth and substrate type) combine to contribute to molluscan biodiversity in temperate estuaries, and illustrate the value of these factors as surrogates for surface‐dwelling subtidal molluscs in conservation planning.  相似文献   

赤道东北太平洋表层沉积物间隙水中营养盐的剖面分布及其海底扩散通量   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

倪建宇  刘小涯  王方国  周怀阳 《地球化学》2005,34(6):587-594

对赤道东北太平洋海域表层沉积物间隙水中硅酸盐、磷酸盐和硝酸盐等营养盐的剖面分布三个航次的研究表明,研究区在采样深度内沉积物中有机质的分解以硝化作用为主.在水-沉积物界面附近硅酸盐、磷酸盐和硝酸盐都存在着极陡的浓度梯度, Fick扩散定理的计算结果表明,研究区内硅酸盐、磷酸盐和硝酸盐的海底扩散通量分别为- 886.45～ 42.62 μ mol/(m2· d)、- 3.04～ 5.83 μ mol/(m2· d)和- 189.43～ 21.05 μ mol/(m2· d),且硅酸盐和硝酸盐主要是从沉积物向底层水体扩散,是底层水体营养盐的来源之一;研究区内硅酸盐、磷酸盐和硝酸盐的海底扩散通量存在着一定的时间和空间变化, 这可能与因全球气候变化而导致的沉积环境的改变有关.  相似文献   

Role of mean circulation,tides, and waves in the transport of bottom sediment on the New Zealand continental shelf   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

L. Carter  R. A. Heath 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):423-448

Evaluation of velocity data on water movements over the New Zealand continental shelf has revealed that the mean circulation by itself is too slow to induce transport of bottom sediments. Tides generally have higher velocities, but are still not the main transporting agent except in the tide‐dominated Cook and Foveaux. Straits. Waves have the potential to stir sediments on the inner and middle shelf (less than about 70 m deep) during annual storms, and probably down to 130 m depth during the maximum 25‐y storm.

For sediment transport to take place, energies of at least two of the major water movements would have to complement one another. Optimum conditions for transport probably occur during storm periods when wave‐suspended sediment is readily moved by tides and the mean circulation.

The direction of transport is mainly along the continental shelf and is largely in response to prevailing weather patterns coincident with the direction of the mean circulation and strongly reinforced by the appropriate phase of the tide.  相似文献   

Length‐mass models for some common New Zealand littoral‐benthic macroinvertebrates,with a note on within‐taxon variability in parameter values among published models     

Rick J. Stoffels  Stefanie Karbe  Rachel A. Paterson 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):449-460

Regression models are developed and presented to predict dry mass (mg) from two linear dimensions (mm) for 17 benthic macroinvertebrate taxa common to littoral zones of New Zealand lakes. We also provide regression models to predict body length from head capsule width for the major insect taxa. Dry mass was best explained as a power function of all linear dimensions: M = aL _b .Parameters are presented in the log₁₀‐transformed linear form of this power function. Body length was a simple linear function of head capsule width for all insect taxa, hence parameters for these models are presented as untransformed values. We also provide family level models for the Chironomidae, and compare our chironomid body length‐mass model with other published Chrionomidae length‐mass models. There was a very high degree of variability in parameter values among published length‐mass models for the family Chironomidae (mean coefficient of variation for mass at length = 148%). We discuss the potential causes and implications of this variability.  相似文献   

Invertebrate recolonisation of previously dry channels in the Rakaia River     

P. M. Sagar 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):377-386

Recolonisation of previously dry channels by stream invertebrates was studied in the Rakaia River during winter 1981 and summer 1982. The winter experiment continued for 42 days, with stable low flows, whereas the summer experiment was characterised by fluctuating large flows which caused it to be abandoned after 27 days. The fauna was dominated numerically by Chironomidae, a leptophlebiid mayfly (Deleatidium), and oligochaetes during the winter, and by Deleatidium alone during the summer. Recolonisation was considered complete after 33 days in winter and 15 days in summer. Flow fluctuations were the main factor affecting colonisation rates, and it was assumed that drift was the main source of colonising animals. Small freshes during low‐flow periods in winter resulted in a rapid increase in total density of invertebrates and number of taxa present and also affected the population structure of Deleatidium larvae in colonisation baskets. Before these freshes numbers had increased steadily over a 27 day period. In summer large floods during high flow periods initially decreased benthic invertebrate numbers in samples but numbers increased rapidly once the flood had passed. This appears to be the first study of its kind on a large unstable river system.  相似文献