岩石断裂作用的复杂性和混沌动力学   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

谭凯旋  谢焱石  陈广浩  黄晓乃 《大地构造与成矿学》2003,27(4):372-377

断裂是一个复杂的动力学体系,受到岩石结构、反应、流体迁移、应力、岩石变形和力学等多种地质因素和过程的耦合控制。本文建立了断裂体系的反应-输运-力学耦合动力学模型并编制了模拟程序。以湖南水口山矿区为例,通过动力学模拟表明不同地层岩性的断裂渗透率大小和演化特征存在显著差异,断裂作用促使岩石渗透率的空间非均匀性增强,从而有利于流体的局部汇聚和矿体的形成。断裂中压力随时间呈现出非周期振荡变化,反映了断裂演化的混沌特征。  相似文献   

The stability of a remediated bed in Hamilton Harbour,Lake Ontario,Canada     

Carl L. Amos  Ian G. Droppo  Eduardo A. Gomez  Tom P. Murphy 《Sedimentology》2003,50(1):149-168

ABSTRACT In situ measurements of lakebed sediment erodibility were made on three sites in Hamilton Harbour, Lake Ontario, using the benthic flume Sea Carousel. Three methods of estimating the surface erosion threshold (τ_c(0)) from a Carousel time series were evaluated: the first method fits measures of bed strength to eroded depth (the failure envelope) and evaluates threshold as the surface intercept; the second method regresses mean erosion rate (E_m) with bed shear stress and solves for the floc erosion rate (E_f) to derive the threshold for E_m = E_f = 1 × 10^?5 kg m^?2 s^?1; the third method extrapolates a regression of suspended sediment concentration (S) and fluid transmitted bed shear stress (τ₀) to ambient concentrations. The first field site was undisturbed (C) and acted as a control; the second (W) was disturbed through ploughing and water injection as part of lakebed treatment, whereas the third site (OIP) was disturbed and injected with an oxidant used for remediation of contaminated sediment. The main objectives of this study were: (1) to evaluate the three different methods of deriving erosion threshold; (2) to compare the physical behaviour of lacustrine sediments with their marine estuarine counterparts; and (3) to examine the effects of ploughing and chemical treatment of contaminated sediment on bed stability. Five deployments of Sea Carousel were carried out at the control site. Mean erosion thresholds for the three methods were: τ_c(0) = 0·5 (±0·06), 0·27 (±0·01) and 0·34 (±0·03) Pa respectively. Method 1 overpredicted bed strength as it was insensitive to effects in the surface 1–2 mm, and the fit of the failure envelope was also highly subjective. Method 2 exhibited a wide scatter in the data (low correlation coefficients), and definition of the baseline erosion rate (E_f) is largely arbitrary in the literature. Method 3 yielded stable (high correlation coefficients), reproducible and objective results and is thus recommended for evaluation of the erosion threshold. The results of this method correlated well with sediment bulk density and followed the same trend as marine counterparts from widely varying sites. Mass settling rates, expressed as a decay constant, k, of S(t), were strongly related to the maximum turbidity at the onset of settling (S_max) and were also in continuity with marine counterparts. Thus, it appears that differences in salinity had little effect on mass settling rates in the examples presented, and that biological activity dominated any effects normally attributable to changes in salinity. Bedload transport of eroded aggregates (2–4 mm in diameter) took place by rolling below a mean tangential flow velocity (U_y) of 0·32 ms^?1 and by saltation at higher velocities. Mass transport as bedload was a maximum at U_y = 0·4 ms^?1, although bedload never exceeded 1% of the suspended load. The proportion of material moving as bedload was greatest at the onset of erosion but decreased as flow competence increased. Given the low bulk density and strength of the lakebed sediment, the presence of a bedload component is notable. Bedload transport over eroding cohesive substrates should be greater in estuaries, where both sediment density and strength are usually higher. Significant differences between the ploughed and control sites were apparent in both the erosion rate and the friction coefficient (φ), and suggest that bed recovery after disruption is rapid (< 24 h). τ_c(0) increased linearly with time after ploughing and recovered to the control mean value within 3 days. The friction coefficient was reduced to zero by ploughing (diagnostic of fluidization), but increased linearly with time, regaining control values within 6 days. No long‐term reduction in bed strength due to remediation was apparent.  相似文献   

地震前地表重力场变化的一种可能解释——应力-损伤耦合效应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

陈兵  江在森  祝意青  张晓亮  楼志文 《地震地质》2003,25(4):625-631

文中运用损伤力学研究方法 ,提出孕震过程中引起地壳破坏的应力 -损伤耦合效应。利用应变等效性假设 ,推导了地壳体的应力 -损伤耦合效应与地表重力变化之间的理论关系。根据岩石力学实验的不同加载途径 ,模拟了 1976年唐山 7 8级地震和 2 0 0 1年昆仑山口西 8 1级地震重力演化的不同特征 ,结果与实际情况符合较好 ,表明应力 -损伤耦合效应可以作为地震前地壳重力变化的一种物理解释  相似文献   

偏心结构非线性地震反应分析的一种简化方法   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

戴君武  张敏政  郭迅  黄玉龍 《地震工程与工程振动》2003,23(3):60-67

本文建立了基于结构状态方程和偏心结构体系的层剪力-扭矩等效屈服EYST面概念的求解平扭耦联非线性地震反应的分离-予估-修正递推算法，编制了相应的计算程序。通过与三个单层偏心结构模型的破坏性地震模拟试验结果的对比，验证了小变形阶段平-扭耦联地震反应算法的实用性和可靠性。算例表明，该程序数据处理量小，运算快捷，便于应用。  相似文献   

考虑空间效应的非线性结构主共振分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

姜忻良  骆兰月 《地震工程与工程振动》2003,23(3):68-73

本文针对考虑空间效应非对称刚度的单层结构，利用能量法得到了结构水平侧移和扭转相耦合的振动方程，采用多尺度法研究了侧移刚度和扭转刚度之间有某一关系时的主共振，分析了结构主共振的定常解并且讨论了其稳定性，通过算例分析得到了考虑空间效应时结构的一些有益的结论。  相似文献   

储液罐液—固—土耦合非线性翘离振动分析     

唐友刚  董艳秋 《地震工程与工程振动》1997,17(1):95-101

本文考虑液固耦联及底板几何非线性与土壤弹性，建立了液－固－土耦合的储液罐翘离分析力学模型。算例表明，恢复力矩与翘离角之间的关系可以表达为分段线性，翘离将使地震响应增大。  相似文献   

基于通量距平的大气-海洋-海冰耦合模式   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张学洪  俞永强  金向泽  刘辉 《应用气象学报》1997,(Z1)

该文是对基于月平均通量距平（ＭＦＡ）的海气耦合方案及其在４个海气耦合的环流模式中应用情况的一个综合评述．这些模式的实施情况表明，由于采用精细化了的参考通量，修正的ＭＦＡ（ＭＭＦＡ）比它的原型具有更为稳定的控制气候漂移的能力．  相似文献   

Shear-wave velocity structure beneath Europe, the northeastern Atlantic and western Asia from waveform inversions including surface-wave mode coupling   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Henk Marquering  Roel Snieder 《Geophysical Journal International》1996,127(2):283-304

  相似文献   

渗流场与应力场耦合分析在地质科学中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐则民  张塞  杨立中  刘丹 《四川地质学报》1996,(4)

论述了渗流场与应力场耦合分析的基本原理及其在石油勘探、成矿预测及斜坡稳定性评价中应用的理论基础和技术路线。  相似文献   

A Study on the Geological—Geochemical Dynamics of Hydrothermal Ore Deposition as Exemplified by the Muping—Rushan Gold Deposit Belt,Eastern Shandong,China     

赵伦山  高太忠等 《中国地球化学学报》1996,15(4):289-295

This paper presents a method of establishing a hydrothermal ore-forming reaction system.On the basis of the study of four typical hydrothermal deposits,the following conclusions concerning geochemical dynamic controlling during hydrothermal mineralization have been sions concerning geochemical dynaamic controlling during hydrothermal mineralization have been drawn:(1)The regional tectonic activities control the concentration and dispersion of elements in the ore-forming process in terms of their effects on the thermodynamic nature and conditions of the ore-forming reaction system.(2)During hydrothermal mineralization the activites of ore-bearing faults can be divideb into two stages:the brittle splitting stage and the brittle-tough tensing stage,which would create characteristically different geodynamic conditions for the geochemical thermodynamic ore-forming system.(3)The hydrothermal ore-forming reaaction system is an open dynamic system.At the brittle splitting stage the system was so strongly supersaturated and unequilibrated as to speed up and enhance the crystallization and differentiation of ore-forming fluids.And at the brittle-tough tensing stage,the ore-forming system was in a weak supersaturated state;with decreasing temperature and pressure the crystallization of oreforming material would show down,and it can be regarded as an equilibrated state.(4)In the lates stages of hydrothermal evolution,gold would be concentrated in the residual ore-forming solution.The pulsating fracture activite in this stage led to the crush of pyrite ore and it was then filled with gold-enriched solution,forming high-grage“fissure”gold ore.This ore-forming process could be called the coupling mechanism of ore formation.  相似文献