虾池微藻定向培育及其对养殖环境因子的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

黄翔鹄  冯奕成  李长玲  刘楚吾 《广东海洋大学学报》2005,25(6):25-31

采用微藻三级扩大培养技术,将在对虾养殖池选育的波吉卵囊藻Oocysits borgei引入凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeusvannamei高位养殖池,并检测养殖环境中微藻群落结构、水质因子、对虾抗病力相关因子、对虾生长情况,研究了以微藻生态调控为主的对虾防病技术。结果表明:养殖前、中、后期,波吉卵囊藻平均生物量占浮游植物总生物量分别为98.02%、78.89%和45.12%,成为虾池中的绝对优势种;作为优势种的持续时间长达77 d。波吉卵囊藻为主的微藻群落控制的水质较稳定,实验池氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮浓度较对照池低。对虾的血细胞数、溶菌(LSZ)活力、抗菌活力、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和酚氧化酶(PO)均显著高于对照池(P<0.05);血清蛋白含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。实验池对虾生长速度显著高于对照池(P<0.05)。可见,通过微藻的定向培育方法来优化虾池微藻群落结构,可改善养殖环境。  相似文献   

复合益生菌和底质深度对硬壳蛤育苗效果的影响          下载免费PDF全文

孟良  李华煜  王元宁  李金泽  李永仁  郭永军  张涛 《海洋科学》2023,47(12):55-62

硬壳蛤(Mercenaria mercenaria)幼虫和稚贝存活率的高低是人工育苗成败的关键。本文探究了复合益生菌和底质深度对硬壳蛤幼虫与稚贝的特定生长率、存活率和变态率的影响。研究结果表明, 在投喂S2益生菌(添加丁酸梭菌代谢物的乳酸菌复合菌群)后, 小个体硬壳蛤幼虫比例减少, 幼虫的生长率和变态率显著提升; 在不同温度下, S2益生菌对来自不同地区幼虫的特定生长率有显著影响, 其中天津地区种贝所产幼虫(25℃)的特定生长率显著高于对照组幼虫(20℃), 而福建地区种贝所产幼虫(25℃)和对照组幼虫(20℃)无显著差异。此外, 3 mm深度的沙质底质显著提高了幼虫生长率、变态率和出足率。埋栖在0~3 mm深度的稚贝比例显著高于3~9 mm深度。因此,筛选促进硬壳蛤生长发育、提高成活率的复合益生菌, 确定适宜硬壳蛤生长发育的最佳底质深度, 可进一步优化其人工育苗技术, 对于大规模开展硬壳蛤人工育苗具有重要意义。  相似文献   

浅谈罗氏沼虾养殖生产中的几个技术环节     

李宽意  胡文英 《海洋湖沼通报》1998,(1):77-79

本文结合多年养殖生产经验,并渗考诸多文献,阐述了罗氏沼虾养殖生产中的几个技术关键;必须彻底清塘;加强幼虾放养前的强化培育;争取虾苗在浮游动物高峰期下塘;尽量延长养殖周期;加强日常管理。  相似文献   

凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)亲虾繁殖期水体微生物多样性   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

陈琼  李贵阳  罗坤  孔杰  莫照兰  栾生  李杰  曹宝祥  张玉玲 《海洋与湖沼》2017,48(1):130-138

为了揭示凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)繁殖期亲虾养殖水体的微生物多样性,我们比较了雌雄虾养殖水体细菌群落结构差异,采用Illumina HiSeq高通量测序方法对凡纳滨对虾亲虾养殖水体细菌的16S rRNA基因的两个高变区(V3-V4)进行测序分析,并进行了α-多样性指数和β-多样性指数分析。结果表明:雌雄虾养殖水体细菌群落的α-多样性指数中Chao1,ACE和Goods-coverage指数无显著差异(P0.05),而Observed-species,Shannon和Simpson指数有显著性差异(P0.05)。主坐标分析和聚类热图分析表明雌雄虾养殖水体的细菌群落结构不同,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)为两者共同的优势菌门,但其相对丰度有一定差异,在雄虾养殖池水体中相对丰度分别为76.15%和21.28%;在雌虾养殖池水体中相对丰度分别为66.01%和29.02%。两者的核心微生物群(属水平)明显不同,雄虾养殖水体的核心属主要包括Glaciecola、Octadecabacter、Methylobacterium、Psychroserpens、Olleya;雌虾养殖水体的核心属主要包括Pseudomonas、Polaribacter、Pseudoalteromonas、Vibrio、Arcobacter、Synechococcus、Hyphomonas、Paracoccus、HTCC、Thalassomonas、Thalassobius、Owenweeksia等,其中包括了Vibrio、Pseudomonas和Owenweeksia等病原相关菌类。该实验结果对凡纳滨对虾育苗阶段亲虾的健康管理、病害诊断及防治具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Breeding habitat selection by houbara bustard (Chlamydotis[undulata] macqueenii) in Mori, Xinjiang, China     

杨维康  乔建芳  姚军  高行宜  钟文勤 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2002,45(Z1)

The breeding habitat selection by houbara bustards in Mori, Xinjiang, China duringthe breeding seasons from April to June 1998-2000 was studied. Most of habitats chosen forbreeding were short sub-shrubby and open areas close to high bushy patches. The nesting re-males clearly prefer Iow covered areas and avoid densely covered and high vegetation sites. Thenumber of herb species was significantly smaller at nest sites than at randomly selected sites.Only the distance to the closest fox den contributed the most to discrimination between successfuland predated nests. The average distance to the closest fox den was significantly longer at suc-cessful nests than at depredated nests. Vegetative density, plant species richness, topography anddistance to the closest fox den are possibly the most important factors that determined the nestsites selection of houbara bustard. The displaying males clearly prefer Iow covered areas andavoid densely covered and high vegetation sites. The vegetation density and number of plant spe-cies at display sites was significantly lower than that at randomly selected sites. The average dis-tance to the closest bushy patch was significantly shorter at display sites than at random sites.Plant species richness, vegetative density, vegetative cover and distance to the bushy patches arepossibly the most important factors for the display sites selection of houbara bustard.  相似文献   

Effects of seasonal breeding on productive performance of pastoral goat herds in northern Kenya: a longitudinal analysis of growth in kids and body weight development of does     

Ingo Hary  Horst-Jürgen Schwartz 《Journal of Arid Environments》2002,50(4):641

This paper investigates whether liveweight development of kids and dams can be improved by introducing a seasonal breeding regime in goat herds maintained under pastoral management in northern Kenya. The experimental treatment consisted of six consecutive mating seasons. Traits studied comprise relative growth rates of kids (g kg^−0·75 day⁻¹) from birth until 2 years of age, liveweight development of kids (kg) from birth until 2 years of age, and body weight development (kg) of does over a reproductive cycle of 1 year duration. No systematic effect of mating season on birth weights of kids could be detected, whereas the experiment succeeded in demonstrating that mating season has an impact upon body weight development of kids. The highest average preweaning weight gains were achieved by kids born in the period from October to May, while growth performance was seriously compromised when birth took place at the middle of the long dry season. However, the differences between mating season groups had almost completely disappeared by 1 year of age. The mating season treatment produced marked differences in weight development curves in does. During gestation, does were advantaged when they were mated just prior to the long rainy season, while the largest relative liveweight gains over the entire reproductive cycle were achieved by does mated during the short rains. It is concluded that seasonal breeding does not confer any major advantage in terms of liveweight production of young livestock, except that mating during the short dry season from December to January should be avoided. Similarly, a clear effect on body weights of does at the end of the reproductive cycle could only be observed when mating occurred during this period.  相似文献   

BREEDING A BETTER CHINA: PIGS,PRACTICES, AND PLACE IN A CHINESE COUNTY, 1929–1937*     

SIGRID SCHMALZER 《Geographical review》2002,92(1):1-22

ABSTRACT. From 1929 to 1937, Chinese reformers in the Mass Education Movement attempted to transform pigs and pig breeding in Dingxian, Hebei, through the importation of an American breed of pig and its hybridization with local pigs. This episode provides a case study for the investigation of the roles played in scientific work by local Chinese materials and practices on one hand and Western scientific principles and methods on the other. Reformers were conscious that the wholesale importation and implementation of Western science had failed China in the past and suspected that it would fail again. Their chief concern was that the new pig should raise production levels but still “suit local conditions.” But “conditions” and “methods” do not play equal roles in science, and reformers did not require the scientific methods of pig breeding to negotiate with local methods. Despite their attention to local conditions, the reformers thus assumed that modern, Western science was universal in nature and that it could and should be applied universally, replacing local knowledge and practices.  相似文献   

Desertification and animal biodiversity in the desert grasslands of North America   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Walter G. Whitford 《Journal of Arid Environments》1997,37(4):709-720

Studies of breeding birds and small mammals were conducted at a series of sites that form a gradient of severity of desertification. Desert grassland sites represented the least changed landscape units and mesquite coppice dunes represented the most severe degradation, an irreversibly degraded landscape unit. The hypothesis that desertification reduces species diversity was not supported by the data. Species richness and diversities (Shannon-Weaver H′) of breeding birds were higher in the desertified areas than in the grassland with one exception. Data from a site dominated by the exotic African grass,Eragrostis lehmanniana, in south-eastern Arizona showed that breeding bird diversity was lower at that site than at a site in the same region that was dominated by native grasses. Species richness, diversity (H′), and abundance of small mammals were also higher in desertified areas than in desert grassland. Most grassland species of birds and mammals persist in the desertified habitats and species that are characteristic of shrublands colonize desertified desert grasslands. This accounts for the increases in species richness. However some species such as the banner-tailed kangaroo rat,Dipodomys spectabilis, are eliminated when grassland degrades to mesquite coppice dune or eroded creosotebush communities. These data suggest that other measures of faunal biodiversity such askeystone speciesmay be better measures of the impact of desertification on animal biodiversity.  相似文献   

基于16S rDNA基因序列探讨引进物种紫扇贝(Argopecten purpuratus)在海湾扇贝属(Argopecten)中的分类地位     

胡丽萍  姜黎明  黄晓婷  包振民 《海洋与湖沼》2016,47(6):1149-1157

秘鲁紫扇贝(Argopecten purpuratus)于2008年被引进我国,与海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians irradians)成功杂交。为探讨紫扇贝在海湾扇贝属中的分类地位及与相似种海湾扇贝的进化关系,随机选取紫扇贝和海湾扇贝各10个个体,利用通用引物进行16S rDNA基因片段扩增并双向测序。序列分析结果表明,紫扇贝和海湾扇贝扩增获得基因片段长度均为542bp,碱基组成A+T所占比例分别为紫扇贝54.2%和海湾扇贝55.1%。紫扇贝和海湾扇贝种内分别有6和10个变异位点,种间有41个变异位点,且种内和种间变异均为转换或者颠换,无插入/缺失类型。结合Gen Bank同源序列信息,对海湾扇贝属物种进行遗传距离分析及分子系统树的构建。结果表明:海湾扇贝属7种扇贝[紫扇贝(A.purpuratus)、A.irradians、墨西哥湾扇贝(A.i.concentricus)、A.i.irradians、A.nucleus、A.gibbus和A.ventricosus]在系统树上聚为2支,与紫扇贝亲缘关系最近的是A.ventricosus,且该两种扇贝单独聚为一支。其余5种扇贝中,A.irradians、A.i.concentricus和A.i.irradians最先聚为一支,支持A.i.concentricus和A.i.irradians为A.irradians两个亚种的结论;另外,A.nucleus与以上三者也有很近的亲缘关系。该研究结果为海湾扇贝属物种进化、迁移及其遗传育种研究提供了理论基础。  相似文献   

星斑川鲽家系建立及遗传效应分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

田永胜  李祥孔  段会敏  李洪  宋莉妮  陈张帆  唐江  王波  孙宗哲 《海洋学报》2016,38(6):21-31

星斑川鲽是优良的鲆鲽鱼类种质之一,在鲆鲽鱼类养殖产业中具有重要的地位。本研究初次收集了分布于山东半岛的4个养殖群体(日照、胶南、威海和蓬莱)的350尾亲鱼,分别测量了100尾雌雄亲鱼的体长和体质量,拟合了雌雄性亲鱼体质量和体长幂函数关系,分别为:y=0.034 2x2.843 6 (R2=0.565)和y=0.075 9x2.533 4(R2=0.753 8)。利用其中成熟的55尾雄鱼和46尾雌鱼进行人工繁殖,雌鱼平均产卵次数为4.39次、雄鱼产精次数为2.36次。其中25个杂交组合繁殖成功,建立了29个半同胞和全同胞家系。在家系生长到150 d时,对1 640尾鱼苗体质量、全长、体长和体宽4个性状进行测量。利用最小范数二次无偏估计法(MINQUE)对以上性状的方差组分进行估计,利用"加－显性"模型对生长性状遗传力进行估计,采用线性无偏预测法(Linear Unbiased Prediction,LUP)预测亲本的加性和显性遗传效应。结果显示:4个性状的遗传相关系数为0.809~0.999(P<0.01)。体质量、全长、体长和体宽4个性状的加性、显性方差分量都达到极显著水平(P<0.01),狭义遗传率为0.311~0.444(P<0.01),广义遗传率为0.377~0.525(P<0.01)。加性遗传效应预测显示:31个亲本中的6个在4个性状上同时具有极显著的正向效应(P<0.01),10个亲本具有极显著(P<0.01)或显著(P<0.05)的负向效应。显性随机效应预测显示:25个杂交组合中6个具极显著正向效应(P<0.01),8个具有极显著负向效应(P<0.01)。研究结果首次为星斑川鲽家系建立和优良苗种培育筛选出了优良的亲本和杂交组合,同时为星斑川鲽的选择育种提供了丰富的遗传指标。  相似文献