羧甲基琼胶寡糖钒络合物抗氧化及抑制BEL-7402 癌细胞增殖的研究     

刘广洋  冯大伟  靳志明  刘胜一  衣悦涛 《海洋科学》2014,38(2):34-38

制备了羧甲基琼胶寡糖钒络合物,并利用ICP-MS测定钒的含量为4.6%;同时,对钒氧羧甲基琼胶寡糖抗氧化和抑制人肝癌BEL-7402细胞增殖活性进行研究。抗氧化实验结果表明,钒氧羧甲基琼胶寡糖清除?OH的能力和DPPH?的能力均比羧甲基琼胶寡糖的清除能力有显著提高。经磺酰罗丹明B蛋白染色法测试,进一步发现钒氧羧甲基琼胶寡糖在16~1 000 mg/L浓度范围内对人肝癌BEL-7402细胞的增殖有较好的抑制作用。  相似文献   

Distribution of sea urchins living near shallow water CO₂ vents is dependent upon species acid–base and ion-regulatory abilities     

P. Calosi  S.P.S. Rastrick  M. Graziano  S.C. Thomas  C. Baggini  H.A. Carter  J.M. Hall-Spencer  M. Milazzo  J.I. Spicer 《Marine pollution bulletin》2013

To reduce the negative effect of climate change on Biodiversity, the use of geological CO₂ sequestration has been proposed; however leakage from underwater storages may represent a risk to marine life. As extracellular homeostasis is important in determining species’ ability to cope with elevated CO₂, we investigated the acid–base and ion regulatory responses, as well as the density, of sea urchins living around CO₂ vents at Vulcano, Italy. We conducted in situ transplantation and field-based laboratory exposures to different pCO₂/pH regimes. Our results confirm that sea urchins have some ability to regulate their extracellular fluid under elevated pCO₂. Furthermore, we show that even in closely-related taxa divergent physiological capabilities underlie differences in taxa distribution around the CO₂ vent. It is concluded that species distribution under the sort of elevated CO₂ conditions occurring with leakages from geological storages and future ocean acidification scenarios, may partly be determined by quite subtle physiological differentiation.  相似文献   

Incubation,hatching and survival of eggs of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in spawning redds influenced by groundwater     

Svein Jakob Saltveit  Åge Brabrand 《Limnologica》2013,43(5):325-331

Many west coastal and northern Norwegian rivers run through deep, confined valleys with permeable layers of glacial and alluvial deposits. Groundwater flows through these permeable layers and enter lakes and rivers as underwater seepage and springs. Groundwater inflow to inland Norwegian rivers may constitute 40–100% of total water discharge during low flow periods in late summer and winter. Juvenile salmonids may take advantage of groundwater upwellings and actively seek out such patches. In regulated rivers groundwater influx may create refuges during low flow or hydropeaking episodes. The importance of groundwater for salmon redd site selection and egg survival is also clear, although less known and documented in regulated rivers.Eggs of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are deposited in redds in river bed gravels lacking fine sediments and with high oxygen levels. Egg development is therefore dependent on the interaction of a number of environmental factors such as groundwater influx, oxygen and temperature. Atlantic salmon in the regulated River Suldalslågen, Western Norway, spawn relatively late compared to other Norwegian rivers, with a peak in early January. Newly emerged fry are found from the end of May to the beginning of June, i.e. “swim up” one month earlier than expected using models for egg and alevin development and river water temperatures. The most plausible explanation is that groundwater has a higher and more stable temperature than surface river water. In field experiments, fertilized salmon eggs were placed in boxes close to natural spawning redds in the river bed at sites influenced and those not influenced by groundwater. A difference of up to 40 days in 50% hatching was found, and “swim up” occurred at the end of May in boxes influenced by groundwater.Preliminary studies have revealed that groundwater also plays an important role in survival of salmon eggs in the River Suldalslågen when dewatered in winter. Eggs placed in boxes in groundwater seepage areas during winter in the dewatered river bed survived even when covered by ice and snow. The survival from fertilization until 30 April, one month before hatching, was 91%, the same survival as found for eggs placed in boxes in the wetted river bed. However, mortality from fertilization to hatching was higher compared to the eggs placed in wetted river bed, 57 and 91% respectively.Groundwater creates a horizontal and vertical mosaic of temperatures in spawning redd areas leading to potentially greater variation in spawning sites, time of hatching and “swim up”. This is likely to increase egg survival during low flow periods in regulated rivers. In conclusion, the interaction between groundwater and surface river water should therefore be considered when managing fish populations in regulated rivers.  相似文献   

基于Silverlight的矢量地图符号编辑器的设计与实现     

黄瑞阳  郭建忠  成毅  梁东旭 《测绘科学》2013,38(5):154-156

地图符号在线编辑器是WebGIS和网络地图制图的关键模块,本文利用RIA技术在用户交互、多媒体表达等方面的能力,研究了基于Silverlight的矢量地图符号编辑器,在分析和建立地图符号模型基础上,着重分析了符号基本图元交互设计、符号图元样式交互编辑和符号的描述规则与存储策略等地图符号在线编辑器的3种关键技术,并建立了地图符号在线编辑器的原型实验系统,实现了地图符号的在线制作、编辑、存储、发布和共享。  相似文献   

Distinguishing human and climate influences on hydrological disturbance processes in the Columbia River,USA     

David A. Jay 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(7):1186-1209

Abstract

This paper distinguishes human and climate influences on the Columbia River streamflow disturbance regime, examines how this disturbance regime has changed over the last 150 years, and discusses downstream impacts. Flow management and withdrawal have greatly curtailed exceedence of the natural bankfull level of ～20 000 m³ s^-1. The frequency distribution of Columbia River flow has also changed. Sediment transport is positively correlated with streamflow standard deviation, and has been greatly reduced by flow regulation. Three kinds of spring freshet style have been identified; there are also three kinds of winter freshet. Flow regulation and regional climate warming have changed freshet styles and reduced maximum flows during the spring season. Downstream effects of hydrological alterations include increased salinity intrusion length, loss of shallow water habitat area during the freshet season, increased tides throughout most of the year, and a decrease in area of the Columbia River plume during spring and summer. Although climate changes and variations have played a substantial role in changing the hydrological disturbance regime, their influence is still less than that of human manipulation of the flow cycle.

Citation Jay, D. A. & Naik, P. K. (2011) Distinguishing human and climate influences on hydrological disturbance processes in the Columbia River, USA. Hydrol. Sci. J. 56(7), 1186–1209.  相似文献   

The role of landscape setting in minimizing hydrogeomorphic impacts of flow regulation     

H.E.REID  G.J.BRIERLEY  K.MCFARLANE  S.E.COLEMAN  S.TROWSDALE 《国际泥沙研究》2013,28(2):149-161

The Tongariro Power Development Scheme (TPDS) is used to regulate flow in the headwaters of the largest catchment on the North Island of New Zealand (the Waikato). Two small dams, the Rangipo Dam and the Poutu Intake Dam, were constructed in 1973 and 1983. The flow regime of the river is managed to divert freshes into the power scheme, but allows flows larger than 100 m³ s^?1 to be released, to rework and transport sediment through the catchment. Analysis of aerial photos and maps spanning 1928 to 2007, alongside field measurements, show that there have been few hydrogeomorphic adjustments since dam construction. This includes limited changes to channel geometry, channel planform and bed material organization immediately downstream of the dams. In addition, offsite effects are minimal, both 500 m downstream of each dam, and in the more sensitive, less confined reaches in the lower catchment (11 km downstream of the Poutu Intake dam). The limited changes can be attributed to the locations of the dams within reaches characterised by bedrock gorges and confined within terraces. These locations act to flush sediments and impose margins that allow minimal adjustment of the channel. Bed material within this reach is characterised by the presence of a boulder lag. This is sourced from long-term incision into lahar deposits, and acts to limit the rate of incision, creating a steep and stable base upon which active fractions are transported. Just as importantly, significant storage in the low-relief volcanic plateau located in the upper catchment acts to disconnect and store the high sediment yields generated by active volcanic cones in the western sub-catchment upstream of the dams. This limits the rate of sediment supply to regulated reaches. Findings from this study show that analysis of reach-scale controls is essential in framing dam site locations in relation to the distribution of reaches and landscape units across the catchment. In this instance, tributary inputs downstream of the dams do not replenish the sediment and flow removed at the dam locations, as has been observed in other regulated systems. Rather, the river itself is resilient to change and flow variability is well managed allowing geomorphically effective floods to occur. Landscape setting is a key consideration in determining the hydrogeomorphic impact of flow regulation.  相似文献   

CT扫描层厚和增强对I期非小细胞肺癌形态学测量的影响     

李靖煦  关玉宝  夏亭亭  朱巧洪  林翰菲  曾庆思  李宏  孙申申  康雁 《CT理论与应用研究》2013,(4):659-664

目的：探讨CT扫描层厚、增强与否对I期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）三维最大径、体积及质量的影响。方法：92例I期NSCLC患者,其中76例在平扫基础上进行了增强扫描;扫描数据传至CT后处理工作站,采用计算机辅助诊断软件描绘并分割病灶,分别自动测量2nlm、7inn层厚及7nlm增强前后病灶的最大径d（mm）、体积V（mm3）、质量m（g）,计算各均值及方差,运用配对T检验评价不同层厚、增强与否对肿瘤的三维测量结果有无统计学差异。结果：2into、7mm层厚CT扫描条件下,d、玖m的测量结果具有显著统计学差异（P〈0．05）;7mm层厚扫描条件下,cT增强前后d、V的测量无显著统计学差异（P〉0．05）,m的测量具有显著统计学差异（P〈0．05）。结论：胸部cT扫描2mm、7mm层厚的选取对I期NSCLC三维最大径、体积及质量的测量结果具有一定的影响;CT增强可影响肿瘤的质量测量评价。  相似文献   

囊性肾癌多排螺旋CT诊断及鉴别诊断     

卢玉花  洪琦  梁宗辉  叶涛  张士玉 《CT理论与应用研究》2013,(3):523-530

目的:分析囊性肾癌的CT表现,探讨多层螺旋CT的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析11例囊性肾癌的临床表现、CT及病理资料。CT成像技术为采用64排螺旋CT平扫及三期增强扫描,并行冠状位、矢状位的多平面重建。结果:11例囊性肾癌均显示为囊性或囊实性肿块,规则或不规则,大小不一,均有囊壁增厚。其中壁结节占9例,瘤内分隔占4例,囊壁钙化占4例。囊壁及分隔厚薄不均,增强后可见囊壁、囊内分隔及壁结节的强化,主要呈"快进快出"的特征。多平面重建图像显示肿瘤细节及其与周围结构关系更加清晰。结论:囊性肾癌具有一些特征性的CT征象,多层螺旋CT多期增强扫描及多平面重建有助于明确诊断,但需与肾脏其他囊性病变相鉴别。  相似文献   

不同粒径和埋厚的煤粉对土压力计的影响     

王雷  聂闻  陈冬梅 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2012,23(3):91-98

利用传感器技术监测尾矿库等地质灾害是一种有效的方法,因此测量压力的精度就显得十分重要。而土压力计是测量压力最常见的传感器,它的测量值会受到如温度、周边材料、压力计的刚性与尺寸等因素的影响。本文以不同粒径的煤粉为对象,聚焦在煤粉层厚度和颗粒大小对土压力计响应时间的影响,探讨不同厚度、不同粒径煤粉对土压力计的影响。研究结果表明：相同粒径煤粉条件下,外界给予相同的荷载,实际检测值随着煤粉层厚度的增加而减小,同时有效荷载出现的时间也随着厚度的增加而减小（监测到荷载稳定需要一定时间）;相同煤层厚度条件下,除去粒径大的煤粉以外,外界给予相同的荷载,实际检测值随着目数的增加而增加。  相似文献   

Histological observation of germ cell development and discovery of spermatophores in ovoviviparous black rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli Hilgendorf) in reproductive season     

Junrong Feng  Liming Liu  Haibin Jiang  Maojian Wang  Rongbin Du 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,13(5):830-836

Black rockfish(Sebastes schlegeli) is an important species for culture; however, its reproductive characteristics have not been fully documented. In this study, we investigated the morphology and developmental process of germ cells in this ovoviviparous rockfish in reproductive season(October 2011–November 2012) with histological methods. We found that the gonad of mature fish showed notable seasonal changes in developmental characteristics and morphological structure. The sperm cells matured during a period lasting from October to December, significantly earlier than the oocytes did. A large number of spermatozoa and other cells occurred in testis at different developmental stages. Vitellogenesis in oocytes began in October, and gestation appeared in April next year. Spermatophores were discovered for the first time in Sebastes, which assembled in testis, main sperm duct, oviduct and genital tract, as well as ovarian cavity in October and April. These organs may serve either as production or hiding places for spermatophores and spermatozoa which were stored and transported in form of spermatophores. Testicular degeneration started from the distal part of testis in April, with spermatophores assembled in degenerating testis and waiting for transportation. The copulation probably lasted for a long period, during which the spermatozoa were discharged in batches as spermatophores. These spermatophores were coated with sticky materials secreted from the interstitial areas of testis and the main sperm duct, then transported into ovary.  相似文献