广西前汛期冷锋云系中尺度对流云团卫星云图特征分析     

林宗桂  林开平  陈翠敏 《气象研究与应用》2003,24(3):1-5

通过对1994～2002年间9次由冷锋云系中尺度对流云团分析,发现广西前汛期冷锋云系中尺度对流云团的源地主要是黔西南和黔中;移动方向是东或东南;当环境云场强度指数≥28有利对流云团的发展,≤26时不利对流云团的发展;初步研究了中尺度对流云团生命史不同阶段的卫星云图形态特征,给出了中尺度对流云团降水的时空分布特征。  相似文献   

水稻低温敏不育系培矮64s“冷灌繁种”适用技术研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

储长树  卢显富  姚克敏  宗雪梅  周承恕  李继明  刘建宾 《南京气象学院学报》1997,(4)

通过对低温敏不育系水稻培矮６４ｓ育性敏感期间冷水灌溉处理后的农田微气象要素和自交结实率的平行观测，分析研究了供试不育系的适宜灌水时段、灌水深度以及灌溉用水量等的“冷灌繁种”适用技术。  相似文献   

1996年全球重大气候事件概述          下载免费PDF全文

李晓燕 《气象》1997,23(4):20-23

１９９６年，全球平均气温低于１９９５年，但从总体上来讲，气候仍比常年偏暖，是８０年代以来连续出现的第１１个暖年。１９９５／１９９６年冬季，中高纬度地区经向环流旺盛，欧洲、北美东部出现异常冷冬，许多地区遇到数十年未见的风雪严寒；前几年的大范围持久干旱已大大减弱或完全解除，高温热浪的强度与范围也明显少于上年。而洪涝却十分频繁，各洲洪水不断，亚洲尤为严重。北大西洋飓风继去年达５０年来最多之后，今年仍十分活跃。这些气候特点，可能与１９９５／１９９６年赤道太平洋大气状况由长达５年之久的暖位相特征转变为冷位相有关。  相似文献   

培矮64S冷灌繁种技术研究          下载免费PDF全文

朱兰娟  储长树 《气象》1997,23(12):47-51

通过对低温敏核不育系培矮６４Ｓ育性敏感期间冷水处理后温度场分布特征和自交结实率的资料分析，得出培矮６４Ｓ的灌水始期是冷灌后的见穗期往前推１８天，终止期为见穗期往前推３天，灌水深度前１０天为１５ｃｍ，，后５天为２０ｃｍ，，为“冷繁”技术在生产上应用提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

粗糙冷岛宽度与布局对局地气候影响的数值研究     

余晖  杨舵 《南京气象学院学报》1997,20(2):165-170

利用一个二维大气模式，研究粗糙冷岛宽度与布局对局地气候的影响问题。结果表明：粗糙冷岛激发的局地环流随其宽度的变化表现出３种流型－单环流型，双上升单下沉型，双环流型。存在４０－５０ｋｍ左右的临界宽度ｄｃ，当粗糙冷岛宽度ｄ〈ｄｃ时，粗糙冷岛激发的局地环流随ｄ的增加而明显增强；而ｄ〉ｄｃ时，局地环流随ｄ的增国变化不大，甚至趋向准定常。  相似文献   

Evidence for freeze–thaw events and their implications for rock weathering in northern Canada     

Kevin Hall 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2004,29(1):43-57

Discussions regarding weathering in cold environments generally centre on mechanical processes and on the freeze–thaw mechanism in particular. Despite the almost ubiquitous assumption of freeze–thaw weathering, unequivocal proof of interstitial rock water actually freezing and thawing is singularly lacking. Equally, many studies have used the crossing of 0 °C, or values close to that, as the basis for determining the number of ‘freeze–thaw events’. In order to assess the weathering regime at a site in northern Canada, temperatures were collected at the surface, 1 cm and 3 cm depth for sets of paving bricks, with exposures both vertical and at 45°, orientated to the four cardinal directions. Temperature data were collected at 1 min intervals for 1 year. These data provide unequivocal proof for the occurrence of the freezing and thawing of water on and within the rock (freeze–thaw events). The freeze event is evidenced by the exotherm associated with the release of latent heat as the water actually freezes. This is thought to be the ?rst record of such events from a ?eld situation. More signi?cantly, it was found that the temperature at which freezing occurred varied signi?cantly through the year and that on occasion the 1 cm depth froze prior to the rock surface. The change in freeze temperature is thought to be due to the chemical weathering of the material (coupled with on‐going salt inputs via the melting of snowfall), which, it is shown, could occur throughout the winter despite air temperatures down to ?30 °C. This ?nding regarding chemical weathering is also considered to be highly signi?cant. A number of thermal stress events were also recorded, suggesting that rock weathering in cold regions is a synergistic combination of various chemical and mechanical weathering mechanisms. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

一次强风暴的垂直环境特征数值模拟分析   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4  

陈力强  周小珊  杨森 《气象》2004,30(9):3-8

应用MM 5模式对东北冷涡诱发的 2 0 0 2年 7月 1 2日强风暴进行了数值模拟 ,较成功地模拟出中尺度强对流风暴。发现冷涡后部中层干冷空气绝热下沉是东北冷涡 70 0hPa附近干暖盖形成和维持的重要机制 ,而低层暖湿气流爬升及干暖盖的抑制作用是东北冷涡强对流不稳定能量积累的重要机制。风暴发生前持续的低层西南风到中层西北风的风垂直切变产生的差动平流 ,加剧了层结不稳定 ,而风暴临近风垂直切变方向的快速逆转使热成风不平衡 ,必须通过激发垂直环流以适应其变化 ,对风暴发展有重要作用。  相似文献   

2003 - 08 - 24 咸阳市大暴雨过程分析          下载免费PDF全文

王索民  李祥林 《山西气象》2004,(3):7-9

利用高空、地面天气图、红外云图、多普勒雷达图等资料对临汾市2004年6月16日局地降雹的天气背景、形势演变、层结稳定度、云图和雷达回波等变化特征进行了综合分析，结合以往冰雹预报经验对新一代雷达的探测能力进行了初步检验。分析发现，这次降雹过程属典型的西北冷涡影响型，此类型降雹相对于西北气流型和西风槽型降雹具有其自身特征；从多普勒速度图上，可分析出降雹过程中飑线前后较明显的中尺度天气系统。  相似文献   

Effects of temperature and humidity upon the transport of sedimentary particles by wind   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Cheryl McKenna Neuman 《Sedimentology》2004,51(1):1-17

Wind tunnel simulations of aeolian transport carried out over a range in mean temperature between 32 °C and ?9 °C suggest that cold airflows support higher mass transport rates (Q) than very warm air. The magnitude of this increase is larger than expected, so that analytical and semi‐empirical models underestimate Q. Extrapolation of the results suggests that, at ?40 °C, as for example in the dry valleys of Antarctica in winter, Q may be as much as 70% higher than for the equivalent wind speed in hot deserts at air temperatures of 40 °C. Temperature‐dependent changes in air density and turbulence contribute to this result. The decreased tension of water adsorbed onto particle surfaces at low temperatures is postulated to reduce interparticle cohesion and, thus, to increase the elasticity of particle impacts on cold beds. Definition of the roles that temperature and humidity play in aeolian transport is relevant to studies of palaeoenvironmental reconstruction and extraterrestrial (or planetary) geology. Investigation of present‐day, cold climate features and of climate change effects also requires knowledge of these fundamental relations.  相似文献   

Meteorological Office, Pune-411 005     

U. S. De  Medha Khole  M. M. Dandekar 《Natural Hazards》2004,31(2):487-497

Natural disasters like floods, tornadoes, tropicalcyclones, heat and cold wavewreak havoc and cause tremendous loss ofproperty all over the world. Most ofthe natural disasters are either dueto weather or are triggered due toweather related processes.Extreme weather events claimed thousands oflives and caused damage on vastscale. Recent super cyclone which affectedOrissa in 1999, Bangladesh cyclone of1970 and Hurricane Andrew in 1992 areexamples of some of the more damagingtropical cyclones which affected developingas well as the developed world. Heatand cold waves are also extreme events,which cause enormous losses in terms oflives lost and human discomfort and ailmentsarising out of them. The heat waveof 1995 and 1998 are still fresh in the mindof the Indian public. The estimated lossof human lives due to heat wave in 1998 was morethan 15,000. Economic losses asa result of these disasters and in particular inassociation with tropical cyclones haveincreased enormously over the last three decades.During 1961–1991, total loss oflives from drought alone was 1,333,728 overthe whole world. In terms of economiclosses, there is 8–10 fold increase from thebase figure of 1960. The socio-economicimpact of natural disaster is complex dependingupon the vulnerability of the placeand mitigation strategies that are put in place.Meteorology plays a crucial role in forewarningpeople about the severe/extremeweather systems and a constant endeavour by themeteorological services worldover has gone a long way towards minimizing thelosses caused by natural disasters.The paper summarises the natural disasterstatistics over south Asia and the possibleprediction strategies for combating theirsocio-economic impacts.  相似文献