Removal of Natural Free Estrogens and their Conjugates in a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant     

Ze‐hua Liu  Yoshinori Kanjo  Satoshi Mizutani 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2011,39(2):128-135

Removal of natural free estrogens and estrogen conjugates in a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was investigated and analyzed by GC‐MS, in which estrogen conjugates were first transformed to their corresponding free estrogens with an acid solvolysis procedure before their analysis. Natural free estrogens, E1‐3‐sulfate (E1‐3S), and E3‐3‐sulfate (E3‐3S) were detected with high concentrations in both the influent and effluent of the primary settling tank (PS), while no estrogen glucuronides were detected in any of the monitored wastewater samples. Regarding their removal efficiencies, all were almost completely removed, except for E1 with only a minor decrease. The estrogenic/androgenic removal of the same WWTP was also evaluated with estrogen receptor (androgen receptor) (ER (AR))‐binding assays, in which the removal efficiencies for E2 equivalents (EEQ) or testosterone equivalents (TEQ) were 68.5 and 72.2%. In addition, the chemically calculated EEQ from natural estrogens were about 20.6–39.3% that of the ER‐binding assay, in which E3 contributed the biggest proportion in both the influent and PS, while the calculated value of E1 increased from only 6.7% in the influent to as high as 20.6% in the effluent.  相似文献   

迟缓爱德华氏菌胶体金快速检测试纸的研制     

辛志明 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,41(10):40-44

本研究用纳米胶体金颗粒标记抗迟缓爱德华氏菌(AL60306NA1)单克隆抗体3A7并制备金标垫,将抗迟缓爱德华氏菌(AL60306NA1)单克隆抗体4F11与羊抗鼠抗体作为捕获抗体包被硝酸纤维素膜,建立迟缓爱德华氏菌的胶体金免疫层析快速检测方法。经过对试纸条的特异性和灵敏度测定,结果表明:试纸条与嗜水气单胞菌、温和气单胞菌、豚鼠气单胞菌、海安气单胞菌、产碱假单胞菌、无乳链球菌、大肠埃希杆菌、哈维氏弧菌、鳗弧菌、创伤弧菌、副溶血弧菌、类志贺邻单胞菌、鲁氏不动杆菌等15种水产常见病原菌没有交叉反应,与迟缓爱德华氏菌特异性反应,检测灵敏度为1×105cfu.mL-1,检测所需时间低于20min。所制备的迟缓爱德华氏菌胶体金免疫层析检测试纸条具有快速、简便、特异性高和适应基层生产推广应用等优点。  相似文献   

Dust Activity in Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko from February 20 to April 20, 2003     

L. M. Lara  J. de León  J. Licandro  P. J. Gutiérrez 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2005,97(1-2):165-175

Broadband imaging of Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko has provided more data on the characterisation of the target of the ESA Rosetta Mission. The comet monitoring between r _h=2.37 and r _h=2.78 AU postperihelion shows a prominent dust coma which extends up to ≈ 25,000 km from the nucleus, and a long dust structure in approximately anti-tail direction, reaching at least 230,000 km, identified as a neck-line structure. The non-isotropic dust emission is detected from the structures in the inner coma, and it is reflected on the slope of linear fits of surface brightness profiles vs. cometocentric projected distance in log–log representation as m ≈ 0.83−0.941. Besides the long dust spike at position angle of 295°, the morphological study of the dust coma confirms the presence of two structures at position angles of 95 and 195° where the overabundance of dust can be as high as 50% at ρ ≤ 30,000 km. The A f ρ parameter derived from our R broadband data is 26.0 and 29.8 cm at r _h=2.37 and 2.48 AU postperihelion. The dust reflectivity S′(λ), a measurement of the dust colour, is 0.061±0.019, a rather neutral colour.  相似文献   

Nitrogen Sulfide In Comets Hyakutake (C/1996 B2) And Hale–Bopp (C/1995 O1)     

Canaves  Marcus V.  De Almeida  Amaury A.  Boice  Daniel C.  Sanzovo  Gilberto C. 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2002,90(1-4):335-347

The chemistry of both nitrogen and sulfur presents interesting problems in comets.In this paper, we use a model of cometary comae with gas-phase chemical kineticsand gas dynamics to predict molecular abundances in the inner coma region for twoof the brightest comets in the past 20 years, Hyakutake (C/1996 B2) and Hale–Bopp(C/1995 O1). In this progress report we concentrate on the gas-phase chemistry of thenitrogen sulfide (NS) radical at a heliocentric distance of 1 AU to study the abundanceof NS using a detailed photo and chemical reaction network with over 100 species andabout 1000 reactions. The results are compared with recent observations of CometHale–Bopp and reveal that conventional gas-phase reactions schemes do not produceNS in sufficient quantities to explain the observations. We plan to continue therefinement of the model to improve agreement with observational constraints.  相似文献   

彗木相撞中的波动     

陈道汉  包纲 《天文学报》2003,44(4):337-341

1994年7月18日至24日期间，彗星苏梅克-列维9(SL-9)的超过20块碎片与木星发生了相撞．哈勃空间望远镜(HST)拍摄到的图像揭示了木星大气对撞击的动力学响应．具有重要意义的是观测到5个撞击点周围的圆环，它们以450米／秒的常速度向外运动．环的圆形性表明它们是波．因为对于不同大小的撞击，波速是常量，可以推断出传播速度与爆炸能量无关．这意味着这些波动是线性波．评述现行理论所使用的3类候选波，亦即惯性引力波、声波和地震波，介绍的重点是前面两种．  相似文献   

Quasi-satellites of Jupiter     

Hiroshi Kinoshita  Hiroshi Nakai 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2007,98(3):181-189

Two asteroids 2001 QQ199 and 2004 AE9 and two comets P/LINEAR-Catalina and P/LINEAR are found to be quasi-satellites of Jupiter at present time. The Tisserand parameters of these four bodies lie between 2.3 and 2.5, which means two asteroids might be Jupiter family comets and will show a cometary’s activity in the near future.  相似文献   

The chemical constituents from red alga Gymnogongrus flabelliformis Harv.     

袁兆慧  韩丽君  苏华  史大永  孙杰  李帅  石建功 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2008,26(2):190-192

Eight compounds were isolated from red alga Gymnogongrus flabelliformis Harv. In normal phase silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography, reverse phase HPLC, and recrystallization. Based on MS and ID NMR spectroscopic data, their structures were determined as： stigmast-4-en-3-one （Ⅰ）, cholest-4-en-3-one （Ⅱ）, cholesterol （m）, uracil （Ⅳ）, uridine （V）, adenosine （Ⅵ）, succinic acid （Ⅶ）, and 5-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-pentyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-2-on （Ⅷ）. All of them were obtained from this species for the first time. Cytotoxicity of these compounds was screened using standard MTT method, but all the compounds were inactive （IC50 〉 10 μg/ml）.  相似文献   

Comparison of three analytical methods in the determination of gold in six Finnish gold ores, including a study on sample preparation and sampling     

R. Juvonen  E. Kontas 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1999,65(3):93

We used samples from six Finnish ore deposits to evaluate the efficiency of sample pretreatment procedures — crushing, splitting and grinding — and to compare three analytical methods based on the atomic absorption determination of gold following: (1) classical lead fire assay (FA); (2) the aqua regia leach (AR) followed by Hg coprecipitation of Au; and (3) the sodium cyanide (NaCN) leach. Sample size used for the method comparison is 20 g. The Au deposits and ore types were: Suurikuusikko and Osikonmäki, refractory ores in which Au is associated with arsenopyrite and pyrite; Pampalo and Kutemajärvi ores with metallic Au and Au tellurides; and Jokisivu and Pahtavaara ores containing coarse-grained metallic Au. After crushing, the samples were split into three parts, one of which was put aside into storage. Two splits were further divided into two subsamples which were ground to two grades of fineness (<0.03 and <0.06 mm). The four subsamples thus obtained were analysed for Au using the three analytical methods. Each determination was performed five times on each of the four subsamples. According to t-tests on the FA results of the two splits, crushing and splitting produced samples of equal Au content in all six cases. Grinding to a finer grain size gave a significant difference in Au results only for the Pahtavaara ore sample. If the FA results are assumed to represent 100% recovery of Au, we obtained greater than 95% recoveries for all but the Suurikuusikko sample (87% recovery) by the AR leach method. We also obtained recoveries of over 95% by the NaCN leach method for the Pampalo, Kutemajärvi and Pahtavaara samples, whereas recoveries for the other three samples varied between 73 to 92%. The AR leach was also performed on 1-g samples and the NaCN leach on 250-g samples. For three of the ore samples, decreasing sample size from 20 g to 1 g did not cause a significant difference in the variance of the Au results. Increasing the sample size from 20 g to 250 g significantly improves the representativity of only the Pahtavaara sample. For the Kutemajärvi, Pahtavaara and Jokisivu ores, a sample larger than 250 g is needed in order to obtain a precision equivalent to that for reference samples.  相似文献   

Chemical constituents of marine medicinal mangrove plant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sonneratia caseolaris</Emphasis>     

田敏卿  戴好富  李晓明  王斌贵 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2009,27(2):288-296

Twenty-four compounds including eight steroids (1–8), nine triterpenoids (9–16, 24), three flavonoids (20–22), and four benzenecarboxylic derivatives (17–19, 23) were isolated and identified from stems and twigs of medicinal mangrove plant Sonneratia caseolaris. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by extensive analysis of their spectroscopic data. Among these metabolites, compounds 1, 4–20 and 22–24 were isolated and identified for the first time from S. caseolaris. In the in vitro cytotoxic assay against SMMC-7721 human hepatoma cells, compound 21 (3′,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) exhibited significant activity with IC₅₀ 2.8 μg/mL, while oleanolic acid (14), 3,3′-di-O-methyl ether ellagic acid (18), and 3,3′,4-O-tri-O-methyl ether ellagic acid (19) showed weak activity. None of these compounds displayed significant antibacterial activites. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30770234); Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-YW-211-04); Department of Science and Technology of Shandong Province (No.2006GG2205023)  相似文献   

地质样品中铂族元素的分析测定方法   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

赵正  漆亮  黄智龙  许成 《地学前缘》2009,16(1):181

文中阐述并归纳了近年地质样品中铂族元素的分离、富集及测试方法方面的最新进展。铂族元素本身的超痕量性,要求实验过程中对空白值的控制,干扰元素的扣除和检测限的降低更为严格,同时要克服块金效应。文中对消解过程中常用的火试金法、酸溶、碱熔方法和卡洛斯管法(Carius tube),分离富集过程中的Te共沉淀和离子交换法,测试手段中的原子光谱法、中子活化法和等离子质谱法等方法的最新进展进行了总结。由于复杂的地质样品中PGE的浓度范围不一、赋存形式多样,要求在具体样品分析过程中灵活地搭配使用各种分离富集和检测方法,结合笔者所在实验室在实验过程中发现的问题,对各种不同类型地质样品中铂族元素的分离富集、样品处理及测定方法也进行了总结。  相似文献