An Ecological Compensation Mechanism based on the Green Productive Area of Cities     

YANG Yuanchuan  ZHANG Yukun  ZHENG Jie  HUANG Si  ZHAO Man  HONG Long 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2022,13(3):382-393

China's urban expansion, food security, and energy transition are in a critical situation. One solution is to tap into the green production potential of the built urban environment and explore new ways to save land space and alleviate ecological pressure through food and solar energy production. This paper differs from previous ecological compensation studies, which mostly focus on key ecological functional areas or fiscal compensation mechanisms, in that it innovatively establishes an ecological compensation mechanism within the urban space. In this paper, we propose the "green productive area" of cities as a way to measure the ecological carrying capacity improvement potential of cities from the perspective of urban ecology, and it is based on converting the green resource income of cities into the ecological footprint area they could save under the same conditions. First, a typological approach was used to establish a compensation strategy for green production. Second, a spatial inventory was taken of all elements of the built environment and an analysis of their green production potential was carried out. Finally, it was necessary to establish a unified accounting standard for the ecological land saving benefits of different green production options, which could be converted into green productive land area indicators. In the case of Xuefu Street in Nankai District, Tianjin, the available rooftops and idle land were used for green production, which supplemented the ecological carrying capacity provided by the natural land occupied by 12% of the buildings in the district.  相似文献   

Improving the inverse compensation method for real‐time hybrid simulation through a dual compensation scheme     

Cheng Chen  James M. Ricles 《地震工程与结构动力学》2009,38(10):1237-1255

Real‐time hybrid simulation combines experimental testing of physical substructure(s) and numerical simulation of analytical substructure(s), and thus enables the complete structural system to be considered during an experiment. Servo‐hydraulic actuators are typically used to apply the command displacements to the physical substructure(s). Inaccuracy and instability can occur during a real‐time hybrid simulation if the actuator delay due to servo‐hydraulic dynamics is not properly compensated. Inverse compensation is a means to negate actuator delay due to inherent servo‐hydraulic actuator dynamics during a real‐time hybrid simulation. The success of inverse compensation requires the use of a known accurate value for the actuator delay. The actual actuator delay however may not be known before the simulation. An estimation based on previous experience has to be used, possibly leading to inaccurate experimental results. This paper presents a dual compensation scheme to improve the performance of the inverse compensation method when an inaccurately estimated actuator delay is used in the method. The dual compensation scheme modifies the predicted displacement from the inverse compensation procedure using the actuator tracking error. Frequency response analysis shows that the dual compensation scheme enables the inverse compensation method to compensate for actuator delay over a range of frequencies when an inaccurately estimated actuator delay is utilized. Real‐time hybrid simulations of a single‐degree‐of‐freedom system with an elastomeric damper are conducted to experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of the dual compensation scheme. Exceptional experimental results are shown to be achieved using the dual compensation scheme without the knowledge of the actual actuator delay a priori. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Stringed vertical gravimetric gradient meter     

D. G. Taimazov 《Seismic Instruments》2009,45(1):115-118

A vertical gravimetric gradient meter is described that is presented by the author and uses large hydrostatic forces with metacenters dispersed along the vertical coordinate and a weak-loaded string converter for actuating on test object in opposite directions. The calculating accuracy of the gradiometer is about ±0.10 E. The possibility of using the gradient meter for precision gravimetric experiments is shown.  相似文献   

双轴倾角传感器在钻孔测斜仪中测量算法的校正     

薛琴 《煤田地质与勘探》2007,35(6):70-73

将芬兰VTI公司生产的SCA100T双轴倾角传感器应用于钻孔测斜仪,其体积小,能提高倾角测量的稳定性和精度。双轴倾角传感器测量角度会引起算法校正问题,采用测得的标定数据得出倾角值的回归模型,测量倾角的实验结果和推算结果存在一定的误差,通过应用误差补偿方法来减小实际测量误差。理论分析和仿真计算表明,采用此法补偿后得到的均方差最大为0.15258,而没有补偿的结果最大均方差为4.81104。   相似文献   

Linear Time-Invariant Compensation of Cup Anemometer and Vane Inertia     

Tihomir S. Hristov  Scott D. Miller  Carl A. Friehe 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2000,97(2):293-307

We propose a method to compensate for the phase lag and the amplitudeattenuation in the cup anemometer signal. These two effects, caused by theinstrument's inertia, are the major flaws of the cup anemometer in additionto over-speeding. Since the instrument's response is invariant in wavenumber (not frequency) representation, we transform the signals to becompensated from the time domain to the spatial domain by using Taylor'shypothesis. In the spatial domain we apply a linear time-invariant filterto eliminate the phase lag and the amplitude attenuation. The proposedprocedure improves instrument performance down to spatial scales equal toor smaller than the distance constant of the anemometer. The method for cupanemometer compensation is presented in detail and later adapted for vanes.  相似文献   

结构主动控制系统时间滞后测量与补偿方法   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

田石柱  李暄  欧进萍 《地震工程与工程振动》2000,20(4):101-105

本文研究了结构主动控制系统时间滞后产生的原因,利用作者建立的结构主动控制系统进行了系统时间滞后测量方法的研究,测量得到了该系统时间滞后的具体数值,在此基础上,研究了时间滞后对控制系统的影响,提出了结构主动控制系统时间滞后的三种补偿,即移相法,泰勒级数展开法和预估状态向量法,通过主动控制试验证了时间滞后补偿方法的有效性。  相似文献   

Ar和H在矿物中的扩散补偿关系及其对扩散系数的预测   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵子福 《地学前缘》2000,7(2):367-380

对现有实验扩散数据的检查发现 ,Ar和H两种元素在不同矿物中分别存在着扩散补偿关系。孔隙度作为矿物内部离子堆积密度的一种量度 ,它与Ar和H的扩散活化能之间存在负的线性相关性 ,因而可以用于预测元素在矿物中的扩散系数。文中采用离子孔隙度法预测了Ar和H在不同矿物中的扩散系数 ,得到的结果与已有的实验数据在实验误差范围内是一致的。由于扩散补偿效应 ,同一物质在不同矿物中的扩散速率在特定温度下趋于汇聚 ,Ar扩散的转折温度为 (86 0± 10 0 )℃ ,H扩散的转折温度为 (330± 50 )℃。这为地质过程中Ar和H扩散的封闭温度提供了一种借鉴 ,因此伴随Ar扩散的地质时钟在低于 86 0℃时才开始启动 ,共存矿物间的氢同位素地质温度计仅当温度低于 330℃时才是有效的。  相似文献   

浏阳河流域生态补偿标准额度动态估算     

王明宽  舒清海  莫宏伟  刘娣 《地理空间信息》2021,19(1):125-127,130

生态补偿标准是生态补偿研究发展的关键问题,特别是以定量的方式量化补偿金额.以浏阳河流域为研究区,提出了基于单位面积价值当量因子的生态服务功能价值评估法.该方法利用GIS技术对研究区生态服务功能价值进行动态评估,并将皮尔生长曲线模型和表征社会经济发展水平的恩格尔系数相结合计算生态补偿系数,最终构建得到单位面积生态补偿标准...  相似文献   

Relationship of Stakeholders in Protected Areas and Tourism Ecological Compensation: A Case Study of Sanya Coral Reef National Nature Reserve in China     

CHEN Haiying  HE Linsi  LI Peng  ZENG Xiaohong  YOU Changjiang 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2018,9(2):164-173

The first step to defining the rights, responsibilities and interests of stakeholders and constructing a compensation mechanism is to identify the stakeholders and clarify their mutual relationships. Nature reserves are complex ecosystems involving nature, the economy and society. There exists a conflict between the public welfare benefits of ecological conservation and the private gains to be realized from social and economic development. There also exist in a nature reserve complex relationships among stakeholders, involving the utilization of ecological resources, ecological conservation and ecological-economic interests. The introduction of tourism brings substantial changes to the existing stakeholder benefit structure in a nature reserve. The implementation of tourism ecological compensation (tourism payment for ecological service) is a process for redefining the distribution of rights, responsibilities and profits among stakeholders and it is also an essential way to balance the interests of the stakeholders. This paper uses a case study of Sanya Coral Reef National Nature Reserve in China to examine the characteristics of stakeholders and analyze their interests. According to the method for defining basic attributes proposed by Mitchel and other scholars, in cases of tourism ecological compensation, stakeholders can be classified as definitive stakeholders, expectant stakeholders and latent stakeholders. This paper applies these classifications and then analyzes the relationships between the rights and responsibilities of these stakeholders and how these change after the implementation of compensation. Additionally, based on the impact compensation has on different stakeholders, changes in the relationships can be analyzed and the structure of the stakeholders can be modelled. This case study of the Sanya Coral Reef National Nature Reserve illustrates the operationalization of a new mechanism for tourism ecological compensation. The paper illustrates a method for coordinating the relationships among the stakeholders involved with this national-level nature reserve.  相似文献   

Dimensions and architecture of late Pleistocene submarine lobes off the northern margin of East Corsica   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

MARK E. DEPTUCK  DAVID J. W. PIPER  BRUNO SAVOYE  ANNE GERVAIS‡ 《Sedimentology》2008,55(4):869-898

Sandy lobe deposits on submarine fans are sensitive recorders of the types of sediment gravity flows supplied to a basin and are economically important as hydrocarbon reservoirs. This study investigates the causes of variability in 20 lobes in small late Pleistocene submarine fans off East Corsica. These lobes were imaged using ultra‐high resolution boomer seismic profiles (<1 m vertical resolution) and sediment type was ground truthed using piston cores published in previous studies. Repeated crossings of the same depositional bodies were used to measure spatial changes in their dimensions and architecture. Most lobes increase abruptly down‐slope to a peak thickness of 8 to 42 m, beyond which they show a progressive, typically more gradual, decrease in thickness until they thin to below seismic resolution or pass into draping facies of the basin plain. Lobe areas range from 3 to 70 km² and total lengths from 2 to 14 km, with the locus of maximum sediment accumulation from 3 to 28 km from the shelf‐break. Based on their location, dimensions, internal architecture and nature of the feeder channel, the lobes are divided into two end‐member types. The first are small depositional bodies located in proximal settings, clustered near the toe‐of‐slope and fed by slope gullies or erosive channels lacking or with poorly developed levées (referred to as ‘proximal isolated lobes’). The second are larger architecturally more complex depositional bodies deposited in more distal settings, outboard more stable and longer‐lived levéed fan valleys (referred to as ‘composite mid‐fan lobes’). Hybrid lobe types are also observed. At least three hierarchical levels of compensation stacking are recognized. Individual beds and bed‐sets stack to form lobe‐elements; lobe‐elements stack to form composite lobes; and composite lobes stack to form lobe complexes. Differences in the size, shape and architectural complexity of lobe deposits reflect several inter‐related factors including: (i) flow properties (volume, duration, grain‐size, concentration and velocity); (ii) the number and frequency of flows, and their degree of variation through time; (iii) gradient change and sea floor morphology at the mouth of the feeder conduit; (iv) lobe lifespan prior to avulsion or abandonment; and (v) feeder channel geometry and stability. In general, lobes outboard stable fan valleys that are connected to shelf‐incised canyons are wider, longer and thicker, accumulate in more basinal locations and are architecturally more complex.  相似文献