Geospatial Agents, Agents Everywhere . . .   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Raja Sengupta  Renée Sieber 《Transactions in GIS》2007,11(4):483-506

The use of the related terms “agent‐based”, “multi‐agent”, “software agent” and “intelligent agent” have witnessed significant growth in the Geographic Information Science (GIScience) literature in the past decade. These terms usually refer to both artificial life agents that simulate human and animal behavior and software agents that support human‐computer interactions. In this article we first comprehensively review both types of agents. Then we argue that both these categories of agents borrow from Artificial Intelligence (AI) research, requiring them to share the characteristics of and be similar to AI agents. We also argue that geospatial agents form a distinct category of AI agents because they are explicit about geography and geographic data models. Our overall goal is to first capture the diversity of, and then define and categorize GIScience agent research into geospatial agents, thereby capturing the diversity of agent‐oriented architectures and applications that have been developed in the recent past to present a holistic review of geospatial agents.  相似文献   

一种基于微博签到数据的城市功能区复合程度探究方法     

康磊  刘海砚  陈晓慧  李静  李佳 《测绘与空间地理信息》2021,44(4):38-40

城市功能区复合程度是城市发展规划、评价城市区域发展均衡性的重要参考。本文以深圳市为研究对象,首先,划分渔网单元与微博签到数据求交计算样方单元各类签到数据比例。其次,采用香农熵对复合程度进行定量化描述并连接渔网赋予属性值。最后,基于Arc GIS由粗至细进行可视化呈现和分析。结果表明,提出的方法能够有效地表示城市功能区的复合情况,具有较强的可操作性。  相似文献   

使用克里金插值法进行CGCS2000到海南地方坐标系的转换     

张梁  林韬  汪庆锋 《测绘与空间地理信息》2014,(9):219-222

在工程施工中,通常使用的是地方独立坐标系,各类工程施工图、成果图都要求使用地方平面坐标。如何实现GPS测量坐标到地方坐标的转换,一直是工程施工中的热点问题。本文介绍了从GPS定位坐标至平面坐标的两种转换模型,其中坐标网格法采用格网内插,算法设计简单,计算复杂度低,但精度会受内插网点的影响。在海南岛范围内精度较高,但沿海区域因无差值节点,需将格网外推。克里金内插法计算复杂度较高,但利用变形区域附近的点内插出畸变趋势,转换效果较好。通过对全岛范围约200个静态GPS点位、水准点位的转换结果进行比较,克里金转换算法可以满足一般工程测量的要求。  相似文献   

Fault architecture and deformation mechanisms in exhumed analogues of seismogenic carbonate-bearing thrusts     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2013

Faults in carbonates are well known sources of upper crustal seismicity throughout the world. In the outer sector of the Northern Apennines, ancient carbonate-bearing thrusts are exposed at the surface and represent analogues of structures generating seismicity at depth. We describe the geometry, internal structure and deformation mechanisms of three large-displacement thrusts from the km scale to the microscale. Fault architecture and deformation mechanisms are all influenced by the lithology of faulted rocks. Where thrusts cut across bedded or marly limestones, fault zones are thick (tens of metres) and display foliated rocks (S-CC′ tectonites and/or YPR cataclasites) characterized by intense pressure-solution deformation. In massive limestones, faulting occurs in localized, narrow zones that exhibit abundant brittle deformation. A general model for a heterogeneous, carbonate-bearing thrust is proposed and discussed. Fault structure, affected by stratigraphic heterogeneity and inherited structures, influences the location of geometrical asperities and fault strain rates. The presence of clay minerals and the strain rate experienced by fault rocks modulate the shifting from cataclasis-dominated towards pressure-solution-dominated deformation. Resulting structural heterogeneity of these faults may mirror their mechanical and seismic behaviour: we suggest that seismic asperities are located at the boundaries of massive limestones in narrow zones of localized slip whereas weak shear zones constitute slowly slipping portions of the fault, reflecting other types of “aseismic” behaviour.  相似文献   

Perceptual complexity of soil-landscape maps: a user evaluation of color organization in legend designs using eye tracking   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(6):560-581

ABSTRACT

We compared the ability of two legend designs on a soil-landscape map to efficiently and effectively support map reading tasks with the goal of better understanding how the design choices affect user performance. Developing such knowledge is essential to design effective interfaces for digital earth systems. One of the two legends contained an alphabetical ordering of categories, while the other used a perceptual grouping based on the Munsell color space. We tested the two legends for 4 tasks with 20 experts (in geography-related domains). We analyzed traditional usability metrics and participants’ eye movements to identify the possible reasons behind their success and failure in the experimental tasks. Surprisingly, an overwhelming majority of the participants failed to arrive at the correct responses for two of the four tasks, irrespective of the legend design. Furthermore, participants’ prior knowledge of soils and map interpretation abilities led to interesting performance differences between the two legend types. We discuss how participant background might have played a role in performance and why some tasks were particularly hard to solve despite participants’ relatively high levels of experience in map reading. Based on our observations, we caution soil cartographers to be aware of the perceptual complexity of soil-landscape maps.  相似文献   

Linking landscape morphological complexity and sediment connectivity   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Jantiene E. M. Baartman  Rens Masselink  Saskia D. Keesstra  Arnaud J. A. M. Temme 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2013,38(12):1457-1471

Connectivity relates to the coupling of landforms (e.g. hillslopes and channels) and the transfer of water and sediment between them. The degree to which parts of a catchment are connected depends largely on the morphological complexity of the catchment's landscape. Landscapes can have very different and distinct morphologies, such as terraces, V‐shaped valleys or broad floodplains. The objective of this study is to better understand and quantify the relation between landscape complexity and catchment connectivity. We hypothesize that connectivity decreases with increasing landscape morphological complexity. To quantify the connectivity–complexity relationship virtual digital elevation models (DEMs) with distinct morphologies were used as inputs into the landscape evolution model LAPSUS to simulate the sediment connectivity of each landscape. Additionally, the hypothesis was tested on six common real DEMs with widely different morphologies. Finally, the effects of different rainfall time series on catchment response were explored. Simulation results confirm the hypothesis and quantify the non‐linear relation. Results from the exploration of sediment connectivity in response to sequences of rainfall events indicate that feedback between erosion and deposition are more important for certain landscape morphologies than for others: for a given rainfall input, a more effective sediment connectivity and erosion response may be expected from rolling or V‐shaped catchments than from dissected or stepped landscapes. Awareness of the differences in the behaviour and response of different morphologies to catchment processes provides valuable information for the effective management of landscapes and ecosystems through efficiently designed soil and water conservation measures. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

粤港澳大湾区技术创新特征及其演化路径     

杨静銮  王姣娥  刘卫东 《地理科学进展》2022,41(9):1566-1578

粤港澳大湾区定位为具有全球影响力的国际科技创新中心,其技术创新活动深刻影响中国参与全球技术创新的竞争和合作。论文基于演化经济地理学的技术(知识)异质性视角,使用包括申请人地址和专利分类号的2001—2016年粤港澳大湾区授权发明专利数据,通过运用分布拟合、技术空间可视化和Logit回归模型等方法,对其技术创新特征及其路径演化进行深入剖析。研究结果表明：① 粤港澳大湾区的技术创新类别呈现幂律分布,集中在电通信及计算等少数技术类别,存在马太效应,技术的路径依赖较强。技术创新的跨产业“产品—零部件/软件—新产品(新产业)”和产业链上游“产品—零部件—基础材料”的关联拓展带动了区域的产业升级。② 粤港澳大湾区各城市的技术演化路径存在较大差异,深圳在专注核心技术的同时,进行相关多样化;广州从其强势的医学转向电通信及计算技术,进行非相关多样化。粤港澳大湾区的区域创新趋于同质,未来需要进一步促进城市间创新协同。对比现有文献,论文提出技术创新路径受到所在区域技术创新特征的强烈影响,当前全球—地方(城市)视角研究需要加入区域尺度。  相似文献   

Computational complexity of spatial reasoning with directional relationship     

Mao Jianhua  Guo Qingsheng  Wang Tao 《地球空间信息科学学报》2013,16(3):53-57

The property of NP-completeness of topologic spatial reasoning problem has been proved. According to the similarity of uncertainty with topologic spatial reasoning, the problem of directional spatial reasoning should be also an NP-complete problem. The proof for the property of NP-completeness in directional spatial reasoning problem is based on two important transformations. After these transformations, a spatial configuration has been constructed based on directional constraints, and the property of NP-completeness in directional spatial reasoning has been proved with the help of the consistency of the constraints in the configuration.  相似文献   

Wholeness as a hierarchical graph to capture the nature of space     

Bin Jiang 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(9):1632-1648

According to Christopher Alexander’s theory of centers, a whole comprises numerous, recursively defined centers for things or spaces surrounding us. Wholeness is a type of global structure or life-giving order emerging from the whole as a field of the centers. The wholeness is an essential part of any complex system and exists, to some degree or other, in spaces. This paper defines wholeness as a hierarchical graph, in which individual centers are represented as the nodes and their relationships as the directed links. The hierarchical graph gets its name from the inherent scaling hierarchy revealed by the head/tail breaks, which is a classification scheme and visualization tool for data with a heavy-tailed distribution. We suggest that (1) the degrees of wholeness for individual centers should be measured by PageRank (PR) scores based on the notion that high-degree-of-life centers are those to which many high-degree-of-life centers point, and (2) that the hierarchical levels, or the ht-index of the PR scores induced by the head/tail breaks, can characterize the degree of wholeness for the whole: the higher the ht-index, the more life or wholeness in the whole. Three case studies applied to the Alhambra building complex and the street networks of Manhattan and Sweden illustrate that the defined wholeness captures fairly well human intuitions on the degree of life for the geographic spaces. We further suggest that the mathematical model of wholeness be an important model of geographic representation, because it is topological oriented, which enables us to see the underlying scaling structure. The model can guide geodesign, which should be considered as the wholeness-extending transformations that are essentially like the unfolding processes of seeds or embryos, for creating built and natural environments of beauty or with a high degree of wholeness.  相似文献   

Physical habitat and social conditions across a coral reef shape spatial patterns of intraspecific behavioral variation in a demersal fish     

Kaitlin M. Johnson  Sean C. Lema 《Marine Ecology》2012,33(2):149-164

As coral reef ecosystems decline in health worldwide, reef‐associated fishes are being impacted by changes to their coral reef habitats. While previous studies have shown coral reef structure to affect the demography of reef fishes, changes in reef conditions may also impact the behavior of reef fishes as they cope with altered habitats. In this study, we examined spatial patterns of intraspecific behavioral variation in the bicolor damselfish (Stegastes partitus) across the fringing reefs of Curaçao (Caribbean Sea), and explored how this behavioral variation associated with physical and social conditions on the reef. Principal components analysis (PCA) condensed physical parameters of the reef into principal component 1 (PC1), comprising depth, coral cover (%), rugosity, and average hole size (cm²), and principal component 2 (PC2), which represented the number of holes. PC1, but not PC2, increased spatially across the reef as the habitat transitioned from coral rubble in the shallows to live coral on the reef slope. This transition in reef structure was paralleled by changes in social conditions including decreases in bicolor damselfish density in habitats with higher PC1 values. The behavior of bicolor damselfish also varied spatially with greater aggression and more frequent shelter use in habitats with lower PC1 values. Path analysis revealed robust associations between this behavioral variation and physical habitat conditions of the reef, indicating that physical – rather than social – habitat variation is the primary determinant of these spatial patterns of intraspecific behavioral variation. Taken as a whole, this coupling between physical reef structure and behavior suggests that reef fish may show altered behaviors on coral reefs degraded by anthropogenic impacts.  相似文献