The conductivity of the crust and mantle beneath the Kapuskasing Uplift: electrical anisotropy in the upper mantle   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R. D. Kurtz  J. A. Craven  E. R. Niblett  R. A. Stevens 《Geophysical Journal International》1993,113(2):483-498

  相似文献   

Study of the crust and mantle using magnetic surveys by Magsat and other satellites     

Robert A. Langel 《Journal of Earth System Science》1990,99(4):581-618

Among the first measurements made from near-Earth orbiting satellites were measurements of the magnetic field. The sources of that field lie both within the Earth, in its core and crust, and in the surrounding ionosphere and magnetosphere. This article summarizes some of the methodology and results for studies of the Earth’s mantle and crust. Mantle conductivity studies can be made either by studying signals impressed on the Earth from outside, e.g., the ionosphere or magnetosphere, or by studying signals originating in the core and transmitted through the mantle. Crustal field studies begin with a careful selection of the data and subsequent removal of core and external fields by some sort of filtering. Average maps from different local times sometimes differ, presumably due to the remaining presence of fields of external origin. Several techniques for further filtering are discussed. Where large-area aeromagnetic maps are available, crustal maps derived from satellite data can be compared with upward continued data. In general, the comparisons show agreement, with some differences, particularly in and near the auroral belts. The satellite data are further reduced by various methods of inverse and forward modelling, sometimes including reduction to the pole (RTP). These techniques are generally unstable at the equator. Common methods of stabilizing the inversions include principle components analysis and ridge regression. Because of the presence of the core field, the entire crustal contribution from the field is not known. Also, there is a basic nonuniqueness to the inverse solutions. Nevertheless, magnetizations that are interpretable can be derived.  相似文献   

The hydrological response of soil surfaces to rainfall as affected by cover and position of rock fragments in the top layer   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J. Poesen  F. Ingelmo-Sanchez  H. Mucher 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1990,15(7):653-671

Rainfall experiments have been conducted in the laboratory in order to assess the hydrological response of top soils very susceptible to surface sealing and containing rock fragments in different positions with respect to the soil surface. For a given cover level, rock fragment position in the top soil has an ambivalent effect on water intake and runoff generation. Compared to a bare soil surface rock fragments increase water intake rates as well as time of runoff concentration and decrease runoff volume if they rest on the soil surface. For the same cover level, rock fragments reduce infiltration rate and enhance runoff generation if they are well embedded in the top layer. The effects of rock fragment position on infiltration rate and runoff generation are proportional to cover percentage. Micromorphological analysis and measurements of the saturated hydraulic conductivity of bare top soils and of the top layer underneath rock fragments resting on the soil surface reveal significant differences supporting the mechanism proposed by Poesen (1986): i.e. runoff generated as rock flow or as Horton overland flow can (partly) infiltrate into the unsealed soil surface under the rock fragments, provided that they are not completely embedded in the top layer. Hence, rock fragment position, beside other rock fragment properties, should be taken into account when assessing the hydrological response of soils susceptible to surface sealing and containing rock fragments in their surface layers. A simple model, based on the proportions of bare soil surface, soil surface occupied by embedded rock fragments, and soil surface covered with rock fragments resting on the soil surface, describes the runoff coefficient data relatively well.  相似文献   

离子色谱—双电导法同时测定水样中多种阴离子的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

吕伟  徐魁安 《岩矿测试》1991,10(1):25-29

本文在Dionex2020i离子色谱仪上,选用0.61×10~(-3)mol/L NaHCO_3-1.61×10~(-3)mol/LNa_2CO_3水溶液作淋洗液,在HPIC-AS4A阴离子分离柱上分离痕量F~-、NO_2~-、Br~-和较高浓度的Cl~-、NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-);选用2.0×10~(-3)mol/L TBAOH-6％CH_3CN水溶液作淋洗液,在MPIC-NS1分离柱上分离痕量F~-、Br~-和较高浓度的Cl~-,然后用串联双电导检测器的不同输出范围分别同时定量测定。本法特别适用于相邻两种离子浓度相差较大,前面高含量的离子对后面痕量离子测定有干扰的样品。用本文拟定的HPIC方法测定除铬后的地下水样中多种阴离子的结果与文献值吻合。  相似文献   

Temperature dependence of thermal conductivity and its impact on assessments of heat flux     

I. Lerche 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1991,136(2-3):191-200

The variability of sedimentary thermal conductivities with increasing temperature are explored for their impact on estimates of present-day heat flux and subsurface temperature gradient. For sand thicknesses less than about 10–20 km, or shale thicknesses less than about 40–80 km, the subsurface temperature is closely linearly proportional to the thermal resistance integral obtained in the absence of the temperature dependence of thermal conductivity. Estimates of heat flux should be increased (decreased) by about 5% for sands and decreased by about 1% for shales. For salt, because of the much shorter temperature range over which its thermal conductivity decreases, effects produced by the temperature dependence are more noticeable: heat flux should be increased by around 13%, salt thicknesses in excess of 5 km will yield major (around 30–100°C) changes in their temperature regimes solely as a consequence of the temperature-dependent thermal conductivity, and the linear increase of temperature with increasing thermal resistance is not an adequate approximation but has to be replaced with a more exact exponential increase.The impact of the variations, particularly in the case of salt, for geologic processes is briefly considered.  相似文献   

垂向电导度的测量及在水位异常判别中的作用     

吕惠琴  黄振义 《华北地震科学》1994,12(2):60-65

为剖析咸水进水位异常，我们对位于唐山地震区附近的双桥１号井，双桥２号井及东台子井进行了多次井内垂向电导度的测量。在１９９１年１０月５日宁河ＭＬ４．６级地震及１９９２年７月２２日宁河ＭＬ４．９级地震前井下水电导度特别是含水层部位水电导度都曾出现过高值异常，这对于判别不异常是由于咸水层压力变化还是外来水的侵入是一种行之有效的简便的监测方法。  相似文献   

Sq外源和内源电流体系的经度效应和UT变化   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

徐文耀  李卫东 《地球物理学报》1994,37(4):440-447

根据ＩＧＹ／ＩＧＣ期间全球地磁台网以及中国地磁台站的资料，计算出每－ＵＴ小时的Ｓ_ｑ外源和内源电流体系．对Ｓ_ｑ电流体系ＵＴ变化和经度效应的分析研究表明，Ｓ_ｑ外源电流体系的空间图案没有显著的ＵＴ变化，电流涡焦点的地理纬度与磁赤道有密切关系，其变化范围，北半球为２５°－３５°Ｎ，南半球为３０°－４２．５°Ｓ．外源电流总强度的平均值为２２９ｋＡ（北半球）和１７３ｋＡ（南半球），其变化范围为±５０ｋＡ（北半球）和±４０ｋＡ（南半球）．Ｓ_ｑ内源电流体系的图案和强度有显著的ＵＴ变化，电流体系焦点纬度有类似于外源电流系的变化．在大西洋、印度洋、北太平洋地区，内源电流体系的总强度明显小于大陆地区的内源电流强度，表明这些大洋地区上地幔电导率低于大陆地区．  相似文献   

氧化镍、二氧化钛高压相变及电导率压力效应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

熊大和  刘顺 《地球物理学报》1994,37(1):120-123

采用金刚石对顶砧压腔静高压技术，对氧化镍、二氧化钛在０-３２ＧＰａ压力范围内的电导率进行了测量．结果表明，电导率－压力关系曲线上的一些特征点与同一物质的高压相交点具有一致性．  相似文献   

转矩转速传感器及其在钻机功率测试中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

彭忍社 《探矿工程》1994,(1):51-52,54

介绍了一种用于钻机功率测试的转矩转速传感器，论述了该类传感器的基本工作原理、标定装置、校验方法以及测试系统的组成等问题。  相似文献   

Anomalous induction across Europe   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Oldřich Praus  Jana Pěčová 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1995,39(3):286-288

Summary Using real induction vector data, collected at 958 European observation sites, together with our data from the Bohemian Massif and the West Carpathians, we have generated a contour map of the transfer function TF1 (corresponding to transfer function A in Wiese's relation). Only the zero contour is retained and shown on the map. It clearly marks the main anomalous induction zones, related to internal structural inhomogeneities, across Europe.  相似文献