克拉玛依油田二厂八区套管破损机制研究     

高先超  张新荣  方石  袁述武  张冠杰  沈伟  张雷 《世界地质》2018,37(2):567-578

克拉玛依油田二厂八区井区经过长期开采出现了大量的套管破损问题。对套管破损位置进行总结归纳发现,套管破损主要存在于白垩系吐谷鲁群、侏罗系齐古组、二叠系乌尔禾组等地层中。对研究区连井进行地层对比、地震数据体进行波阻抗反演和砂体分析,发现研究区内白垩系吐谷鲁群和侏罗系齐古组的砂体十分发育,广泛存在于整套地层中。砂体中流体的渗流作用对套管的腐蚀为套管破损的主要因素。泥岩吸水蠕变膨胀、油层出砂和固井质量不合格为套管破损的其他因素。  相似文献   

Condensation water in heritage touristic caves: Isotopic and hydrochemical data and a new approach for its quantification through image analysis     

Cristina Liñán  José Benavente  Yolanda del Rosal  Iñaki Vadillo  Lucía Ojeda  Francisco Carrasco 《水文研究》2021,35(5):e14083

Condensation water is a major factor in the conservation of heritage caves. It can cause dissolution of the rock substrate (and the pigments of rock art drawn on it) or covering thereof with mineral components, depending on the chemical saturation degree of the condensation water. In show caves, visitors act as a source of CO₂ and thus modify the microclimate, favouring negative processes that affect the conservation of the caves. In spite of their interest, studies of the chemical composition of this type of water are scarce and not very detailed. In this work we present research on the condensation water in the Nerja Cave, one of the main heritage and tourist caves in Europe. The joint analysis of isotopic, hydrochemical, mineralogical and microbiological data and the use of image analysis have allowed us to advance in the knowledge of this risk factor for the conservation of heritage caves, and to demonstrate the usefulness of image analysis to quantify the scope of the possible corrosion condensation process that the condensation water could be producing on the bedrock, speleothem and rock art. To our knowledge, this application of image analysis (relative to the condensation water in caves) is the first one of this type that has been documented.  相似文献   

Long‐term seismic performance of reinforced concrete bridges under steel reinforcement corrosion due to chloride attack     

Yu‐Chen Ou  Hong‐Da Fan  Nguyen Dang Nguyen 《地震工程与结构动力学》2013,42(14):2113-2127

This work presents a new seismic evaluation methodology for corroded reinforced concrete bridges on the basis of nonlinear static pushover analysis. Corrosion of steel reinforcement by chloride attack is considered. At the material level, the effects of corrosion are considered by modeling the degradation of the mechanical properties of steel reinforcement, softening of cover concrete under compression, degradation of core concrete due to confinement steel corrosion, and reduction of bond strength between concrete and steel reinforcement. At the structural level, the effects of corrosion on both flexural behavior and shear behavior, and their interaction are considered. Eleven bridges of various structural types in Taiwan that are located within 6.5 km of their nearest coastline are analyzed to identify their long‐term seismic performance. Relationships between the yield and collapse peak ground accelerations (PGAs), and service time and corrosion level are established for each bridge. Analysis results show that chloride corrosion starts in 2–32 years. The transverse steel reinforcement typically starts corroding before the longitudinal steel reinforcement, as the former has a thicker cover. Research results show that collapse PGA reduces by 0.94% or 1.23% per 10 years when the mean value plus 1 or 2 standard deviation of the collapse PGA values are considered, respectively. Therefore, we suggest increasing the design PGA from 4.70% to 6.15% for a bridge adjacent to a coastline to ensure adequate long‐term seismic performance for 50 years, the typical design life span of a regular bridge. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

含腐蚀缺陷高强钢厚壁管道压溃压力预测方法     

陈严飞  蒋智明  侯富恒  冯玮  吴祖明  王春莎 《海洋工程》2022,40(3):32-39

腐蚀是管道常见的缺陷形式之一,会极大降低管道的压溃压力,同时深海环境下高静水外压易引发管道压溃失效,威胁管道的安全运行,因此准确预测管道压溃压力显得尤为重要。采用数值模拟方法研究了含腐蚀缺陷的高强钢厚壁管道压溃失效模式,分析了管材、管道径厚比、腐蚀深度、长度和宽度等参数对高强钢厚壁管道压溃压力的影响规律。分析结果表明:管道径厚比愈大,对厚壁管道的承压能力提升愈显著;腐蚀缺陷的存在对管道压溃压力具有减小作用;随着管道材料等级的提升,压溃压力有明显提高。提出了相应的压溃压力预测公式,为厚壁管道完整性评价提供了参考依据。  相似文献   

八所港矿砂码头混凝土腐蚀现状分析     

陈环  齐中华  房靖超  汪峻峰 《海洋工程》2015,33(3):113-119

针对海南八所港矿砂码头服役近30年的混凝土梁、柱和70年的甬道等结构腐蚀状况进行现场调研,发现钢筋混凝土结构出现钢筋锈蚀、混凝土剥落,部分混凝土严重破损。测量了其混凝土梁、柱、甬道等不同位置混凝土和铁锈中氯离子含量,分析了局部环境对氯离子分布的影响。根据调研结果总结分析了其破损原因。结果表明混凝土中氯离子分布呈现规律性变化,且铁锈中的氯离子含量远小于混凝土中氯离子含量。  相似文献   

酸碱环境对水泥土抗剪强度影响的试验研究     

陈四利  张精禹  史建军  黄杰  孟晋 《冰川冻土》2016,38(4):982-987

以水泥土处于复杂环境中的安全性和耐久性为研究背景,对酸碱环境下水泥土进行了固结不排水剪切试验,得到了水泥土应力偏差（σ₁-σ₃）与轴向应变（ε）关系曲线和抗剪强度指标,研究了酸碱度对水泥土抗剪强度的影响.试验结果表明,随着围压、水泥掺量、pH值的增加,水泥土的抗剪强度逐步增加;水泥土的黏聚力、内摩擦角随着水泥掺量及酸碱度pH值的增大而逐渐增加;得到了不同酸碱度环境下水泥土的抗剪强度方程.其研究结果对在水泥土工程中的安全性和耐久性设计具有一定的指导意义和参考价值.  相似文献   

塔中Ⅰ号断裂坡折带上奥陶统碳酸盐岩储层微观孔隙成因     

周波  邱海峻  段书府  李启明  邬光辉 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2013,43(2):351-359

塔中Ⅰ号断裂坡折带上奥陶统良里塔格组碳酸盐岩储集空间类型主要有孔、洞、缝三大类,微观储集空间主要有粒内溶孔、铸模孔、粒间溶孔、晶间溶孔和微裂缝。通过对台地边缘16口井的良里塔格组灰岩进行岩石薄片鉴定、胶结物地球化学分析以及成岩演化序列研究,指出微观孔隙主要形成于埋藏成岩环境中,并列出4项具有指示意义的证据,包括：方解石胶结物中高温包裹体普遍存在;方解石胶结物稳定氧碳同位素丰度分异特征;灰岩中丰富与优质储层伴生的指示埋藏成岩作用的白云石;广泛分布的H₂S气体。此外,分析了溶蚀性流体的主要组分和不同区域埋藏溶蚀作用强度的差异性。  相似文献   

Cyclic performance of large‐scale corroded reinforced concrete beams     

Yu‐Chen Ou  Li‐Lan Tsai  Hou‐Heng Chen 《地震工程与结构动力学》2012,41(4):593-604

Nine large‐scale beam specimens were constructed. Of which, one was used as the control, whereas the other eight ones were divided into four sets. Each set had two specimens and was subjected to accelerated corrosion using an imposed current for the same time interval. Following the corrosion, a specimen in each set was tested using cyclic loading to examine the seismic performance, whereas the other one was demolished to examine the extent of corrosion. Cyclic loading results indicated that with an increasing corrosion level, the ultimate drift, ductility, plastic rotation capacity, and energy dissipation of the beams initially increased and later decreased. The failure mode switched from flexural failure, largely owing to buckling of the longitudinal reinforcement to flexural‐shear failure, which is mainly caused by fracturing of the transverse reinforcement. Corrosion increased shear deformation and the spread of plasticity of the plastic hinge region. The residual flexural strength, as estimated by an empirical equation based on the maximum pit depth in the longitudinal reinforcement, closely corresponds to experimental values. Furthermore, the residual shear strength estimated based on the minimum reduced cross‐sectional area of transverse reinforcement correlates better with the experimental observations than that based on the weight loss. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

三元复合驱采油污水阻垢缓蚀剂电化学分析     

张国成  谢欣 《东北石油大学学报》2012,(3):96-99,109,11

研制适用于三元复合驱采油污水工况条件下的MPM固体缓蚀阻垢剂,分析三元复合驱采油污水中MPM的电化学特性.结果表明:随着温度增加,20#钢在采油污水的腐蚀速率呈增加趋势,极化曲线显示钝化区表面材料在表面高温下处于钝化状态,产生的钝化膜能够降低腐蚀速度.在阻垢缓蚀剂质量浓度相同的情况下,不同温度的电化学阻抗谱在高频区出现容抗弧,显示优良的缓蚀性能.不同质量浓度MPM极化曲线表明,缓蚀率随MPM质量浓度的增加而增大,MPM极值质量浓度为80mg/L.污水体系中的Ca2+、Cl-对缓蚀率产生影响.MPM适用于高质量浓度Ca2+的三元复合驱采油污水处理.  相似文献   

酸污染红土物理性质的变化特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

伯桐震  黄英  石崇喜  王莹  冯欢 《水文地质工程地质》2012,39(2):111-115

考虑酸浓度和养护时间的影响,通过室内试验对比研究了酸污染红土的颗粒组成、比重和界限含水率等物理特性。研究结果表明:不洗盐、加分散剂,酸浓度较低时粉粒含量减小,酸浓度较高时粉粒含量增大;随养护时间延长,浓度较低时粉粒含量减小,浓度较高时粉粒含量先增后减;洗盐后粉粒含量减小,不加分散剂粉粒含量增大。酸污染红土的比重、液塑限与塑性指数随酸浓度的增大和养护时间的延长总体都呈减小的趋势。酸污染红土物理性质的变化可以从酸污染红土所存在的腐蚀、成盐和溶解三个阶段来解释。  相似文献