Relationship of Sediment-Biochemistry,Bacterial Morphology,and Activity to Geotechnical Properties in the Central Indian Basin     

Sonali Shyam Naik  N. H. Khadge  A. B. Valsangkar  Anindita Das  Christabelle E. G. Fernandes 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2016,34(1):21-32

Distribution of biochemical properties, morphological and functional characteristics of bacteria in the extreme sedimentary environment of the Central Indian Basin (CIB) was examined in relation to geotechnical properties and sediment texture. Interrelationships between these parameters in siliceous northern sediments were compared to southern pelagic clay to understand relationships and to appreciate mining implications. Clay impacted lipids negatively and silt positively in the south. Geotechnical properties had the opposite influence on the distribution of coccoidal and rod forms of bacteria. Rods were affected negatively by water content/porosity and positively by wet bulk density in the north suggesting their preference for deeper niches. Shear strength affected coccoidal distribution negatively in the south. Competition for labile substrates by coccoidal forms in the surface layers could also have restricted the rods to the deeper regions. Principal component analysis (PCA) further strengthened our inference that the distribution of rod forms increased with depth. Enzymatic properties of bacterial isolates also showed that the rods were able to degrade substrates like gelatin and DNA. These observations suggest that they are capable of degrading relatively more recalcitrant compounds in the deeper layers. The minor components, like the rod morphotypes and sand content, could wield a large influence on the variability of other parameters.  相似文献   

Restoration of Deep-Sea Macrofauna after Simulated Benthic Disturbance in the Central Indian Basin     

B. S. Ingole  S. Pavithran  Z. A. Ansari 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(4):267-288

ABSTRACT

Macrofaunal communities of the Central Indian Basin (CIB) were sampled with a spade before (June 1997), and immediately after (August 1997), and 44 months (April 2001) after a simulated benthic disturbance for polymetallic nodule mining. The average density recorded down to a sediment depth of 40 cm ranged from 89 to 799 ind·m^?2 (mean: 373 ± 221 SD; n = 12) and 178–1066 ind·m^?2 (mean: 507 ± 489 SD; n = 3) in the test and reference area, respectively. Most of the macrobenthic animals (64%) were concentrated in the upper 0 to 2 cm sediment layers, whereas, sizeable fauna (6%) inhabited the 20–40 cm sediment section and the deepest 5 cm section from 35–40 cm contributed only about 2% to the total population density. The fauna, comprised of 12 groups, were dominated by the nematodes, which constituted 54% of the total population. The macrofaunal density in the test site showed a significant increase (x:400 ind·m^?2) in the 44 months postdisturbance sampling (x:320 ind·m^?2). The population of nematodes and oligochaetes was nearly restored after 44 months, but the polychaetes and crustaceans did not reach the baseline populations measured in June 1997. The top 0–2 cm sediment layer was severely affected by the disturber, and the study suggests that physically disturbed deep-sea macrofauna may require a longer period for restoration and resettlement than normally believed.  相似文献   

Characteristics of Seafloor Morphology and Ferromanganese Nodule Occurrence in the Korea Deep-sea Environmental Study (KODES) Area,NE Equatorial Pacific     

Hoi-Soo Jung  Young-Tak Ko  Sang-Bum Chi  Jai-Woon Moon 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(3):167-180

Abstract

Seafloor morphology and ferromanganese nodule occurrence were studied using a multibeam side scan sonar (SeaBeam, 2000) and a deep-sea camera system in the Korea Deep-sea Environmental Study (KODES) area, northeast equatorial Pacific. Seafloor morphology and nodule abundance are highly variable even in this small study area. The NNE-SSW oriented hills are parallel and about 100–200 m high. Valleys are very flat-floored, while hilltops are rugged with depressions of tens of meters. Cliffs to about 100 m bound the valleys and the hills. The study area can be classified into three types based both on nodule occurrence and seafloor morphology, mostly G- and B-types and some M-type. G-type is characterized by high nodule abundance, ubiquitous bioturbation, and flat seafloor morphology, while B-type is characterized by irregular-shaped nodules, variable nodule abundance, occurrence of giant nodules and sediment lumps, rugged bottom morphology with depressions, and white calcareous surface sediments. Medium nodule abundance and a generally flat seafloor characterize M-type. G-type occurs mostly in the valley regions, while B-type is on the hilltop areas. M-type is located between the hilltop and the valley. Tectonic movement of the Pacific plate resulted in the elongated abyssal hills and cliffs. The rugged morphology on hilltops resulted from erosion and redistribution of surface siliceous sediments on hilltops by bottom currents, outcropping of underlying calcareous sediments, and dissolution of the carbonate sediments by corrosive bottom water undersaturated with CaCO₃. Sediment eroded from the hills, which is relatively young and organic-rich, is deposited in the valleys, and diagenetic metal supply to manganese nodules in the valley area is more active than on the hills. We suggest that tectonic movement ultimately constrains morphology, surface sediment facies, bottom currents and sediment redistribution, bioturbation, thickness of the sedimentary layer, and other conditions, which are all interrelated and control nodule occurrence. The best potential area for mining in the study area is the G-type valley zones with about 3–4 km width and NNW-SSE orientation.  相似文献   

6 000米AUV深海试验研究     

李硕  燕奎臣  李一平  刘健 《海洋工程》2007,25(4):1-6

简要介绍6000米AUV的总体结构和主要功能,重点研究AUV深海试验中的无动力下潜试验和载体浮力测量试验,提出三种深海浮力测量方法。根据试验数据,通过调整载体配重,在控制特性不变的情况下,使AUV在水下航行达到能量最优。此方法是一种理论和工程实际相结合的方法,对于其它类型深水AUV试验具有指导意义。  相似文献   

南海深海生物多样性国际研究态势与热点分析          下载免费PDF全文

张灿影  徐奎栋  焦英毅  张均龙  冯志纲  陈春 《海洋科学》2023,47(3):128-136

南海是西太平洋边缘海,有陆架、陆坡、岛礁、深海平原、海山、冷泉等多种生境,近10年来南海逐渐成为世界深海研究的热点。南海是中国海洋生物多样性最高的区域,与作为海洋生物多样性中心的印太珊瑚大三角区具有一定的环境与生物连通性,对南海的深海生物探测研究可丰富对西太平洋及印太交汇区生物多样性及地理分布格局的认知。目前有关南海的生物多样性研究主要集中在北部陆架浅海及岛礁,对于深海生物多样性认知明显不足。本研究梳理了全球深海生物多样性的主要国际战略布局,并对南海深海生物多样性SCIE论文发表情况进行了综合分析,探讨了南海深海生物多样性研究态势,对未来南海深海生物多样性调查与研究提出了研究展望和建议。  相似文献   

南海细菌胞外多聚物的神经保护活性筛选          下载免费PDF全文

卫茂生  王清池  耿丽华  岳洋  孙超岷  张全斌 《海洋科学》2023,47(3):79-88

本文采取传统的醇沉水溶的工艺提取了深海细菌的胞外聚合物(extracellularpolymericsubstance,EPS),使用过氧化氢作为损伤剂建立SH-SY5Y人神经母细胞瘤体外氧化损伤模型。在安全剂量下评价EPS的体外神经保护活性,确定16种活性良好(细胞活力>90%)的EPS。16种EPS的成分分析结果如下:1)16种EPS的分子量分布呈三段式,分别为>200 kDa, 10～200 kDa和<10 kDa; 2)16种EPS单糖组成中除甘露糖、葡萄糖外,还有稀有单糖氨基葡萄糖、鼠李糖、葡萄糖醛酸、氨基半乳糖、半乳糖、岩藻糖; 3)EPS的总糖含量为14.06%～21.40%,蛋白含量为10.66%～31.05%,硫酸基含量为2.91%～26.53%。通过对相应菌株进行16SrDNA全序列分析并与GenBank比对,完成了活性菌株的鉴定,通过MEGA7.0和Figtree构建系统进化树。鉴定结果表明,16株深海细菌归属于3门8科9属16种,分布在三个门类:厚壁菌门(Firmicutes, 9/16),变形菌门(Proteobacteria, 6/16)和...  相似文献   

一种深海热液原位探测设备供能装置的设计          下载免费PDF全文

吴怀超  谭春阳  金波  杨灿军  陈鹰 《海洋科学》2011,35(2):82-85

为了解决深海热液原位探测设备的能量供给问题,设计了一种实用的供能装置.该供能装置采用了一种定制的高能量密度电池,电池组的容量达31.5 Ah,最大输出电压为12 V.供能装置的耐压壳体采用了压力容器的设计原则进行设计,其最大承受压力达70MPa.放电实验表明该供能装置具有较稳定的放电电压;海试实验表明该供能装置能用于深...  相似文献