共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(6)
东太平洋结核区位于东北太平洋,在深海海底含有丰富的多金属结核,而微生物在多金属结核的形成过程中发挥着重要的作用。本研究通过DY29航次获得了该区域多个实验样品,包括结核、结核覆盖的沉积物、无结核覆盖的沉积物和底层海水,并对这些样品进行了细菌的分离培养和活性检测。结果表明,东太平洋结核区拥有丰富的微生物资源,共分离保藏细菌1 200株,其中402株细菌完成16SrRNA基因测序,分属于4个门,65个属和135个种。4个门分别为变形菌门(Proteobacteria,占81.59%)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria,占8.21%)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes,占8.21%)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes,占1.99%);优势属为盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、亚硫酸盐杆菌属(Sulfitobacter)等。两种沉积物样品中可培养放线菌门和厚壁菌门的细菌丰度较高,结核中分离得到的细菌包含较高比例的α-变形菌纲,4种样品类型中γ-变形菌纲的细菌均占最大比例。对结核样品分离得到的细菌进行酶学性质检测发现具有过氧化氢酶及酯酶(吐温20和吐温40)活性的菌株所占比例较高,并首次筛选出一些未报道的具有锰氧化能力的菌株。综合以上结果,东太平洋结核区不同样品的可培养细菌多样性较高,微生物资源丰富,而具有锰氧化能力菌株的分离鉴定对研究深海多金属结核的形成及深海矿产资源的开发都具有重要的意义。 相似文献
2.
马里亚纳海沟具有低温、高压、永久黑暗以及营养匮乏等深海环境特征,其中的细菌多样性对深海环境具有极为重要的作用。为研究马里亚纳海沟海水中异养细菌的物种多样性,采用多种培养基、不同培养温度同步筛选,单菌落16S rRNA基因序列鉴定,邻近法系统发育树构建分析等方法,对25个海水样品进行异养细菌多样性分析。共获得细菌531株,对其中371株进行16S rRNA基因鉴定,共分布41属,97种。经系统进化分析,异养菌株分布于4门:厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)。优势菌群为Proteobacteria,占鉴定菌株数量的58%,其中γ-Proteobacteria占总菌数的52%。此外,还发现4株潜在新物种。 相似文献
3.
为探索印度洋深海沉积物中纯培养细菌的多样性,本文对采自印度洋12个沉积物样品进行细菌纯培养分离,共获得343株细菌.所有细菌采用16S?rRNA基因进行比对分析,鉴定为4个门:厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroi... 相似文献
4.
探究了南大西洋深海沉积物中可培养放线菌的多样性,筛选药源活性次级代谢产物产生菌,为后续资源开发奠定基础.采用3种预处理方法及8种选择性培养基对南大西洋3个深海沉积物样品中的放线菌菌株进行选择性分离鉴定;利用兼并引物扩增法,选取代表菌株进行聚酮合酶（PKSⅠ、PKSⅡ）基因和非核糖体多肽合成酶（NRPS）基因的检测;以4株细菌为指示菌检测代表菌株的抑菌活性.共分离得到132株放线菌纯菌株,分布于放线菌亚纲的6个目、13个科、19个属中,其中有5个属为较新或较稀有种属,有2株为潜在新种.34株化合物合成基因检测菌中PKSⅠ基因、PKSⅡ基因呈阳性的比率均为17.64%,NRPS基因呈阳性的则为52.94%.抗枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）和抗副溶血性弧菌（Vibrio parahaemolyticus）的菌株分别有47.06%和7.82%.南大西洋深海沉积物中放线菌资源丰富,存在较多潜在新分类单元,筛选到的活性菌株可用于后续药源活性次级代谢产物的分离. 相似文献
5.
为探究文蛤（Meretrix petechialis）鳃组织内共生菌群的群落组成及结构，采用纯培养方法，对文蛤鳃组织的内共生菌进行了分离、纯化和16S rRNA鉴定，共筛选到215株细菌，分属于变形菌门、厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门和放线菌门4个门级类群中，其中变形菌门是实现纯培养菌株数量最多的类群。基于16S rRNA序列信息，进一步对变形菌门的系统演化关系进行了分析，结果显示不同纲级类群的菌株分别聚集在了相应的分支内。另外，对获得的具有潜在抑菌活性或致病性的共生细菌进行了探讨，为后续对文蛤鳃内生菌的深入研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
6.
黄杆菌种类多、分布广,但从深海海山环境中发现黄杆菌新物种的报道还没有。2017年我们从西太平洋卡罗琳深海海山水域分离到一株细菌XN-5T,经16S rRNA基因序列测定表明,该菌与黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)内系统发育关系最近模式菌株F.degerlachei LMG 21915T、F.frigoris LMG 21922T之间的相似性分别为97.5%和97.8%。本研究采用形态学观察、生理生化特征、遗传特征、脂肪酸和极性脂测定等方法,对该菌株进行了详细的多相分类鉴定。结果表明,XN-5T菌株在16S rRNA基因系统发育、生长温度、淀粉、酪蛋白水解、硝酸盐还原,产α-半乳糖苷酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶,同化L-阿拉伯糖、D-甘露醇、N-乙酰-氨基葡萄糖、葡萄糖酸钾,发酵蔗糖、阿拉伯糖,以及脂肪酸、极性脂组成等方面,均与相近模式菌株有所差异。综合多相分类鉴定数据,我们判定XN-5T菌株为Flavobacterium属内的一个新种,命名为Flavobacterium pacifica sp. nov。 相似文献
7.
采用点种法并以副溶血弧菌(Vp1.2164)和溶藻弧菌(Va-Y)为弧菌指示菌,对从健康的大黄鱼肠道内分离的115株细菌进行体外拮抗试验。并对筛选出的拮抗菌进行抗菌谱测定,最后利用VITEK-32细菌快速鉴定系统和16SrRNA基因序列对拮抗菌进行鉴定。结果表明,从中筛选到3株有较强拮抗作用的菌株,编号分别为X1402-1、X1108和X3914,且菌株X1402-1的抗菌作用最强,抗菌谱最广,21株病原指示菌中,对16株均能产生较强的抑制作用,其中对Vp-1.2164的抑菌直径最大,达到28.5mm,对Va-Y的抑菌直径为8.7mm;其次为菌株X1108和X3914,对两种指示弧菌的抑菌直径分别为:12.0mm、9.0mm和0mm、7.2mm。经VITEK-32细菌快速鉴定系统鉴定,3株拮抗菌分别与铜绿假单胞菌,恶臭假单胞菌,地衣芽孢杆菌的相似性均为99%。通过16SrRNA基因序列分析表明,3株拮抗菌分别与类产碱假单胞菌Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes(EU419918)、恶臭假单胞菌Pseudomon asputida(FJ440105)和地衣芽孢杆菌Bacillus licheniformis(DQ988136)的16SrRNA基因同源性最高,分别为100.0%、97.5%、99.0%。综合分析试验结果,X1402-1、X1108和X3914分别被确定为类产碱假单胞菌、恶臭假单胞菌和地衣芽孢杆菌。 相似文献
8.
采用2216E、R2A、M1培养基,首次从俄罗斯库页岛潮间带沉积物样品中分离到82株可培养海洋细菌,经查重并菌后选取其中45株具有代表性的菌株进行了16S r RNA基因序列分析和多样性研究。结果发现,它们共分布于变形细菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)4个类群(分别占45株代表菌株的42.2%、20.0%、20.0%和17.8%),代表着6个纲、27个属、44个种;同时发现其中有8个潜在新种和1个潜在新属。本研究结果表明,俄罗斯库页岛潮间带沉积物可培养细菌的系统发育多样性非常高,大部分菌株与分离自日本和韩国近海的细菌物种在系统发育关系上高度同源,但也存在不少潜在的新物种。 相似文献
9.
酰化高丝氨酸内酯化合物(acyl-homoserine lactone,AHL)是革兰氏阴性细菌(G-)群体感应的信号分子。本文建立1种从环境微生物中高效地筛选AHL降解菌株的方法。首先利用AHL作为唯一能源对环境微生物进行初筛,再利用顶层琼脂法和报告菌株Chromobacterium violaceumATCC 12472、Agrobacterium tumefaciensA136等进行复筛,共筛选得到21株具有AHL降解活性的菌株。对其中活性最高的菌株A11进行初步的菌种鉴定,通过形态观察、16S ribosomal RNA(16S rDNA)基因分析最终确定为假单胞菌属细菌Pseudomonassp.A11。 相似文献
10.
针对长江口10个站位样品,采用HM培养基和ZMCA培养基分离培养耐(嗜)盐菌,通过PCR方法获取156株细菌的16S rDNA序列。其中,由HM培养基分离获得136株菌株,可划分为33个分类单元(OUT),分属α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria)、γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)的芽孢杆菌纲(Bacilli)3个类群,其中γ-变形菌纲为优势耐(嗜)盐细菌;靠近海岸的站点M5-1,N6-2和M4-1耐(嗜)盐细菌均属于厚壁菌门,而远离海岸的站点耐(嗜)盐细菌均属于变形菌门。以ZMCA培养基分离获得的20株菌株分属α-变形菌纲和放线菌纲(Actinobacteria),可划分为10个OTU。由HM培养基分离获得的菌株中,70.5%属于耐盐菌,29.5%属于中度嗜盐菌;由ZMCA培养基分离获得的菌株均为耐盐菌。HM培养基分离得到的136株细菌的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐还原性分析表明,亚硝酸盐还原菌数量仅为硝酸盐还原菌的1/3左右。 相似文献
11.
1Introduction Antarctica is often viewed as one of earth s lastgreat frontiers. Low temperature, high gradients insalinity, and strong ultraviolet radiation combinedwith lowlight conditions provide inhospitable condi-tions for life. Surviving in these ext… 相似文献
12.
西北太平洋沉积物中细菌多样性的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用提取且纯化的西北太平洋地区深海沉积物DNA为模板,利用细菌通用PCR引物扩增16S rDNA片段,构建其文库,建立阳性克隆子RFLP(Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism)酶切图谱.据酶切图谱选择部分克隆测序,并与数据库中的序列进行比对.结果表明,测序的27个序列分属于4个类群:变形细菌(Proteobacteria)、绿屈挠菌(Chloroflexi)、浮游霉菌(Planctomycetes)和酸杆菌(Acidobacteria);其中以变形细菌最多,占62.96%. 相似文献
13.
MU Chunhu BAO Zhenmin CHEN Gang HU Jingjie HAO Lujiang QI Zizhong LI Guangxue 《海洋学报(英文版)》2005,24(3):114-121
Diversity of bacteria was studied in deep-sea sediments from the Shikoku Basin in the Northwest Pacific Ocean by PCR, RFLP and sequence analysis of 16S rDNA and comparing with Genbank database. Based on the RFLP profile generated, 77 clones from the 16S rDNA library were divided into 27 types. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the 27 independent clones fell into four groups: Proteobacteria (62.96%), Chloroflexi (14.81%), Planctomycetes (14.81%) and Acidobacteria (7.41%). Among all sequenced clones, 6 were related to the sulfur or sulfate metabolism bacteria and the results also demonstrated that some bacteria in deep-sea sediments had relation to matter-energy circulation. 相似文献
14.
Binding of thorium(IV) to carboxylate, phosphate and sulfate functional groups from marine exopolymeric substances (EPS) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Th(IV) isotopes are important proxies in oceanographic investigations, and are used as tracers of particle dynamics and particulate organic matter (POC) fluxes out of the euphotic zone through the use of 234Th/POC ratios. These approaches rely on empirically determined and variable POC to 234Th ratios, which might be controlled, in parts, by the abundance of exopolymeric substances (EPS). EPS contain acidic polysaccharides (APS) and are excreted by both phytoplankton and bacteria. To this end, radiotracer experiments with EPS from microbial cultures were conducted to determine the binding environment of 234Th(IV)-binding ligands in colloids and suspended particles in marine systems. In these experiments, the 234Th distribution during isoelectric focusing (IEF) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was related to the functional group composition of EPS and of colloidal organic matter (COM) isolated from the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) using cross-flow ultrafiltration. EPS was extracted from phytoplankton (Emiliania huxleyi and Synechococcus elongatus) and bacteria (Sagittula stellata and Roseobacter gallaeciensis) cultures by repeated alcohol precipitation. Phosphate and sulfate concentrations were determined using ion chromatography (IC). IEF profiles indicated that 49% to 65% of the 234Th-labeled EPS from plankton and bacteria as well as COM samples from the GOM was found concentrated below pH of 4, near an isoelectric point, pHIEP, of about 2. The carboxylic acid maxima for extracted EPS and COM samples appeared close to the pHIEF of 234Th(IV). The phosphate maximum appeared at the same pHIEF as 234Th(IV) for EPS from R. gallaeciensis and S. elongatus. The sulfate maximum was found at the same pHIEF as 234Th(IV) for EPS from S. elongatus and COM. The molecular weight (MW) of the strongly Th(IV)-binding ligand varied from 1 to 14 kDa, depending on the species, but was about 10 kDa in COM. Thus, depending on the species of plankton or bacteria, the MW and specific functional group composition of the strongly 234Th(IV)-binding amphiphilic biomolecule can vary. Therefore, different acidic functional groups can, at times, contribute to the binding of Th(IV) to the EPS chelating ligand, which can also have different MWs. This implies that the binding environment for Th(IV), which is present at total concentrations at least a million times lower than the acid functional groups, consists of strong polydentate chelate complexes in clustered structures of carboxylate, sulfates and/or phosphates. The combination of strongly chelating groups and amphiphilicity gives this biomolecule the unique properties of a “sticky” ligand. 相似文献
15.
Isolation and phylogenetic assignation of actinomycetes in the marine sediments from the Arctic Ocean 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Actinomycetes in five marine sediments collected from the Arctic Ocean at depths of 43 to 3 050 m were cultivated using a variety of media. A total of 61 actinomycete colonies with substrate mycelia only were observed, and no colonies with aerial mycelia were observed under aerobic conditions at 15 ℃. From these colonies, 28 were selected to represent different morphological types.Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was used to check the purity of isolates and select representatives for subsequent sequencing. Phylogentic analyses based on nearly full-length 16S ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) sequences indicated that the actinomycetes isolated were accommodated within genus Rhodococcus of family Nocardiaceae, genus Dietzia of family Dietziaceae,genera Janibacter and Terrabacter of family Instrasporangiaceae and genera Kocuria and Arthrobacter of family Micrococcaceae. One of the strains (P27-24) from the deep-sea sediment at depth of 3 050 m was found to be identical in 16S rDNA sequence(1474/1474)with the radiation-resistant Kocuria rosea ATCC 187T isolated from air. More than halfofthe isolates showed the similarities ranging from 99.5% to 99.9% in 16S rDNA sequence to dibenzofran-degrading, butyl 2-ethylhexanoate-hydrolysising and nitrile-metabolizing actinomycetes. All the strains isolated were psychrotolerant bacteria and grew better on the media prepared with natural seawater than on the media prepared with deionized water. Three of them (Dietzia sp. P27-10, Rhodococcus sp. S11-3 and Rhodococcus sp.P11-5)had an obligate growth requirement for salt, confirming that these strains are indigenous marine actinomycetes. 相似文献
16.
This study investigates the mechanical characteristics of light-weighted soils (LWS) consisting of expanded polystyrene (EPS), dredged clays, and cement through both unconfined and triaxial compression tests. The mechanical characteristics of the compressive strength of LWS are analyzed with varying initial water contents of dredged clays, EPS ratio, cement ratio, and curing pressure. In the triaxial compression test, it is found that the compressive strength of LWS associated with EPS is independent on the effective confining pressure. When both EPS ratio is less than 2% and cement ratio is more than 2%, the compressive strength rapidly decreases after the ultimate value. This signifies that the compressive strength-strain behavior is quite similar to that of the cemented soil. The ground improved by LWS has the compressive strength of 200 kPa associated with the optimized EPS ratio of 3-4% and initial water content of 165-175%. The ultimate compressive strength under both triaxial and unconfined compression tests is almost constant for a cement ratio of up to 2%. 相似文献
17.
This study investigates the mechanical characteristics of light-weighted soils (LWS) consisting of expanded polystyrene (EPS), dredged clays, and cement through both unconfined and triaxial compression tests. The mechanical characteristics of the compressive strength of LWS are analyzed with varying initial water contents of dredged clays, EPS ratio, cement ratio, and curing pressure. In the triaxial compression test, it is found that the compressive strength of LWS associated with EPS is independent on the effective confining pressure. When both EPS ratio is less than 2% and cement ratio is more than 2%, the compressive strength rapidly decreases after the ultimate value. This signifies that the compressive strength-strain behavior is quite similar to that of the cemented soil. The ground improved by LWS has the compressive strength of 200 kPa associated with the optimized EPS ratio of 3–4% and initial water content of 165–175%. The ultimate compressive strength under both triaxial and unconfined compression tests is almost constant for a cement ratio of up to 2%. 相似文献