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1.
西北太平洋沉积物中细菌多样性的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用提取且纯化的西北太平洋地区深海沉积物DNA为模板,利用细菌通用PCR引物扩增16S rDNA片段,构建其文库,建立阳性克隆子RFLP(Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism)酶切图谱.据酶切图谱选择部分克隆测序,并与数据库中的序列进行比对.结果表明,测序的27个序列分属于4个类群:变形细菌(Proteobacteria)、绿屈挠菌(Chloroflexi)、浮游霉菌(Planctomycetes)和酸杆菌(Acidobacteria);其中以变形细菌最多,占62.96%. 相似文献
2.
Bacteria, as the most abundant sediment organism, play a major role in the fate of pollutants. Therefore, many pollutant-related bacteria have been studied in harbor sediments, yet the entire bacterial profiles have not been reported. The bacterial diversity and community structures from sediments in Victoria Harbor (Hong Kong), including two polluted (VH and VHW) and two adjacent (open oceanic, TLC; estuary discharge affected, PC) sites, were characterized by analyses of four 16S rDNA clone libraries. Upon comparisons of RFLP patterns from 254 clones in the libraries, 178 unique phylotypes were retrieved. LIBSHUFF and Rarefaction analyses indicated that the sediment bacterial communities at the four sites showed high 16S rDNA richness and were significantly different from each other. Phylogenetic analysis of full-length 16S rDNA revealed 19 bacterial phyla in Victoria Harbor sediments. γ- and δ-proteobacteria, holophaga/acidobacteria, and planctomycetales were recorded in all the libraries. In addition, γ- and δ-proteobacteria were dominant at all sites (33.33–11.67%). Besides these two phyla, ε-proteobacteria, firmicutes, aminobacterium, holophaga/acidobacteria and bacteroidetes were judged to be major components of a given library since they constituted 10% or more of the total OTUs of the given library. The cyanobacteria, verrucomicrobia, β-proteobacteria, aminobacterium, chlorofiexi, and candidate division OP1, OP8 were detected in minor proportions in various libraries. A portion of the clones were only distantly related to sequences in the GenBank, suggesting bacteria in Victoria Harbor sediments were unique and diversified. 相似文献
3.
A depth profile of bacterial community structure in one deep-sea sediment core of the western Pacific ＂warm pool＂ （WP） was investigated and compared with that in a sediment sample from the eastern Pacific （EP） by phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA fragments. Five bacterial 16S rDNA clone libraries were constructed, and 133 clones with different restriction fragment length polymorphism （RFLP） patterns were sequenced. A phylogenetic analysis of these sequences revealed that the bacterial diversity in a sample from the WP was more abundant than that in the EP sample. The bacterial population in the sediment core of WP was composed of eight major lineages of the domain bacteria. Among them the γ-Proteobacteria was the predominant and most diverse group in each section of WP sediment core, followed by the α-Proteobacteria. The genus Colwellia belonging to γ-Proteobacteria was predominant in this sample. The shift of bacterial communities among different sections of the WP sediment core was δ-, ε-Proteobacteria, and Cytopahga-Flexibacteria-Bacteroides （CFB） group. The ratios between them in the bacterial communities all showed inversely proportional to the depth of sediment. The sequences related to sulphate reducing bacteria （SRB） were detected in every section. The bacterial community structure in this sediment core might be related to the environmental characteristics of the surface seawater of the western Pacific WP. 相似文献
4.
Isolation and phylogenetic assignation of actinomycetes in the marine sediments from the Arctic Ocean 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Actinomycetes in five marine sediments collected from the Arctic Ocean at depths of 43 to 3 050 m were cultivated using a variety of media. A total of 61 actinomycete colonies with substrate mycelia only were observed, and no colonies with aerial mycelia were observed under aerobic conditions at 15 ℃. From these colonies, 28 were selected to represent different morphological types.Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was used to check the purity of isolates and select representatives for subsequent sequencing. Phylogentic analyses based on nearly full-length 16S ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) sequences indicated that the actinomycetes isolated were accommodated within genus Rhodococcus of family Nocardiaceae, genus Dietzia of family Dietziaceae,genera Janibacter and Terrabacter of family Instrasporangiaceae and genera Kocuria and Arthrobacter of family Micrococcaceae. One of the strains (P27-24) from the deep-sea sediment at depth of 3 050 m was found to be identical in 16S rDNA sequence(1474/1474)with the radiation-resistant Kocuria rosea ATCC 187T isolated from air. More than halfofthe isolates showed the similarities ranging from 99.5% to 99.9% in 16S rDNA sequence to dibenzofran-degrading, butyl 2-ethylhexanoate-hydrolysising and nitrile-metabolizing actinomycetes. All the strains isolated were psychrotolerant bacteria and grew better on the media prepared with natural seawater than on the media prepared with deionized water. Three of them (Dietzia sp. P27-10, Rhodococcus sp. S11-3 and Rhodococcus sp.P11-5)had an obligate growth requirement for salt, confirming that these strains are indigenous marine actinomycetes. 相似文献
5.
东太平洋海隆深海热液区沉积物古菌多样性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用PCR-RFLP方法对东太平洋海隆深海热液区3个站位沉积物中的古菌多样性进行了初步研究.结果显示,从古菌16S rRNA基因文库中随机挑取的296个阳性克隆分属奇古菌门（Thaumarchaeota,47.64%）、广古菌门（Euryarchaeota,44.93%）、泉古菌门（Crenarchaeota,6.77%）和未分类古菌（0.68%）,其中优势菌群为奇古菌门的亚硝化侏儒菌属（Nitrosopumilus,35.47%）和广古菌门的热原体纲（Thermoplasmata,27.03%）,DHVE3、DHVE5、DHVE6、MBGB和MBGE类群在沉积物样品中也均有发现.另外,3个站位沉积物中古菌类群组成存在差异,S5-TVG1站位样品文库的97个古菌克隆分属奇古菌门（49.48%）、广古菌门（49.48%）和泉古菌门（1.03%）,S14-TVG10站位样品文库的103个古菌克隆由奇古菌门（84.47%）和广古菌门（15.53%）组成,S16-TVG12站位样品文库的96个古菌克隆包括广古菌门（71.88%）、泉古菌门（19.79%）、奇古菌门（6.25%）和未分类古菌（2.08%）.研究结果表明,东太平洋海隆深海热液区沉积物中古菌多样性丰富,存在着许多新的古菌菌群;不同站位古菌菌群结构以及多样性存在差异,这与其所处环境的热液活动密切相关. 相似文献
6.
为探索印度洋深海沉积物中纯培养细菌的多样性,本文对采自印度洋12个沉积物样品进行细菌纯培养分离,共获得343株细菌.所有细菌采用16S?rRNA基因进行比对分析,鉴定为4个门:厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroi... 相似文献
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8.
通过古菌16S rDNA 基因文库技术, 在黄河三角洲泥质沉积区6 个站位共获得568 个克隆, 经处理得到73 个OUTs(Operational Taxonomic Units), 在此基础上进行系统进化树以及统计学分析。结果显示, 在本次研究的6 个站位的表层沉积物中, 古菌序列均来自于泉古菌(Crenarchaeota)和广古菌(Euryarchaeota): 其中以Marine Crenarchaeotic Group I(MGI)为主, 仅含少量的Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotic Group (MCG), Marine Benthic Group B(MBGB)等其他种属。研究结果表明, 6 个不同站位的沉积物中只有5 个古菌类群, 群落分布较为均匀, 多样性不高。研究结果揭示了黄河三角洲表层沉积物中古菌横向分布特征, 并为今后在黄海区域开展古菌生态学研究提供了数据信息, 特别是在当前古菌研究主要集中在深海区域的背景下, 对相应的近海区域古菌研究具有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
9.
WEI Manman ZHANG Rubing WANG Yuguang JI Houguo ZHENG Ji CHEN Xinhu ZHOU Hongbo 《海洋学报(英文版)》2013,32(2):42-51
The aim of this study is to investigate microbial structures and diversities in five active hydrothermal fields’ sediments along the Eastern Lau Spreading Centre (ELSC) in the Lau Basin (southwest Pacific). Microbial communities were surveyed by denatured gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and clone library analysis of 16S rRNA genes. The differences in microbial community structures among sediment samples from the five deep-sea hydrothermal sites were revealed by DGGE profiles. Cluster analysis of DGGE profiles separated the five hydrothermal samples into two groups. Four different 16S rRNA gene clone libraries, representing two selected hydrothermal samples (19-4TVG8 and 19-4TVG11), were constructed. Twenty-three and 32 phylotypes were identified from 166 and 160 bacterial clones respectively, including Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Nitrospirae and Planctomycetes. The phylum Proteobacteria is dominant in both bacterial libraries with a predominance of Gamma-Proteobacteria. A total of 31 and 25 phylotypes were obtained from 160 and 130 archaeal clones respectively, including Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotic Group, Marine Group Ⅰ and Ⅲ, Marine Benthic Group E, Terrestrial Hot Spring Crenarchaeota and Deep-sea Hydrothermal Vent Euryarchaeota. These results show a variety of clones related to those involved in sulfur cycling, suggesting that the cycling and utilization of sulfur compounds may extensively occur in the Lau Basin deep-sea hydrothermal ecosystem. 相似文献
10.
东太平洋深海沉积物中DNA的提取及细菌多样性初步分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以东太平洋海隆附近深海柱状沉积物为材料，通过化学裂解和酶消化相结合的方法提取了沉积物微生物的总基因组DNA，并进行了纯化。结果表明所得到的DNA分子片段大小在21kb左右，纯化后的DNA可直接用于PCR等分子生物学操作。细菌16SrDNAV3可变区的PCR—DGGE图谱展示出15条以上条带，表明深海沉积物中细菌多样性较高，群落结构比较复杂。对其中9条主要条带进行回收、测序和系统发育分析，结果表明所获得的序列分属放线菌门（Actinobacteria），绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi），γ-变形细菌亚门（Gamma—proteobacteria），α-变形细菌亚门（Alpha—proteobacteria）和嗜酸菌门（Acidobacteria）5个大类群。 相似文献
11.
山口红树林根际土壤可培养细菌多样性及其活性筛选 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为探讨广西山口红树林土壤可培养细菌的多样性，采用纯培养分离技术对采集的25个红树林样品进行可培养细菌多样性分析，挑选117株菌株进行16S rRNA基因测序并构建系统发育树分析。结果表明117株菌株分别属于9个纲20个目27个科35个属，9个纲包括α-变形菌纲（21.37%）、β-变形菌纲（1.71%）、γ-变形菌纲（12.82%）、δ-变形菌纲（0.85%）、噬纤维菌纲（0.85%）、鞘脂杆菌纲（0.85%）、黄杆菌纲（2.56%）、放线菌纲（27.35%）、芽孢杆菌纲（31.62%）。优势属为芽孢杆菌属，占所有菌株的28.20%，此外α-变形菌纲、γ-变形菌纲、黄杆菌纲和放线菌纲中发现了7株潜在的新物种。分离菌株的产酶活性检测表明，山口红树林根际土壤蕴含丰富的产淀粉酶、蛋白酶、葡聚糖、纤维素酶和几丁质酶等生物活性酶的菌株，其中芽孢杆菌纲的产酶菌株数最为丰富。初步研究结果表明广西山口红树林土壤可培养细菌资源丰富，新物种资源多样，是农业微生物开发应用的重要资源库。 相似文献
12.
本文采取传统的醇沉水溶的工艺提取了深海细菌的胞外聚合物(extracellularpolymericsubstance,EPS),使用过氧化氢作为损伤剂建立SH-SY5Y人神经母细胞瘤体外氧化损伤模型。在安全剂量下评价EPS的体外神经保护活性,确定16种活性良好(细胞活力>90%)的EPS。16种EPS的成分分析结果如下:1)16种EPS的分子量分布呈三段式,分别为>200 kDa, 10～200 kDa和<10 kDa; 2)16种EPS单糖组成中除甘露糖、葡萄糖外,还有稀有单糖氨基葡萄糖、鼠李糖、葡萄糖醛酸、氨基半乳糖、半乳糖、岩藻糖; 3)EPS的总糖含量为14.06%～21.40%,蛋白含量为10.66%～31.05%,硫酸基含量为2.91%～26.53%。通过对相应菌株进行16SrDNA全序列分析并与GenBank比对,完成了活性菌株的鉴定,通过MEGA7.0和Figtree构建系统进化树。鉴定结果表明,16株深海细菌归属于3门8科9属16种,分布在三个门类:厚壁菌门(Firmicutes, 9/16),变形菌门(Proteobacteria, 6/16)和... 相似文献
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采用16S rDNA文库和变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)技术,对黄海西北部3个近岸站位沉积物中细菌群落多样性及空间分布特征进行了调查和解析。对表层沉积物16S rDNA序列统计表明,各站位细菌群落多样性很高,γ-和δ-变形菌纲分别占克隆序列总数的20%~32%,是沉积物中的绝对优势类群。DGGE图谱分析表明,同一站位中不同深度的细菌群落结构相似性较高,而不同站位间群落结构相差较远。研究表明在黄海西北近岸沉积物中细菌群落多样性较高,优势类群明显,在较小尺度范围内群落结构的垂直变化不明显。 相似文献
14.
东海陆架表层沉积物微生物多样性初步研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
提要从东海陆架DH-13站点的表层沉积物中提取环境基因组DNA,通过PCR和TA克隆构建了细菌和古菌的16SrDNA基因文库,并对克隆子文库进行系统发育分析。结果表明:细菌序列以变形菌门(Proteobacteria,41.5%)居多,其次是浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes,10.9%)、放线菌门(Actino-bacteria,8.9%)和CFBgroup(7.9%),另外还有少量酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、疣微菌门(Verru-comicrobia)、硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospira)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)等;古菌序列全部来自泉古生菌门(Crenarchaeota),其中Marine Crenarchaeotic Group Ⅰ(MGⅠ,93.6%)是绝对优势菌,还有少量序列属于Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotic Group(MCG)、Marine BenthicG roup C(MBGC)和Marine Benthic Group A(MBGA)。文库多样性分析结果显示东海陆架表层沉积物中有着丰富多样的微生物群落,细菌的多样性更为显著。 相似文献
15.
青岛、威海水域夏冬季表层沉积物细菌多样性的初步研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以青岛、威海水域夏冬两季表层沉积物中的基因组DNA为模板,扩增沉积物样品中细菌的16S rDNA 片段,并构建其相应文库.进行16S rDNA序列分析,并与数据库中的序列进行比对.分析结果表明:2个站位沉积物样品细菌分别属于11个主要细菌门类,包括:变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、浮霉菌门(Plancomycene)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、硝化螺菌门(Nitrospirae)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobial)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、绿屈挠菌门(Chloroflexi)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、高G+C含量革兰氏阳性菌放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和低G+C含量革兰氏阳性菌梭菌门(Clostridiales).其中变形菌门是主要类群,且γ-变形菌纲(γ-Proteobacteria)占优势.与QD2站位相比,QD1站位沉积物细菌多样性随季节变化不大. 相似文献
16.
1IntroductionThe tropical West Pacific warm pool(TWP-WP),which spans an area roughly between10°Nto10°S of the equator from Indonesia to the dateline,has the world’s warmest sea surface temperature ofbeing greater than29℃.With the increase of recog-niz… 相似文献
17.
A sediment core MD05-2902 was collected from the deep-sea basin of the Xisha Trough. The vertical distribution and diversity of bacteria in the core was investigated through ten sub-sampling with an interval of 1 m using bacterial 16 S rRNA gene as a phylogenetic bio-marker. Eighteen phylogenetic groups were identified from 16 S rRNA gene clone libraries. The dominant bacterial groups were JS1, Planctomycetes and Chloroflexi, which accounted for 30.6%, 16.6%, and 15.6% of bacterial clones in the libraries, respectively. In order to reveal the relationship between biotic and abiotic data, a nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis was performed. The result revealed that the δ15N, δ13C, total organic carbon and total organic nitrogen possibly influenced the bacterial community structure. This study expanded our knowledge of the biogeochemical cycling in the Xisha Trough sediment. 相似文献
18.
Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
19.
胶州湾浮游桡足类18S核糖体RNA基因(18S rDNA)扩增及序列变异初步研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用PCR扩增、文库构建、限制性片段长度多态性分析、序列分析和系统学分析等方法，初步研究了夏季胶州湾上层海水浮游桡足类核糖体小亚基RNA基因(18S rDNA)约1．5kb片段的序列变异。从浮游生物混合DNA中选择性扩增桡足类18S rDNA，建立桡足类18S rDNA变异类型文库，并从文库中随机挑选的30个克隆进行分析。结果表明，Vsp Ⅰ限制性内切酶能将这些克隆分成频率分别为0．17、0．23和0．6的3种操作分类单元(OTUs)，遗传多样性指数达到0．95。3条OTU代表克隆序列与甲壳纲桡足亚纲核苷酸差异数在75．4—97．8之间，而与其他亚纲的差异都高于100。3条OTU代表克隆序列均属于桡足亚纲，其中，AY437861和AY437862属于哲水蚤目。3条OTU代表克隆序列可分为2个高变异区和3个相对保守区，其GC％分别为47．37％、48．16％和48．57％。研究结果表明，混合DNA提取方法简单，设计的引物可选择性地扩增浮游桡足类18S rDNA，根据18S rDNA序列序列变异描述浮游桡足类多样性是可行的。研究结果也为在浮游桡足类分类中引入18S rDNA序列奠定了基础。 相似文献
20.
通过传统的TCBS培养基平板计数法、16SrDNA—RFLP（16SrRNA基因的限制性酶切图谱多样性分析）及16SrDNA序列分析等方法对深圳海域水体和九龙江口沉积物中弧菌数量分布进行研究．结果表明TCBS菌群数中弧菌所占的比例因不同采样地点、不同季节而呈现较大差异．在深圳西海域及九龙江口上游盐度较低（盐度〈11）的区域,TCBS菌群中弧菌所占的比例为0,TCBS菌群数与弧菌总数不相关;在河口下游盐度相对较高的区域,弧茵占TCBS菌群数的6．0％～92．0％,TCBS菌群数与弧茵总数不相关或相关性不大;高盐度的海水区域弧菌占TCBS菌群数的37．O％～100．0％,TCBS菌群数与弧菌数量显著相关（P〈0．05）．因此环境监测过程中利用TCBS培养基检测海洋弧菌数量时,应该通过分子鉴定或生理生化鉴定方法进行验证,以保证数据的科学性． 相似文献