温度和盐度对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼肠道两种抗氧化酶活力的联合效应     

王海贞  王辉  李瑞伟  梁国栋 《广东海洋大学学报》2012,(1):47-53

采用中心组合设计和响应曲面法研究温度(12~34℃)和盐度(0~26)对吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)幼鱼(体长4.20±0.10 cm,体质量2.42±0.15 g)肠道超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalane,CAT)的联合效应。结果表明:1)温度对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼肠道SOD和CAT活力的线性效应和累积效应均极显著(P<0.01);盐度对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼肠道SOD活力线性效应显著(P<0.05),累积效应极显著(P<0.01);盐度对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼肠道CAT活力线性效应不显著(P>0.05),累积效应极显著(P<0.01);温度和盐度对SOD活力的互作效应极显著(P<0.01),对CAT活力的互作效应不显著(P>0.05)。2)响应曲面法分析表明,随着温度和盐度的增大,两种抗氧化酶的活力均呈先减小后增大的趋势。3)建立两种抗氧化酶活力与温度、盐度间关系的模型方程(SOD:决定系数R2=0.992 9,预测决定系数R2Pred.=0.939 2,P<0.01;CAT:决定系数R2=0.948 5,预测决定系数R2Pred.=0.647 1,P<0.01),两模型方程可用于预测吉富罗非鱼幼鱼肠道SOD和CAT的活力。4)优化结果显示,温度为24.15℃,盐度为11.75时,SOD活力最小值为9.80 U/mg,CAT活力最小值为9.28 U/mg,满意度函数值高达0.961。  相似文献   

投喂频率对凡纳滨对虾生长、消化酶和免疫酶活力以及氮收支的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈文霞  申玉春  李再亮  叶宁 《海洋科学》2013,37(9):49-53

为了探讨投饵对对虾的影响, 作者研究了投喂频率对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长、消化酶和免疫酶活性以及氮收支的影响。结果表明: 投喂频率对凡纳滨对虾的存活率、生长率、饲料系数、氮生长效率以及部分消化免疫酶活力有显著影响。日投喂5 次实验组获得较高的存活率、增质量率和特定生长率以及较低的饲料系数。投喂频率与特定生长率间呈二次曲线关系, 投喂频率为4.45次时, 获得最大特定生长率。摄食氮、生长氮和排泄氮和排粪氮, 以日投喂频率2 次为最低, 5、6 次较高。高投喂频率组获得较高的消化酶和免疫酶活性。  相似文献   

Effect of a polybrominated diphenyl ether congener (BDE-47) on growth and antioxidative enzymes of two mangrove plant species, Kandelia obovata and Avicennia marina, in South China     

Ying Wang  Haowen Zhu  Nora Fung Yee Tam 《Marine pollution bulletin》2014

The effects of BDE-47 on the growth and antioxidative responses of the seedlings of Kandelia obovata (Ko) and Avicennia marina (Am) were compared in an 8-week hydroponic culture spiked with different levels of BDE-47, 0.1, 1, 5 and 10 mg l⁻¹. The two highest BDE-47 levels significantly suppressed the growth and increased the activities of three antioxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), of Ko in week 1. However, SOD and POD activities at high levels of BDE-47 became lower than the control in week 8. On the contrary, growth of Am was not affected at all contamination levels, and the activities of three enzymes were enhanced by BDE-47 in weeks 1 and 4, but such stimulatory effect became insignificant in week 8. Avicennia was more tolerant to BDE-47 toxicity than Kandelia, as its antioxidative enzymes could better counter-balance the oxidative stress caused by BDE-47.  相似文献   

Ingestion of placenta in Hooker's Sea Lion (note)     

B. J. Marlow 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(1):233-238

The partial ingestion of the placenta by a newly parturient Hooker's sea lion, Phocarctos hookeri (Gray, 1844) (Pinnipedia: Otariidae), was seen on Enderby Island, Auckland Islands, in December 1972. This atypical behaviour may have resulted from the misdirection towards the placenta of pup protection activity.  相似文献   

The effect of low-level kelp supplementation on digestive enzyme activity levels in cultured abalone Haliotis midae fed formulated feeds     

A Nel  BI Pletschke  PJ Britz 《African Journal of Marine Science》2017,39(2):175-182

Previous studies have found that macroalgal inclusion in formulated diets for cultured abalone improves feed utilisation, and it was suggested that seaweed-associated bacteria supply enzymes that aid in the animal's digestion. In the present study, we hypothesised that kelp supplementation in formulated feed affects the profile of digestive enzymes in farmed Haliotis midae. Commercially reared sub-adult abalone fed a kelp-supplemented (Ecklonia maxima; 0.88% dry weight) or kelp-free control feed were collected for analysis of the amylase, alginate lyase, laminarinase, fucoidanase and protease activities in the gut. Levels of polysaccharidase and protease activity did not significantly differ between the diet treatments. However, enzyme-activity levels were more variable in abalone fed the kelp-free diet as compared with those fed the kelp-supplemented diet (coefficients of variation: 73%, 48.3–60.2% and 31.9% [control diet] versus 42.7%, 13.6–33.8% and 14.6% [KS diet] for amylase, macroalgal polysaccharidases and acid protease activity, respectively). We suggest that the presence of dietary kelp modulates the abalone's gut bacteria and their nutrient exchange. Proteomic identification of proteins in abalone gut sections showed that exogenous enzymes associated with the gut microbiome aid in bacterial utilisation of digested molecules, whereas abalone endogenous enzymes degrade the macronutrients in formulated feeds.  相似文献   

Substrate kinetics of DMSP-lyases in axenic cultures and mesocosm populations of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Emiliania huxleyi</Emphasis>     

Michael Steinke  Claire Evans  Gareth A. Lee  Gill Malin 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2007,69(3):352-359

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Phosphatase activities in the waters of a shallow estuary,Western Australia     

A.L. Huber  J.O. Gabrielson  D.K. Kidby 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,21(4):567-576

Phosphatase activities in a large, shallow estuary in south western Western Australia have been assessed. Differences were found in enzyme activities in the two sections of the estuary. There were seasonal and diurnal variations as well. Phosphatase activities were most closely correlated with chlorophyll and organic nitrogen concentrations. In diurnal studies, the rates of change of phosphatase activity corresponded with the rates of change in orthophosphate. The role of phosphatase activity in regeneration of esterified phosphorus in the estuary is discussed.  相似文献   

南极阿德雷岛淡水湖沉积物细菌群落研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

王鹏  王风平 《极地研究》2009,21(2):100-108

应用样品直接稀释涂布平板法,从南极阿德雷岛淡水湖沉积物中分离得到34株菌,并进行了生理生化性质检测。根据其16SrDNA全长序列所进行的系统发育分析表明,分离菌株分属于革兰氏阳性菌:节杆菌(Arthrobacter)、红球菌(Rhodococcus)、葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus);gamma-变形细菌(gamma-proteobacteria):假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)、不动杆菌(Acinetobacter)、寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas);beta-变形细菌(beta-proteobacteria):紫色杆菌(Janthinobacterium);拟杆菌门(Cytophaga-Flexibacteria-Bacteroides):假结核棒杆菌(Cytophaga)、土地杆菌(Pedobacter)等9个属。分离的菌株在4℃条件下能产生多种大分子物质水解酶类,其中32%的菌株能产生脂肪酶,18%的菌能够水解明胶或者产生卵磷脂酶。同时对沉积物垂直方向的可培养细菌生物量进行了分析,表明阿德雷岛企鹅排泄物输入量对微生物分布有较大影响。  相似文献   

甲壳纲(Crustacea)十足目(Decapoda)动物消化系统研究进展     

Zhu Liyan 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2000,30(Z1):115-121

综述国内外甲壳纲十足目动物成体消化道、消 化腺结构以及幼体消化系统发育等方面的研究成果,并对该领域与国外的差距及今后的研究 方向进行了探讨。  相似文献   

温度和pH值对南美白对虾(Penaeus vannmei)消化酶活性的影响   总被引：16，自引：3，他引：16  

沈文英  胡洪国  潘雅娟 《海洋与湖沼》2004,35(6):543-548

采用双因子交互的方法研究了不同温度和pH值对南美白对虾淀粉酶、蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性的影响。结果表明 ,南美白对虾肝脏、肠道、胃的淀粉酶最适温度分别为 30℃、35℃、30— 35℃ ,最适pH均为 6 2。肝脏、肠道、胃的蛋白酶最适温度分别为 5 0— 65℃、5 5— 65℃、60℃ ,肝脏蛋白酶最适pH为 8 5— 9 0 ,肠道蛋白酶最适pH为 7 5— 8 5 ,胃蛋白酶最适pH为2 0和 5 5— 6 5。脂肪酶的活力很小 ,肝脏、肠道、胃的脂肪酶最适温度均为 37℃ ,最适pH均为 7 7。同时测得南美白对虾肠道、肝脏、胃组织内的pH分别为 6 7— 7 0、5 9— 6 1、5 1—5 3。在三种消化酶各自最适的温度、pH值下 ,比较其活力大小 ,在肝脏、肠道、胃均为蛋白酶>淀粉酶 >脂肪酶。  相似文献