基于GIS的汶川县地质环境安全综合评价     

汪留洋  ;秦美玉那 《中国煤炭地质》2014,(11):39-45

汶川县内地质构造复杂,新构造运动强烈,地震活动频繁,主要地质环境问题以地质灾害为主,有崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等。在分析区内主要地质环境问题及分布特征的基础上,运用层次分析法（AHP）确定权重,采用模糊综合评判模型、综合指数模型两种方法,对汶川县地质环境安全进行综合评价。详细介绍基于GIS的评价计算流程及评价因子的提取过程。评价结果表明,地质环境对居民生产生活影响的危险等级占比为：危险性低的约占25%,危险性较低的约占20%,危险性较高的约占39%,危险性高的约占16%。对两组权重系数、两个模型下的四个评价结果进行对比分析,结果发现：1两组不同权重系数下,模糊评价法和综合指数法评价结果的双侧检验相关系数依次是0.97、0.98,属于高度显著相关,表示可以忽略人为赋权重对评价结果的主观影响;2两种不同模型下,评价结果的双侧检验相关系数依次是0.895、0.84、0.92、0.914,属于显著相关,表示不同的计算模型一定程度上影响了评价结果的准确性,在评价时要认真研究选择恰当的计算模型。  相似文献   

层次分析法在地下水质量评价中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

高宗军  董红志  许传杰  付青  王世臣 《地下水》2014,(3):49-50

开展区域地下水质量评价,突出主导因子对地下水质量的影响,提出将层次分析法引入地下水评价中,以单因子评价结果为基础对地下水质量进行二次评价。构建层次结构模型并组建专家组进行讨论,最终以专家打分的方式确定评价中各个因子的权重。分别对Q1, Q2两组地下水质数据进行单因子评价、内梅罗指数综合评价以及层次分析评价。对比评价结果发现,层次分析法能够在突出主导因子对水质评价的贡献的基础上,更为真实地反映区域地下水质量状况。  相似文献   

某电厂水库岸边取水工程施工实践          下载免费PDF全文

李建斌  刘国谋  赵存宝  李丽  袁慧敏 《探矿工程》2014,41(2):74-77,81

为满足某电厂供水需求,需在某水库进行岸边取水工程（含取水竖井、引水隧道、引水明渠3部分）施工。通过短段掘砌逆作工艺,井筒壁溶洞导水并将导出的水作为水源的一部分,实现了井筒干封底,顺利完成井筒施工;采用顶管技术＋管顶注浆技术在破碎岩体、涌水量较大地层成功完成引水隧道施工;通过岩塞爆破成功实现引水隧道和水库的连接;通过船载冲击成槽技术,实现了引水明渠的施工。  相似文献   

分散性土的抗剪强度特性试验研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

唐自强  党进谦  樊恒辉 《岩土力学》2014,299(2):435-440

分散性土是一种具有特殊工程性质的土,其典型的性质为抗渗性能差,耐冲蚀能力低,在纯水中具有很高的分散性。目前,人们对于分散性土的研究主要集中在鉴定、抗渗和改良等方面,而对其抗剪强度特性的研究很少。采用三轴CU试验研究不同初始条件下分散性土的抗剪强度特性。结果表明:分散性土的应力-应变曲线在小围压、低含水率和高干密度的状态下呈应变软化型,在围压较大、含水率较高的情况下呈弱硬化型或硬化型;黏聚力和内摩擦角均随含水率的增大而减小,并且干密度越大受水分影响越强烈;黏聚力随干密度的增大而增大,在低含水条件下,黏聚力的增幅较大,而在高含水条件下,黏聚力的增幅则较小;内摩擦角随干密度的增大有少量增大。  相似文献   

高光谱和LiDAR联合反演森林生物量研究     

温雨笑  吕杰  马庆勋  张鹏  徐汝岭 《测绘通报》2022,(7):38-42

估算森林地上生物量(AGB)对于全球实现碳中和目标至关重要。本文以美国缅因州Howland森林为研究区域,借助地面实测样地数据,对比分析协同不同数据源(高光谱和LiDAR)和机器学习算法(随机森林、支持向量机、梯度提升决策树和K最邻近回归)的研究,以改善Howland森林的生物量估计精度。结果表明,采用LiDAR和高光谱植被指数变量模型的最佳精度分别为0.874和0.868,协同高光谱和LiDAR变量并采用梯度提升决策树回归模型的精度为0.927,即多源遥感数据要优于单一数据源。高光谱和LiDAR数据的协同使用对于提高类似于Howland地区或更广泛区域的生物量估计的准确性,具有普遍的适用性与一定的应用前景。  相似文献   

海口市风暴潮分布特征与影响因子探析          下载免费PDF全文

梁海萍  李团结  梁海燕  高璐 《海洋学研究》2022,40(2):83-92

基于1980—2017年实测潮位等资料,运用统计分析和数值模拟方法研究了海口市风暴潮分布特征与影响因子。结果表明：海口市受风暴潮影响较频繁,年均2.79次,通常发生在7—10月,且风暴潮引发的潮灾概率较大;风暴增水平面分布表现为：东寨港风暴增水强度位居第一,其次是秀英港,第三是海甸岛,南港增水相对较弱。影响因子体现为：地形的权重通常比热带气旋移动路径更大;热带气旋移动速度对海口市风暴增水有明显影响,移动速度为14~19 km/h时,风暴增水往往达到最大。  相似文献   

1960—2020年内蒙古荒漠草原连续无降水日变化特征分析     

宝乐尔其木格 《干旱区地理》2022,45(1):46-56

基于内蒙古荒漠草原9个气象站逐日降水和美国国家环境预报中心(National Centers for Environmental Prediction,NCEP)/美国国家大气研究中心(National Center for Atmospheric Research,NCAR)再分析资料,利用统计方法分析了该地区1960—2020年连续无降水事件变化特点及异常年份环流特征。结果表明:(1)连续无降水事件最多出现在夏季,但平均持续日数和最大持续日数在夏季最短,短期连续无降水事件和较长期降水事件相间出现是夏季降水分配格局,而其他季节则相反。(2)研究区年均无降水日数为304.1 d·a^?1,年均连续无降水事件次数为39.6次·a^?1,年均连续无降水事件平均持续日数为8.0 d·a^?1,年均最大持续日数为43.7 d·a^?1。(3)近61 a连续无降水事件3个参数变化不显著,但2005—2020年连续无降水事件次数显著增加而平均持续日数则显著减小。(4)年平均持续日数和最大持续日数均与连续无降水事件次数呈显著负相关关系,而平均持续日数和最大持续日数呈显著的正相关。(5)异常连续无降水事件期间对流层中高层有明显的温度、湿度和高度异常。  相似文献   

“大村庄制”合并村庄脆弱性评估——以宁夏永宁县试验区为个案     

刘学武  王旭东 《地域研究与开发》2022,41(1):151-155

宁夏永宁县试验区内各合并村庄受到外部扰动时会表现出一定程度的脆弱性,并通过敏感性与适应力状况表达出来。基于结构方程模型原理构建合并村庄测量模型、一阶脆弱性SEM,运算处理试验区内8个合并村庄1600份有效问卷的调查数据,优化出合并村庄脆弱性评估指标,估算评估指标权重;依据优化出的脆弱性评估指标及评估指标权重构建灰色定权聚类模型,从扰动、敏感性、适应力3个维度评估合并村庄的脆弱性。结果表明:试验区内合并村庄整体上扰动效果差、敏感性较强、适应力一般。脆弱性规律为扰动效果好则敏感性弱、适应力强、脆弱性程度低,扰动效果差则敏感性较强或强、适应力一般、脆弱性程度高或较高。  相似文献   

Characteristics and Carbon Storage of a Typical Mangrove Island Ecosystem in Beibu Gulf,South China Sea     

WU Bin  ZHANG Wenzhu  TIAN Yichao  LIANG Mingzhong  XU Jun  GU Guanhai 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2022,13(3):458-465

By studying the structural characteristics and carbon storage of the mangrove island ecosystem in the Beibu Gulf, this study provides a scientific basis for mangrove ecological compensation in the coastal areas of Guangxi, South China Sea. On the basis of the unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing images and a sample plot survey, the object-oriented multi-scale segmentation algorithm is used to extract the mangrove community type information, and one-way analysis of variance is conducted to analyse the structural characteristics of the mangrove community. The carbon storage and carbon density of different mangrove ecosystems were obtained based on the allometric growth equation of mangrove plants. The analysis yielded four main results. (1) The island group covers about 27.10 ha, 41.32% (11.20 ha) of which represents mangrove areas. The mangrove forest is widely distributed in the tidal flats around the islands. (2) The main mangrove types were Aegiceras corniculatum, Kandelia obovata + Aegiceras corniculatum, Avicennia marina + Aegiceras corniculatum and Avicennia marina communities. (3) Amongst the mangrove plants, Avicennia marina had the highest biomass (18.52 kg plant^-1), followed by Kandelia obovata (7.84 kg plant^-1) and Aegiceras corniculatum (3.85 kg plant^-1). (4) The mangrove carbon density difference was significant. Kandelia obovata had the highest carbon density (148.03 t ha^-1), followed by Avicennia marina (104.79 t ha^-1) and Aegiceras corniculatum (99.24 t ha^-1). The carbon storage of the mangrove island ecosystem was 1194.70 t, which was higher than in other areas with the same latitude. The carbon sequestration capacity of the mangrove was relatively strong.  相似文献   

Seed and Fruiting Phenology Plasticity and Offspring Seed Germination Rate in Two Asteraceae Herbs Growing in Karst Soils with Varying Thickness and Water Availability     

LIU Junting  LI Suhui  SONG Haiyan  LEI Ying  CHEN Jinyi  WANG Jiamin  GUO Xuman  LIU Jinchun 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2022,13(2):319-327

Shallow soil with low water availability is the key limiting factor for plant growth and reproduction in vulnerable karst regions. Annual herbs are pioneers adapted to these areas; however, little is known about the responses of their seeds and infructescence, and the germination of their offspring to these limited water and soil resources. In this study, we investigated how the seed and fruiting phenology plasticity and offspring seed germination rates of two annual Asteraceae herbs (Xanthium sibiricum and Bidens pilosa) respond to the harsh karst soil environment, by assessing the seed number, seed biomass and offspring seed germination rate. X. sibiricum and B. pilosa were grown under three soil thicknesses and three water availability levels in a full two-way randomized block design. The key results were as follows: (1) The number and biomass of progenies (infructescence and seeds) of X. sibiricum decreased with the decline of soil thickness and/or water availability (P <0.05). The infructescence and seed biomass of B. pilosa increased with the decline of water availability. (2) Seed quantity and seed biomass of X. sibiricum showed no correlation after their parents experienced resource reductions. A significant positive relationship between seed number and seed biomass was observed in B. pilosa (P <0.05). (3) The offspring seed germination rate of X. sibiricum did not change with the decrease of soil thickness under three levels of water treatment. However, the offspring seed germination rate of B. pilosa decreased significantly with the decrease of soil thickness under the control water level (P<0.05). The results show that X. sibiricum tends to improve its competitiveness by ensuring the quantity and quality of offspring in order to adapt to the shallow karst soils and dry karst habitats. In contrast, B. pilosa adapts to the unfavorable karst habitats by a risk-sharing strategy. B. pilosa produces more and bigger seeds to in an attempt to expand its survival range and escape from the unfavorable living environment, but this results in a lower seed number and germination rate of its progeny under the karst soil resource reduction.  相似文献