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991.
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A strong low‐pressure system traveled along the Japanese main island Honshu in October 2006. High waves and storm surge attacked the Kashima Coast resulting in huge erosion over the area. Airborne laser data measured in October 2005 and November 2006 were analyzed to estimate cross‐sectional changes within the subaerial zone. The results of the alongshore distribution of the changes of cross‐sectional area indicate that the amount of erosion of the 38 km‐long northern and 15 km‐long southern parts decreased toward the south in each part and that the amount of erosion was smaller in protected areas with artificial headlands than in unprotected areas. The local alongshore variation of the erosion and accretion patterns showed wavy fluctuations of several hundreds of meters. The total amounts of the estimated eroded volume of the subaerial zone over the northern and southern parts were 620 000 m3 and 600 000 m3, respectively. The Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN) wave model was applied to estimate wave conditions along the coast during the storm. The computational results were verified, and then the alongshore distribution of wave energies, expressed as the alongshore and cross‐shore components of the wave energy flux, was compared with the alongshore distribution of cross‐sectional change. The results show that the distribution of energy flux explains the distribution of erosion well: The alongshore variability in the cross‐shore energy flux is responsible for the large‐scale variability in erosion, and shorter‐scale variability is due to gradients in the alongshore energy fluxes, especially for the areas without coastal works. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
994.
Comparative analysis is carried out by using finite-domain power spectrum and lagged regression methods for the propagating characteristics and air-sea interaction processes of intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) in the Asia to western Pacific (AWP) region during the boreal summer between the active and inactive tropical cyclone (TC) years from 1979 to 2004.The results show as follows.(1) There exist more significant eastward propagating characteristics of the ISO in the active TC years over the whole AWP region.The ISOs of convection propagate zonally with more eastward extension in the years with active tropical cyclone activities,during which the 20-60-day period is strengthened,western Pacific becomes an area with evident characteristics of the propagation that is closely related to TC activities.(2) The air-sea interaction processes are the same in both active and inactive TC years,and the energy exchanges between the air and the sea play a role in maintaining the northwestward propagation of ISOs.(3) The air-sea interaction is more intensive in the active TC years than in the inactive ones.It is particularly true for the latent heat release by condensation as the result of convection,which may be one of the reasons resulting in significant differences in characteristics of ISOs between the active and inactive TC years. 相似文献
995.
996.
基于中国铁路部门逐年统计数据,计算了1975-2007年中国电气化铁路带来的逐年节能量和CO2、烟尘、SO2、CO、NOx与CnHm的直接减排量,并分析了其变化特点.结果表明,33年来电气化铁路使得中国铁路运输行业年均节省123.0万t标准煤的能源消耗,节能量年均增长13.9万t标准煤;CO2、烟尘、SO2、CO、NO... 相似文献
997.
气候变暖对刚察县采暖气象指标的影响及节能潜力分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用青海省刚察县1961—2008年逐日气温资料,运用数理统计等方法,分析了该地区采暖期气象条件变化及节能潜力。结果表明,1961—2008年间,刚察县采暖期平均气温上升,负积温减少,采暖初日推迟、终日提前,采暖长度明显缩短;采暖度日与采暖期平均气温关系密切,采暖度日呈极显著下降趋势,特别是1994年气温突变后,下降趋势更加明显,冬季寒冷程度有所减弱,能耗需求量减小;该县采暖能源需求异常偏多主要分布在20世纪60年代,偏多年份以70—80年代为主,偏少年份出现在80年代中期以后,主要集中在2000年以后。气候变暖所致采暖节能率为7%,这对节约能源、减少大气污染和温室气体排放较为有利。 相似文献
998.
Enhanced observational meteorological elements,energy fluxes,and the concentration of dust aerosols collected from the Semi-Arid Climate Observatory and Laboratory(SACOL) during a typical dust storm period in March 2010 at Lanzhou were used in this paper to investigate the impact of dust aerosols on near surface atmospheric variables and energy budgets.The results show that the entire dust storm event was associated with high wind velocities and decreasing air pressure,and the air changed from cold and wet to warm and dry and then recovered to its initial state.The response of energy fluxes occurred behind meteorological elements.At high dust concentration periods,the net radiation was significantly less in the daytime and higher at night,while the heat fluxes displayed the same trend,indicating the weakening of the land-atmosphere energy exchange.The results can be used to provide verification for numerical model results in semi-arid areas. 相似文献
999.
1000.
采用WRFV2.2中尺度数值模式对鄱阳湖地区200 km×200 km范围内,2009年11月5日00∶00至2009年11月6日12∶00不同高度的气象要素进行了数值模拟,得到了水平分辨率为1 km的鄱阳湖地区大气边界层风、温、湿度场和廓线分布的大气边界层物理特征.模拟结果发现:白天鄱阳湖面上空存在着冷岛效应并伴随湖风,而夜间湖面上空存在着热岛效应并伴随陆风,湖面与陆地之间最大温差可达6 ℃;同时地形以及下垫面类型对鄱阳湖区风场的分布具有很大影响,夜间存在一条东北西南走向的低空辐合带,白天逐渐消失;此外受风场和地形作用湖面上空的湿度分布也不均匀,白天湿度层厚度低而夜晚湿度层厚度高,湖中心右侧湿度值大于左侧湿度值.模拟结果能较好地反映鄱阳湖的大气边界层物理特征,有助于了解鄱阳湖地区区域气候的特点,以及由于地形、地理环境、地表特征所形成的不同高度上的风、温、湿的分布规律和大气边界层物理特征,为鄱阳湖地区局地天气预报、风能资源开发、环境保护等提供了科学依据. 相似文献