EFFECTS OF THE ENVELOPE DEGREE OF OROGRAPHY ON THE SIMULATED CLIMATE PROPERTIES   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

钱永甫  董梁 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1995,(3)

A primitive equation model with a zonal domain and a p-σ incorporated vertical coordinate systemis used to study the effects of the envelope degree of orography on the simulated properties of bothwinter and summer climates.Results show that the orography with a larger envelope degree can im-prove the simulations to certain extent,especially in winter.It is found that the simulated propertiesof climate are mainly determined by the co-effects of the land-sea and the orographic distributions,and the envelope degree of orography has a secondary effect.However it should be taken properly inorder to improve simulations:otherwise,it would be harmful.Different envelope degrees of orogra-phy can be adopted in different areas.  相似文献   

结构模糊随机可靠度的实用计算方法   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

王光远  刘玉彬 《地震工程与工程振动》1995,15(3):38-46

本文以模糊随机变量为基本变量，定义了结构的模糊随机功能函数，分析了结构有效状态与失效状态之间的模糊性，建立了结构的模糊随机极限状态方程。利用序关系给出单失效模式结构的模糊安全准则，讨论了ａ－约束水平条件下单失效模式结构的失效概率、可靠度及可靠指标，进而得出结构的模糊随机失效概率、模糊随机可靠度及模糊可靠指标等。本文给出的具体计算方法和目前设计规范中彩的方法是相对应的。  相似文献   

三峡水库运行条件下金乐滑坡稳定性评价   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

胡新丽  王亮清 《地球科学》2007,32(3):403-408

三峡水库运行后,水库水位每年将在145m～162m～175m间波动,库水位的浸泡软化作用及水位升降引起的地下水位的波动将会降低库岸岩土体的抗剪强度,影响已有滑坡的稳定性.因此,在实际水库运行条件下滑坡的稳定性是目前迫切需要研究的重要课题.针对库区大型复杂滑坡——金乐滑坡,分析了该滑坡的工程地质条件和形成机制;建立了二维有限元计算模型并选择合理的岩土力学参数;利用英国帝国理工学院ICFEP有限元软件,依据水库实际运行曲线,在一年时间内分7种不同的模拟状态进行了模拟.结果表明:(1)金乐滑坡在天然状态下处于稳定状态;(2)库水位上升状态下,滑坡前缘稳定性较相应的稳定水位状态较好;(3)水位下降状态,滑坡前缘将出现破坏,特别是162m下降至145m时,滑坡前缘出现破坏,存在中前部渐进破坏的可能;(4)金乐滑坡变形破坏形式为牵引渐进式,在一个水位波动周期内不存在整体滑移的危险.建议对滑坡前缘进行治理.  相似文献   

岩溶区层状缓倾角岩质边坡变形破坏机制研究     

刘宏  宋建波  王文俊 《地质灾害与环境保护》2007,18(4):67-73

在贵州岩溶区某大型工程台址工程地质环境条件研究基础上,采用地质历史过程机制分析法和数值模拟方法,对岩溶区层状缓倾角岩质边坡变形破坏机制作系统研究,总结出了4种变形破坏机制,即高陡的层状缓倾内边坡(A类坡)主要发生倾倒-崩落或拉裂-崩落破坏,低矮的层状缓倾内边坡(C类坡)则以小规模垮塌为主;缓倾外顺层边坡(B类坡)以滑移-拉裂型顺层滑坡或块状滑坡为主,而复合型边坡(D类坡)多以滑移-拉裂和弯曲-拉裂组合形式发生破坏.  相似文献   

Digital Image Based Approach for Three-Dimensional Mechanical Analysis of Heterogeneous Rocks   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

S. Chen  Z. Q. Yue  L. G. Tham 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2007,40(2):145-168

Summary This paper presents a digital image based approach for three-dimensional (3-D) numerical simulation and failure analysis of rocks by taking into account the actual 3-D heterogeneity. Digital image techniques are adopted to extract two-dimensional (2-D) material heterogeneity from material surface images. The 2-D image mesostructures are further extrapolated to 3-D cuboid mesostructures by assuming the material surface as a representation of the inner material heterogeneity within a very small depth. The iterative milling and scanning system is set up to generate the 3-D rock mesostructures. A Hong Kong granite specimen is used as an example to demonstrate the procedure of 3-D mesostructure establishment. The mechanical responses and failure process under the conventional Brazilian tensile test condition are examined through numerical analyses. The stress distribution, crack propagation process and failure model of heterogeneous material cases are simulated with a finite difference software. The numerical results indicate that material heterogeneity plays an important role in determining the failure behavior of rocks under external loading.  相似文献   

Application of saddlepoint approximation in reliability analysis of dynamic systems     

阮家荣  王家  区兆驹 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2007,6(4):391-400

The application of the saddlepoint approximation to reliability analysis of dynamic systems is investigated. The failure event in reliability problems is formulated as the exceedance of a single performance variable over a prescribed threshold level. The saddlepoint approximation technique provides a choice to estimate the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the performance variable. The failure probability is obtained as the value of the complement CDF at a specif ied threshold. The method requires computing the saddlepoint from a simple algebraic equation that depends on the cumulant generating function (CGF) of the performance variable. A method for calculating the saddlepoint using random samples of the performance variable is presented. The applicable region of the saddlepoint approximation is discussed in detail. A 10-story shear building model with white noise excitation illustrates the accuracy and effi ciency of the proposed methodology.  相似文献   

包络地形和重力波拖曳对区域气候模拟效果的影响   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

刘华强  钱永甫 《大气科学》2001,25(2):209-220

用NCAR区域气候模式(RegCM2)的数值试验，研究了包络地形和地形重力波拖曳作用对1991年5、6月份中国区域内气候模拟效果的影响。通过试验结果的对比分析发现，在模式中引入地形重力波拖曳作用可在一定程度上改善模式对气候系统和要素的模拟效果，使模拟结果更符合气候实况。包络地形对模拟结果也有一定的改善，但对于细网格的区域气候模式(RCM)来说，其效果不如重力波拖曳明显。不论是地形重力波拖曳还是包络地形，在模式积分的初期，它们的作用并不明显，随着积分时间的增长，它们对模拟结果的影响程度增大。  相似文献   

基坑支护结构破坏原因综述及实例分析     

刘善国  殷友东  彭新宣 《化工矿产地质》2001,23(3):181-184

高层建筑基坑支护结构破坏原因主要有 :支护结构整体失稳、基坑土体隆起、管涌及流沙的出现、支撑强度不足或压屈、墙体破坏、支护结构平面变形超过限度。某大厦施工中由于桩身强度不足、桩尖达到的深度不够及桩间距过大等原因 ,致使管涌发生 ,造成塌方。通过对事故针对性的处理 ,取得了良好的效果  相似文献   

软岩巷道变形破坏的非均一性及其控制对策     

邹正盛  刘明辉 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2001,12(1):13-17

归纳了煤矿软岩巷道变形破坏的非均一性的表现形式，从地质工程角度分析探讨其产生的原因。认为软岩巷道变形破坏的非均一性与软岩及其环境的非均一性和工程因素有关，是这些因素导致巷道软岩力学行为过程与支护结构体系力学行为过程不相适应、非耦合之故。文中总结了相应的控制对策，指出多种对策的有机结合的必要性,强调要正确使用这些技术对策，必须首先对巷道工程地质进行细致研究，要全面掌握巷道工程地质条件，掌握软岩的力学行为特征。强调支护设计要遵循大变形岩土工程设计的思想与原则。  相似文献   

Post-earthquake investigation on several geosynthetic-reinforced soil retaining walls and slopes during the Ji-Ji earthquake of Taiwan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hoe I. Ling  Dov Leshchinsky  Nelson N. S. Chou 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2001,21(4):3087

This paper gives an overview on the application of geosynthetic-reinforced soil structures in Taiwan. Taiwan has an unique topography and geotechnical conditions that rendered a less conservative and more challenging design compared to that of North America, Europe and Japan. The Ji-Ji (Chi-Chi) earthquake of 1999 gave an opportunity to examine the behavior of reinforced soil structures. The performance of several modular-block reinforced soil retaining walls and reinforced slopes at the vicinity of the fault was evaluated. Reinforced structures performed better than unreinforced soil retaining walls. The failure cases were highlighted and the cause of failure was identified. The lack of seismic design consideration could be a major cause of failure. The compound failure mode, the inertia force of the blocks, and the connection stiffness and strength relative to the large dynamic earth pressure, were among major items that would warrant further design consideration.  相似文献