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31.
32.
A riparian ecosystem downstream of a small dam in central Texas was instrumented for sap flow, soil moisture content, and stream level from 2001. Stable isotopes in water (D and 18O) were analysed from rainfall, stream, lake, and cored sapwood cellulose from cedar elm (Ulmus crassifolia). The isotope signature of water source to cedar elm was identified by back calculation starting with the water isotopes in cellulose, and accounting for leaf‐water evaporation and biological fractionation during cellulose synthesis. The estimated mean isotope of the source water to cedar elm was enriched above rainfall in similarity to stream water during 2002. Flow paths that may have contributed to estimated variability from regional base flow and recharge water were identified using the variably saturated HYDRUS‐2D model. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
33.
Enrichment experiments were carried out on seawater samples from the Israeli coast to characterise the nature of nutrient limitation. Phytoplankton chlorophyll, ATP, PC, PN, PP and bicarbonate and orthophosphate uptake rates indicate that phosphorus limitation is more extreme than that of nitrogen. A large increase in total nitrogen observed with P enrichment suggests that a substantial nitrogen fixation is mediated by picocyanobacteria in this kind of oligotrophic mediterranean waters. 相似文献
34.
The Chilean lake district includes diverse lentic ecosystems along ca. 700 km of the country (36°–43°S), including the “Nahuelbutan lakes”, “Araucanian lakes” and “Chiloe lakes”. This area is recognized as an important “hot spot” of benthic freshwater biodiversity in Southern South America. In Chilean temperate lakes, increased nutrient loads of P and N caused eutrophication, particularly in the Nahuelbutan Lakes. The freshwater Hyriidae mussel Diplodon chilensis (Gray, 1828) which is one of the most abundant species in Chilean temperate lakes, is known to be very susceptible to eutrophication. This species presents a clear reduction in its geographic ranges and is considered to be a threatened species in many Chilean lakes. In this study, we used a correlative approach to determine how eutrophication-driven changes in the food supply and in geographical parameters of different Chilean lakes affected the shell growth rates of D. chilensis. The results obtained from sclerochronological analyses of the mussel shells suggest an association with a group of environmental variables, including geographical types (negative), such as latitude and altitude, and limnological types (positive), especially phosphorous and turbidity. However, the D. chilensis populations under extreme conditions of turbidity in eutrophic and hypertrophic lakes are extinct or nearly so. The high positive correlation of the mean D. chilensis growth rates with orthophosphate (R=0.76; P<0.05), in relation to dissolved inorganic nitrogen, suggests that P is the major limiting factor of the primary productivity in Chilean temperate lakes. We discuss some implications of our results in terms of the conservation of biodiversity in temperate lake ecosystems at different taxonomic levels. 相似文献
35.
Costas Dounas Ian Davies George Triantafyllou Panayota Koulouri George Petihakis Christos Arvanitidis George Sourlatzis Anastasios Eleftheriou 《Continental Shelf Research》2007
Disturbance of the seabed resulting from bottom trawling affects ecosystem processes, such as the rate and magnitude of nutrient regeneration. The potential responses of the plankton community arising from such effects can be modelled, provided that reliable data on the effects on nutrient fluxes are available. In a north Cretan outer continental shelf and upper slope fishing ground (Heraklion Bay, Crete, Eastern Mediterranean) we applied a new field instrument which can simulate the passage of trawl groundropes across the sea floor and made direct seasonal measurements of the rate of dissolved and particulate nutrient releases resulting from seabed disturbance. These observational data were then integrated in a 3D ecosystem model. Results revealed that bottom trawling may trigger off considerable productivity pulses, in addition to pulses from the natural seasonal cycle. 相似文献
36.
三峡库区紫色土坡地养分状况及养分流失* 总被引:33,自引:3,他引:33
紫色土是三峡库区移民安置区的主要坡地土壤。本研究采用典型区域调查,代表性土壤剖面养分分析,结合实验小区人工降雨的方法,初步研究了发育于侏罗纪紫色砂泥岩母质上紫色土的养分状况、养分流失特点、过程及影响养分流失因素。 相似文献
37.
Walter K. Dodds 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1993,55(2):132-142
Dissolved inorganic nutrient pools are small relative to particulate pools, and dissolved pools turnover rapidly. It has been observed that pools change little from day to day on the sampling scales usually employed. A simple model is presented where uptake and regeneration rates balance to cause a local steady state concentration for dissolved inorganic nutrients. Enrichment and dilution perturbation experiments with lake water support the idea of steady state nutrient concentrations. Although inorganic nutrient concentrations are often controlled by biota, the absolute concentrations present tell little about the activity of that biota. 相似文献
38.
Unicellular gametophytes ofUndaria pinnatifida (Harv.) Sur. were isolated in Qingdao, P. R. China in April 1993 and in Tokushima, southern Japan in March 1995. Different
intraspecific crossings by using unicellular male and female gametophytes were successfully undertaken in Sept. of 1995 in
Qingdao. Sporophytes were transplanted to two different locations for open sea cultivation. One was at Zhanqiao (ZQ) Bay where
the water current was slower than that of another location—Taipingjiao(TPJ). A total of 218 adult sporophytes were harvested
on January 12 and 18 from TPJ and ZQ respectively. For eacn combination, 10 sporophytes were cultivated. Analysis of the morphological
characteristics of adult sporophytes indicated that the longest length between two bases of the serration of pinnate blades
(W2) is a morphological characteristic that can be transferred from the parent plant to the next generations regardless of
environmental variations. There was evidence that W2 was apparently determined by sex-linked factors, i.e., by male parental
gametophyte. Sporophytes from certain crossing combinations showed more vigorous growth than those from other crossing combinations.
It is therefore possible to select gametophyte strains which can be used as parental gametophytes for the seedling production
of sporophytes with more vigorous growth within shorter cultivation period. The morphology of hybrids from a Qingdao strain
and a Tokushima cultivated strain resembled that of both parental plants in frond features (wrinkled or smooth) and W2. Sporophyll
formation also varied with strains. The fact that adult sporophytes resulting from the same crossing combinations have identical
morphological characteristics under the same environmental conditions indicates the possibility of a new way to select strains
which are expected to be ideal for commerical production by purposely selecting, propagating, and seeding unicellular gametophytes
for sporeling production through freeliving techniques of gametophytes.
Project 39400102 supported by NSFC, also supported by National Climbing Plan B (PD-B642); and Bioengineering Center, SSTC. 相似文献
39.
40.
华北平原冬麦田土壤CH4的吸收特征研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
利用静态箱/气相色谱(GC)法,对华北平原冬小麦拔节—成熟期间麦田土壤CH4气体通量进行了测定,得出华北平原典型冬麦田土壤是大气CH4的弱吸收汇。试验期间土壤CH4通量存在明显的季节变化和日变化,麦田拔节—成熟期间土壤CH4通量日平均值为-18.3μg.m-2.h-1,波动范围为-4.3~-24.4μg.m-2.h-1;在土壤CH4通量的日变化中,观测到麦田土壤在午间和夜间都有一个吸收峰,峰值出现的时间因生育期不同而有所不同。试验期间CH4通量日平均值与土壤温度关系不明显,而与土壤水分呈负相关(α=0.01);日变化中土壤CH4通量与地表温度的相关性较差,而与5 cm地温相关密切。麦田拔节—成熟期间土壤CH4通量日平均值随NH4 -N施用量的增加呈递减规律,农田秸秆还田后不利于土壤对CH4的吸收。 相似文献