实验室海月水母大规模解体的初步研究     

迟艳红  王玮  王文章  黄有松 《海洋科学》2018,42(11):43-50

本实验针对两次突发的饲养海月水母(Aureliaaurita)大规模烂洞解体状况,通过对病灶处进行细菌培养,从其中每次发病水母中均各分离到2种优势病原菌菌株,利用PCR扩增和DNA测序技术,获得优势菌株16SrRNA基因序列,通过生物信息比对分析显示,导致两次海月水母发病的病原菌菌株分别为2种嗜冷杆菌(Psychrobacter sp.)和2种弧菌(Vibrio splendidusVibrio neptunius)。通过利用福林酚法进行此四种优势菌株的细菌发酵培养液蛋白酶活性的测定,结果显示,此4种细菌均具有较强的蛋白酶活性。根据实验结果推测,分离所得的2种嗜冷杆菌菌株(Paa1Paa2)和2种弧菌菌株(Vaa1Vaa2)作为此次发病海月水母的病原菌,有可能均是通过分泌胞外蛋白酶侵蚀水母伞体,从而导致伞体烂洞解体。通过本次实验分析,推测自然条件下水母暴发后的快速消亡是由水母自身免疫下降与细菌侵染的共同作用导致。  相似文献   

Genetic diversity and population connectivity of the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla along the South African coast     

M Brink  R Dale Kuys  C Rhode  BM Macey  KW Christison 《African Journal of Marine Science》2018,40(2):149-156

The collector sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla has been identified as a species with potential for aquaculture production in South Africa. The species’ roe is considered a culinary delicacy in Asia and Europe. However, T. gratilla remains genetically uncharacterised in South Africa. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to provide baseline genetic information consisting of estimates of genetic diversity and population stratification, which may aid in future sustainable use of this urchin resource. A total of 22 species-specific microsatellite markers were used for the genetic characterisation of T. gratilla samples from along the South African coast, at Haga Haga, Coffee Bay, Hibberdene, Ballito Bay and Sodwana Bay. A moderate level of genetic diversity was observed, with an average number of alleles of 7.89 and an average effective number of alleles of 6.57, as well as an average observed heterozygosity of 0.55. Population differentiation tests suggest that the geographically representative samples form part of a single, large interbreeding population, with a global F_st estimate of 0.02 (p > 0.05). This finding is likely explained by high levels of gene flow between these locations caused by extensive larval dispersal during the planktonic larval stage. The panmixia observed within these natural populations of T. gratilla indicate that they could be managed as a single genetic stock.  相似文献   

Molecular cloning and expression analysis of Crustin-like gene from Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis     

LIU Fengsong  LI Fuhu  XIANG Jianhai  DONG Bo  LIU Yichen  ZHANG Xiaojun  ZHANG Liusuo 《海洋学报(英文版)》2008,27(2):81-92

A new member of antimicrobial protein genes of the Crustin family was cloned from haemocytes of the Chinese shrimp Fennero- penaeus chinensis by 3 ′and 5′ RACE. The full-length cDNA of Crustin-like gene contains a 390 bp open reading frame, encoding 130 amino acids. The deduced peptide contains a putative signal peptide of 17 amino acids and mature peptide of 113 amino acids. The molecular mass of the deduced mature peptide is 12. 3 ku. It is highly cationic with a theoretical isoelectric point of 8.5. The deduced amino acids sequence of this Crustin showed high homology with those of Penaeus （ Litopenaeus ） setferus. Northern blotting showed that the cloned Crustin gene was mainly expressed in haemocytes, gill, intestine, and RNA in situ hybridization indicated that the Crustin gene was constitutively expressed exclusively in haemocytes of these tissues. Capillary elec- trophoresis RT-PCR analysis showed that Crustin was up-regulated dramatically from 12 to 48 h after a brief decrease of mRNA during first 6 h in response to microbe infection. The level of Crustin mRNA began to restore at 72 h post-challenge. This indicated that Crustin gene might play an important role when shrimps are infected by bacterial pathogen.  相似文献   

Characterization of defensin gene from abalone <Emphasis Type="Italic">Haliotis discus hannai</Emphasis> and its deduced protein     

洪旭光  孙修勤  郑明刚  曲凌云  昝金东  张进兴 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2008,26(4):375-379

Defensin is one of preserved ancient host defensive materials formed in biological evolution. As a regulator and effector molecule, it is very important in animals＇ acquired immune system. This paper reports the defensin gene from the mixed liver and kidney cDNA library of abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino. Sequence analysis shows that the gene sequence of full-length cDNA encodes 42 mature peptides （including six Cys）, molecular weight of 4 323 Da, and pI of 8.02. Amino acid sequence homology analysis shows that the peptides are highly similar （70% in common） to other insects defensin. Because of a typical insect-defensin structural character of mature peptide in the secondary structure, the polypeptide named Haliotis discus defensin （hd-def）, a novel of antimicrobial peptides, belongs to insects defensin subfamily. The RT-PCR result of Haliotis discus defensin shows that the gene can be expressed only in the hepatopancreas by Gram-negative and positive bacteria stimulation, which is ascribed to inducible expression. Therefore, it is revealed that the Haliotis discus defensin gene expression was related to the antibacterial infection of Haliotis discus hannai Ino.  相似文献   

Isolation and Characterization of Pathogenic Listonella anguillarum of Diseased Haft-Smooth Tongue Sole （Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther）     

TANG Xiaoqian ZHOU Li ZHAN Wenbin 《青岛海洋大学学报(英文版)》2008,(3):343-351

Studies were conducted to determine the cause of the acute mortality of half-smooth tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther juveniles in a fish farm in Jimo, Shandong Province, China, in June 2006. Gross signs of the diseased tongue sole included several petechiae and ecchymoses on the body and fin necrosis and hemorrhagic lesion at the base of the fin. Bacteria were isolated from kidney, liver and hemorrhagic lesions of the diseased tongue sole. Among 14 strains, SJ060621 was proved to be highly virulent to juvenile tongue sole with LD50 value of 〈1.0×10^5 colony forming units （CFU）mL^-1, while the remaining 13 were avirulent. Among the 16 antibiotics tested, SJ060621 was sensitive to gentamicin and nitrofurantoin. It was identified as Listonella anguillantm with conventional plate and tube tests in combination with API 20E analysis. 16S rRNA gene and partial HSP60 gene sequenceing analysis revealed that the strain was highly homologous with L. anguillarum. Examination of the infected musculature by electron microscopy indicated numerous bacteria and lots of macrophages containing phagocytosed bacteria. Histopathological investigations revealed severe necrotic degenerative changes in the infected organs. Indirect immunofluorescence assay （IFA） was employed to detect the location of occurrence of bacteria, and bacteria were found in aggregations in the inflammatory areas in musculature.  相似文献   

中国沿海长蛸(Octopus variabilis)自然群体线粒体COI基因遗传多样性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙宝超  杨建敏  孙国华  刘相全  刘丽娟  王卫军  郑小东 《海洋与湖沼》2010,41(2):259-265

对我国沿海5个自然群体长蛸的线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基I(COI)部分序列进行了测定和分析,经比对获得658bp核苷酸片段,其中碱基T、C、A和G的平均含量分别为37.02%、18.46%、30.15%和14.35%,AT的含量明显高于GC的含量。5个自然群体的长蛸中共发现18个变异位点,得到15个单倍型,包括4个共享单倍型,其中青岛群体的核苷酸差异数K以及平均核苷酸多样性指数Pi最高,烟台群体最低;群体间,青岛群体在群体间核苷酸差异数K、群体间平均每位点核苷酸替代数Dxy和群体间每位点净核苷酸替代数Da三个指标上都表现出比其它群体之间较高的水平,说明青岛群体具有最为丰富的遗传多样性。MEGA3.1软件计算5个群体间的Kimura2-paramter遗传距离,大连群体和青岛群体之间的遗传距离最远为0.0077,而大连群体与烟台群体之间的遗传距离最低,为0.0029。AMOVA分析表明,五群体间总遗传分化系数Fst=0.17410(P0.05),群体间遗传分化远小于群体内。NJ法和UPGMA法构建的分子进化树,5个地理群体的长蛸聚为两个族群,大连、烟台群体聚为一族群,青岛、连云港和舟山群体聚为另一族群。  相似文献   

High gene flow promotes the genetic homogeneity of the fish goby Pomatoschistus marmoratus (Risso, 1810) from Mar Menor coastal lagoon and adjacent marine waters (Spain)     

Carlos Vergara‐Chen  Mercedes González‐Wangüemert  Concepción Marcos  Ángel Pérez‐Ruzafa 《Marine Ecology》2010,31(2):270-275

The extreme environmental variability of coastal lagoons suggests that physical and ecological factors could contribute to the genetic divergence among populations occurring in lagoon and open‐coast environments. In this study we analysed the genetic variability of lagoon and marine samples of the sand goby, Pomatoschistus marmoratus (Risso, 1810) (Pisces: Gobiidae), on the SW Spain coast. A fragment of mitochondrial DNA control region (570 bp) was sequenced for 196 individuals collected in five localities: Lo Pagan, Los Urrutias and Playa Honda (Mar Menor coastal lagoon), and Veneziola and Mazarrón (Mediterranean Sea). The total haplotype diversity was h = 0.9424 ± 0.0229, and the total nucleotide diversity was π = 0.0108 ± 0.0058. Among‐sample genetic differentiation was not significant and small‐scale patterns in the distribution of haplotypes were not apparent. Gene flow and dispersal‐related life history traits may account for low genetic structure at a small spatial scale. The high genetic diversity found in P. marmoratus increases its potential to adapt to changing conditions of the Mar Menor coastal lagoon.  相似文献   

Cloning and characterization of proliferating cell nuclear antigen gene of Alexandrium catenella (Dinoflagellate) with respect to cell growth     

HUANG Jian  LIANG Shan  SUI Zhenghong  MAO Yunxiang  GUO Hao 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(3):90-96

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have been affecting negatively the shellfish and aquaculture industries around the world. Though a lot of efforts have been made to disclose the changes of environmental factors involved and their effects on the HABs events, the molecular mechanism of this process remains unclear. To address this problem, proliferating cell nuclear antigen gene (pcna) was isolated and characterized from Alexandrium catenella. It showed high homology to those of other dinoflagellates (89% and 91% homology to Pfiesteria piscicid and Pyrocystis lunula, respectively), and also 42%-43% homology to those of plant and animals. The expression level of pcna revealed by quantitative real time PCR was the lowest at the late lagging cell growth phase, increased to the highest at the late exponential phase, and then decreased at the stationary phase. Though the cell growth rate was also changing, no positive correlation between pcna expression level and cell growth rate was displayed throughout the whole cell growth stages (r²=0.024 6). However, the pcna expression level had the similar trend with the change of cell growth rate throughout the whole growing process, e.g., from increasing at the earlier cell growth stage to decreasing at the following stages, though slightly lagging to the latter.  相似文献   

On four closely related hypotrichous ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Spirotrichea): molecular characters, interspecific relationships and phylogeny defined with multigene sequence information     

GAO Feng  YI Zhenzhen  CHEN Zigui  AL-RASHEID Khaled A S  SONG Weibo 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(5):90-96

In order to clarify the phylogeny and relationships of the most confused hypotrichous ciliates, Holosticha-complex, four closely related holostichids (five populations), Holosticha bradburyae, H. diademata, Anteholosticha sp., and A. manca, were compared and analyzed using ITS2 secondary structures, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region and SSrRNA gene sequences. The ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region sequences of these four species were first sequenced, and they shared sequence identities ranging from 68.0% to 90.1%, while two populations of Anteholosticha sp. differed in three nucleotides (sequence identity 99.8%). There were several minor differences among ITS2 secondary structures of these species, while two populations of Anteholosticha sp. had the identical secondary structure. Phylogenetic trees inferred from the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region sequences of stichotrichs using multiple algorithms (Neighbor-Joining, Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian) revealed similar topologies. The results show that:(1) Holosticha bradburyae and H. diademata firmly clustered together with strong bootstrap supports, forming a sister clade with Anteholosticha sp., (2) Anteholosticha appeared to be a paraphyletic assemblage, in which the morphotype A. manca was more closely related to Diaxonella trimarginata than to its congener Anteholosticha sp. Phylogenetic analyses based on the SSrRNA gene and the combined sequences of SSrRNA gene and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region revealed the similar relationships between Holosticha and Anteholosticha, nevertheless their positions within the subclass Stichotrichia differed from each other inferred from different genes.  相似文献   

中国明对虾caspase 基因的克隆与表达分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

宋光年  金松君  张继泉  相建海 《海洋科学》2010,34(12):1-7

利用细胞凋亡来清除多细胞器官受损伤或有害的细胞,为动物发育过程中保持机体平衡起到关键作用。为了研究细胞凋亡在甲壳类动物应对病毒感染后所起到的作用,作者利用同源克隆技术获得了中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)caspase基因(FcCasp)的cDNA序列,并分析了该基因在对虾受到白斑综合症病毒(white spot syndrome virus,简称WSSV)刺激后的表达变化规律。结果表明,该基因的cDNA含有954个核苷酸,编码317个氨基酸,具有caspase家族典型的QACRG五肽蛋白酶活性位点(190-194氨基酸)。对注射了WSSV的中国明对虾FcCasp的表达进行分析,在5个时间点取其肝胰脏样本,经real-time PCR检测发现,WSSV刺激3 h后,对虾肝胰脏中FcCasp的表达呈现显著性上调,说明FcCasp的表达与WSSV感染密切相关,提示FcCasp基因与细胞凋亡相关。  相似文献