东海海底管道海流冲刷作用的影响因素探讨     

蔡春麟  张异彪  胡斌  施健 《海洋地质译丛》2013,(4):96-100

依据以往多次东海海底管道检测成果资料,分析和探讨了形成海流冲刷作用的各种因素,可以归结为内部海洋环境和外部环境变化两大因素,以及这些因素可能对海底管道产生危害影响的程度,并总结了在长期的海流冲刷作用下海管的空间状态、海底受冲蚀的表现形式和海床冲淤变化,提出了今后检测和维护工作的一些建议.  相似文献   

The genus Pseudo-nitzschia (Bacillariophyceae) in New Zealand: analysis of the last decade's monitoring data     

L Rhodes  W Jiang  B Knight  J Adamson  K Smith  V Langi 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):490-503

The diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia blooms throughout New Zealand's coastal waters. More than a decade of monitoring data were analysed in this study and seasonality was a significant factor in the appearance of Pseudo-nitzschia blooms. Austral spring and summer were the main bloom periods, although there were regional differences. Between January 2000 and August 2011, 8.4% of 29,000 seawater samples analysed for Pseudo-nitzschia exceeded the voluntary trigger level for biotoxin testing (10×10⁴ cells l^?1), and these were analysed by fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) assays. Pseudo-nitzschia fraudulenta and P. pseudodelicatissima (low domoic acid [DA] producers) were the dominant bloom formers throughout New Zealand (each contributing 25%) followed by the highly toxic P. australis (10%). Shellfish flesh testing for DA was triggered on 8477 occasions between 2000 and 2011, but no samples exceeded the regulatory limit (20 mg/kg); the maximum concentration was 13 mg/kg (Marlborough Sounds, mid-winter 2010).  相似文献   

海带中抑藻活性化合物的分离及抑藻活性分析     

孙颖颖  朱文轩  周静  庄丽雯  毛奕淋  赵秀芳  王长海 《海洋学报》2022,44(2):143-154

以2000 g海带为原料、米氏凯伦藻为测试微藻,采用甲醇浸提、液液萃取、硅胶柱层析、Seph-adax LH-20凝胶柱层析和硅胶薄层层析等分离方法,纯化可能具有抑藻活性的化合物,制备到5个薄层纯样品,B21(1.39 g)、B131(0.51 g)、B132(0.48 g)、C211(0.016 g)和C212(0....  相似文献   

三种海洋浮游微藻的分子鉴定及培养条件研究     

徐娜  逄少军 《海洋科学》2012,36(10):13-25

采用分子生物学手段结合形态特征对海洋中生活着的浮游单细胞海藻进行准确无误的分类鉴定,正在成为一种普遍接受的方式。这样做的前提是首先需要从海水中分离得到纯藻株, 掌握它们的生活条件, 获得生物量, 并进而完成鉴定。作者对一株裸甲藻类似种和两株新分离的赤潮单细胞海藻进行了分离、培养和鉴定。核糖体18S RNA 基因(18S rDNA)和转录单元内间隔区(ITS)序列分析结果显示这三株藻分别为共生甲藻(Symbiodinium sp.)、锥状斯氏藻(Scrippsiella trochoidea)和赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiwo)。作者以广泛使用的光密度值A₆₈₀作为衡量藻体生物量变化的指标, 研究了这三种藻在不同培养条件下的生长。结果表明, 在批次培养中, 共生甲藻、锥状斯氏藻和赤潮异弯藻的生物量都在22℃达到最大, 分别为9.28×10⁵个/mL、7.9×10⁴个/mL 和4.75×10⁵个/mL; 强光和长时间光照促进生长, 但锥状斯氏藻在强光下更早进入衰退期; 三种藻都表现出较强耐受盐度变化的能力,在盐度为15～36 的培养液中生长良好; 营养实验表明, 使用882 μmol/L 的NO₃^- 和36.2 μmol/L 的PO₄^3-能够维持三种海藻的快速生长。  相似文献   

Preliminary investigations on Arctic microalgae by joint aDDlication of fluorescent instruments     

ZHANG Fang  HE Jianfeng  GUANG Yingzhi 《极地研究(英文版)》2012,(2):128-132

In vivo fluorescence has a wide application in analyzing microalgae, including assessing phytoplankton biomass, rates of primary production and physiological status. This study describes a preliminary investigation on the joint application of the three kinds of fluorescence analysis in the physiological study of microalgae. Flow cytometry and fluorescence spectrometry were used to obtain the in vivo static fluorescence information of pigments, and a Pulsed-Amplitude-Modulation chlorophyll fluorometer was used to detect the dynamic fluorescence of chlorophyll. The validity of the joint application was proved by analyzing two labora- tory cultured Arctic microalgae, Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima （Bacillariophyceae） and Thalassiosira sp. The higher value of minimum fluorescence yield in dark-adapted state （Fo）, actual photochemical efficiency of PSll （ФPSII）, and electron transport rate （ETR） exhibited positive results in a higher cell abundance and chlorophyll a content of P. delicatissima; whereas higher fl-carotene content of Thalassiosira sp. played an important role in the protection of photosynthesis.  相似文献   

微藻矿化去除Pb2+的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

韩冉  林文挺  杨鹏  黄振  刘明华  程扬健 《高校地质学报》2015,21(4):608

藻类作为水体中的初级生产力,通过生物积累、生物矿化等生理功能与环境中的重金属相互作用、对重金属地球生 物化学循环起到关键作用。为了探讨藻类生物矿化去除水体中重金属的现象,文中研究了淡水微藻FZUL-321对Pb2+的去除 及矿化。结果表明：微藻FZUL-321对Pb2+有较强的去除能力,且是一个快速去除的过程。随着Pb2+浓度增大,该微藻对Pb2+ 的去除效果也增大。在弱酸性条件下（pH5.0）,其去除Pb2+的效果较好。如在Pb2+初始浓度为100mg/L,pH5.0,去除时间 为40min,此时Pb2+的去除量为423.2×10-3干重。原子力显微镜（AFM）对细胞表面的形貌进行观察,发现微藻FZUL-321与 Pb2+作用后,细胞形貌和尺寸变化较大,如细胞褶皱并塌陷,细胞表面变得粗糙等。傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）结果表明藻 细胞表面的羧基、氨基和磷酸基团等官能团参与前期Pb2+的吸附沉淀。最终,通过一系列生化作用,微藻FZUL-321将离子 态的Pb2+矿化,X射线衍射（XRD）分析显示,矿化产物为Pb5(PO4)3OH。  相似文献   

浙江梅山湾表层沉积物中甲藻孢囊分布和多样性研究     

冷天泽  郭卓然  邵倩文  陆斗定  戴鑫烽 《海洋与湖沼》2024,55(1):145-154

甲藻孢囊可以为赤潮提供种源, 还可用于指示海区富营养化状态。以往对甲藻孢囊分布的研究多集中于开放性水域和自然形成的海湾中, 在半封闭性人工海湾中的研究较少。梅山湾原属南北开放水域, 但于2012~2017年在向陆侧建设了北坝和南坝, 使其成为半封闭式人工海湾。通过对梅山湾内外海域采集到的6份表层沉积物样品分析, 共鉴定出37种甲藻孢囊, 其丰度介于237~1 054 cysts/g。甲藻孢囊平均丰度湾内高于湾外, 推测是筑堤后湾内水动力减弱, 悬浮物质浓度降低, 水体透明度升高, 水中颗粒物质沉积速率降低和水体富营养化所导致。调查海域甲藻孢囊物种多样性指数介于1.63~2.47, 均匀度指数介于0.58~0.82, 两者湾外均显著高于湾内, 反映出湾内生态系统稳定性更弱, 发生赤潮的可能性更高。研究共检出16种赤潮种和9种有毒甲藻孢囊, 产毒种及赤潮种丰度和种类占比湾内都高于湾外, 优势种有原多甲藻(Protoperidinium sp.)、美利坚原多甲藻(Protoperidinium americanum)、透镜翼甲藻(Diplopsalis lenticula)、微小亚历山大藻(Alexandrium minutum)、链状裸甲藻(Gymnodinium catenatum)和锥状斯氏藻(Scrippsiella trochoidea)。“筑堤效应”加剧了湾内外表层沉积物中甲藻孢囊分布的差异性, 也加重了湾内有毒有害赤潮发生的风险, 故应重视对湾内有毒有害甲藻的监测。  相似文献   

Sorption-desorption kinetics and toxic cell concentration in marine phytoplankton microalgae exposed to Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate     

Renaud F  Oberhänsli F  Teyssié JL  Miramand P  Temara A  Warnau M 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(5):942-947

Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates (LAS) are ubiquitous surfactants. Traces can be found in coastal environments. Sorption and toxicity of C₁₂-LAS congeners were studied in controlled conditions (2-3500 μg C₁₂LAS/L) in five marine phytoplanktonic species, using standardized methods. IC₅₀ values ranged from 0.5 to 2 mg LAS/L. Sorption of ¹⁴C₁₂-6 LAS isomer was measured at environmentally relevant trace levels (4 μg/L) using liquid scintillation counting. Steady-state sorption on algae was reached within 5 h in the order dinoflagellate > diatoms > green algae. The sorption data, fitted a L-type Freundlich isotherm, indicating saturation. Desorption was rapid but a low LAS fraction was still sorbed after 24 h. Toxic cell concentration was 0.38 ± 0.09 mg/g for the studied species. LAS toxicity results from sorption on biological membranes leading to non-specific disturbance of algal growth. Results indicate that LAS concentrations in coastal environments do not represent a risk for these organisms.  相似文献   

从培养的微藻中初步筛选抗菌和抗肿瘤活性物质     

邓伟  王雪青  宋文军 《海洋通报(英文版)》2011,13(1):60-70

从8种微藻中制备水溶和脂溶性的提取物,用来筛选抗菌和抗肿瘤活性.抗菌活性是用抑菌豳法(细菌用金黄色葡萄球菌,枯草芽孢杆菌和大肠杆菌为指示菌,真菌用黑曲霉和产黄青霉为指示菌).实验选用的所有的微藻均有不同程度的抗一种或多种菌活性,抗金黄色葡萄球菌微藻提取物中的57.14%有抗耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌活性,采用MTT法体外...  相似文献   

Soil baseline geochemistry and plant response in areas of complex geology. Application to NW Euboea,Greece     

Christos Kanellopoulos  Ariadne Argyraki 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2013

A soil and vegetation survey was undertaken in NW Euboea Island, Greece. The objectives of the study were to establish the geochemical baseline of soil and identify the impact of local geology on threshold values of potentially harmful elements. The studied area is characterized by complex geology comprising metamorphic and ultramafic rocks as well as active hot springs. A total of 117 soil samples were collected from 89 sites at depths of 0–25 cm and 25–50 cm. Eighteen vegetation samples were also collected representing prevalent indigenous perennial species in the region. Soil samples from the present study were enriched in As, Ca, Cu, Mg, Ni with concentrations reaching 233 mg/kg, 38%, 336 mg/kg, 10.8%, 1560 mg/kg respectively. Factor analysis revealed three main factors controlling the chemical composition of soil reflecting the influence of ultramafic rocks (Cr, Ca, Mg, Ni), hot spring deposits (Ca, S, Sr, As) and paedogenesis processes (Fe, Co, V, Mn, Al). The first two of these factors showed significant spatial correlation with the geological features within the study area. Subsequently, baseline concentrations based on statistical and spatial data were estimated within sub-areas reflecting the influence of local geology in soil composition. Concentrations of potentially harmful elements in the plant tissues of indigenous perennial vegetation species showed a wide range of variation from below the detection limit up to 1700 mg/kg for Ni in the hyperaccumulator Alyssum chalcidicum demonstrating that plant species have adapted to the stressful conditions caused by high elemental concentrations in soil. The results of this study can be utilized in future studies at areas of similar geology by providing an objective basis for setting realistic threshold values for pollution assessment and remediation.  相似文献