NOAA WP-3D instrumentation and flight operations on AGASP-II     

R. C. Schnell  T. B. Watson  B. A. Bodhaine 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1989,9(1-3):3-16

The second Arctic Gas and Aerosol Sampling Program (AGASP-II) was conducted across the non-Soviet Arctic in March and April 1986, to study the aerosol, gaseous, chemical, and optical properties of Arctic haze. One component of the program was supported with an instrumented NOAA WP-3D atmospheric research aircraft. Measurements of wind, temperature, ozone, water vapor, condensation nucleus concentration, and aerosol scattering extinction coefficient were used to determine the locations and properties of haze layers. The first three NOAA WP-3D research flights were conducted north of Barrow, Alaska, and over the Beaufort Sea northeast of Barter Island, Alaska. The next three sampled conditions in the high Arctic near Alert, Northwest Territories, Canada. All basic meteorological, gas, and aerosol systems are described. The WP-3D flight tracks and operations are presented.  相似文献   

Arctic hazes in summer over Greenland and the North American Arctic: II. Nature and concentrations of accumulation-mode and giant particles     

Yutaka Ishizaka  Peter V. Hobbs  Lawrence F. Radke 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1989,9(1-3):149-159

Airborne measurements made during August 1985 over Greenland and its environs show that both accumulation-mode (0.1 m D2.0 m) and giant (D2 m) particles were present in relatively high concentrations in arctic haze layers and that the accumulation-mode particles dominated light scattering. Particles with diameters (D) between 1 and 4 m consisted predominately of mixed materials, small and dense inclusions, and probably organic compounds containing sulfur. Many of the particles from 0.1 to 1 m in diameter were also of mixed composition, with sulfuric acid, ammonium sulfate and organics probably the dominant constituents.  相似文献   

Changes to the Surface Level Solar Ultraviolet-B Radiation Due to Haze Perturbation     

Mohammed Ilyas  Arunsala Pandy  Mohd. Suhaimi Jaafar 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2001,40(2):111-121

The South-East Asian region experienced a haze episode in 1994 which was widely believed to be due to widespread forest fires in Sumatra and Kalimantan (Indonesia). Broadband measurements of the surface level solar ultraviolet-B, UV-A and Global radiation at Penang (Malaysia) are used to study the effect of the 1994 haze on effective UV-B irradiance. We find that during the haze episode, there is enhanced absorption of surface level UV-B radiation. The effect of haze on UV-A and Global radiation is much less. The reduction in absolute noon time UV-B irradiance (mostly cloud free) during the 1994 haze period was 23% relative to the UV-B irradiance during thecorresponding haze-free period in 1995. Even though the noon time radiation data minimizes the cloud effect in the results presented some cloud effect is still present.  相似文献   

1980～～2014年中国中东部持续性霾天气的多尺度变化特征     

王素  黄刚  胡开明  王林 《气候与环境研究》2020,25(1):103-112

对1980～2014年中国中东部地区324个台站的持续性霾天气的时空变化和相关气象影响因子进行分析，结果表明:中东部地区年平均持续性霾事件和其在所有霾事件的贡献比例逐年增加，增长率分别为0.79 (10 a)-1和2.7% (10 a)-1。主要表现为3个大值区:华北平原地区（包括山西省、京津冀地区）、长江三角洲和四川盆地东部，增加最显著的区域位于黄淮地区，增长率分别为6.3 (10 a)-1、13.95 d (10 a)-1。1月是持续性霾事件的高发月，月均2.56 d。夏季和秋季持续性霾事件增加最为明显，增长率分别为0.38 (10 a)-1和0.46 (10 a)-1。不利的气象条件，如静风日数的增加，风速和大风日数的减少，以及不利的环流形势，如东亚冬季风的减弱，都可能造成持续性霾天气的增加和异常维持。  相似文献   

近50a来桂林市灰霾天气的气候特征及热岛效应影响     

唐伍斌 《广西气象》2007,28(4):20-21,25

根据桂林基准站1957～2006年的观测资料,对桂林市灰霾天气的年、季变化规律及与热岛效应的关系进行了分析。结果表明,桂林市年灰霾日数平均值为30d,80年代前年灰霾日数变化相对平稳,年平均值为8.6d,处于较低水平,80年代后灰霾日数年平均值为49d,比80年代前增加了40.4d,年平均灰霾日数呈明显的线性增长趋势;灰霾日数的月季变化表现为秋冬季多,春夏季少的分布特征,秋冬两个季节的灰霾日数占全年的76%;90年代后桂林出现热岛效应,第四季度尤为明显,与灰霾天气也大多出现在这个季节的分析结果一致。  相似文献   

Effect of Atmospheric Haze on the Deterioration of Visibility over the Pearl River Delta   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

WU Dui  BI Xueyan  DENG Xuejiao  LI Fei  TAN Haobo  LIAO Guolian  HUANG Jian 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2007,21(2):215-223

The studies on the effect of atmospheric aerosol on climate and environment are hot issues in the current circle of international science and technology. In recent years the pollution of aerosol is getting worse and worse over the Pearl River Delta. The clouds of aerosol occur all year round, with heavy pollution area located at the western side at the mouth of Pearl River. The haze weather mainly occurs from October to April next year, resulting in visibility deterioration. From the beginning of 1980s, visibility dramatically deteriorated, obviously increasing haze weather, in which there are three big fluctuations, showing the periods of pollutions of dust, sulphate and dust, fine particle from photochemical process and sulphate and dust accompanying with the development of economy respectively. The long-term tendency of visibility caused by fog and light fog does not show a tendency due to human activities or economic development, which mainly shows the interannual and interdecadal variation of climate. The deterioration of visibility has close relation to the fine particles over Pearl River Delta, with half of PM10 overpass the limited value set by national second graded standard (150μg m-3), meanwhile, all values of PM2.5 overpass the day-mean limited value of American national standard (65μg m-3), especially from October to January next year, monthly mean values of PM2.5 almost reach two times of standard value, indicating the fine particle concentration is very high. The ratio of PM2.5 to PM10 is also very high, reaching 58%-77%, higher especially in dry season than in rainy season. Thus it is the fine particle pollution in aerosol pollution over the Pearl River Delta. Compared with the data of 15 years ago, the ratio of fine particle to aerosol has obviously increased.  相似文献   

基于无抽样小波的遥感影像薄云检测与去除   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈奋  闫冬梅  赵忠明 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2007,32(1):71-74

针对全色波段遥感影像提出了一种基于无抽样小渡变换的薄云去除算法。对实际的卫星影像和航空影像所进行的试验结果表明，该方法是十分有效的。  相似文献   

Radiance and color of the sky at twilight: Perturbations caused by stratospheric haze     

Glenn E. Shaw 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1980,119(2):231-247

Layers of stratospheric aerosol with optical thicknesses as small as 10^–4 cause noticeable perturbations in the monochromatic logarithmic brightness gradient,G, and the color ratio,C, of the twilight sky. Modeling of the twilight's radiant properties shows that definite single-valued relationships exist between maxima inC or minima inG and optical thickness, , physical thickness h, and mean altitude, , of stratospheric layers. It is therefore possible to determine , h and and monitor their variations by performing either single wavelength measurements ofG or two-wavelength spectrophotometric measurements ofC. The presence of haze in the lower troposphere and the occurrence of multiple scattering both have relatively minor influences on the recovery of the stratospheric dust properties, provided that 10< <30 km.Formal mathematical inversions of the single-scattering twilight equations are possible in principle, but difficult in practice because of non-linearities. Inversions incorporating an iterative linearization process with constrained smoothing, successfully recovered the features of the haze layer, but tended to oversmooth the vertical profile and underestimate the mean altitude of the haze layer.  相似文献   

徐州持续性霾过程的季节特征分析   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

吕翔  刘端阳  李冰峰  田园  段培法  孙建印 《气象》2015,41(9):1134-1143

利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP再分析资料及污染物浓度小时资料,从天气形势、地面气象要素特征、污染物浓度变化、霾形成及维持的机制等方面,分析了徐州2013年持续性霾过程的季节特征。结果表明：秋、冬季中高层为西到西北气流,低层暖脊,地面为高压后部或鞍型场;春、夏季在中高层西南风、低层高压后部偏南气流、地面风场不是很弱的情况下出现持续性霾。秋、冬季霾日夜间风速接近静风,白天风速较夜间略大,风向以偏北和偏东居多;春、夏风向、风速相对稳定,风速维持2~3 m·s-1,风向多为东到东南。秋、冬季出现霾时层结稳定,具有明显的贴地层逆温结构,逆温层顶较低,春季逆温层顶略高于秋、冬季,而夏季出现霾时可以是不稳定的层结,低层也不具备明显逆温特征。冬、夏季霾区上空多为微弱的上升运动,高度不高,其上为下沉气流;春、秋季夜间到早晨霾区上空多为下沉气流。  相似文献   

开平市1960—2012年灰霾的气候变化特征     

安宁  任爽 《广东气象》2014,(2):47-50

根据开平气象观测站1960—2012年观测资料,采用滑动平均、线性趋势分析等统计方法,分析了开平市近53年灰霾的气候变化特征。结果表明,开平市年平均灰霾日数为21.1 d,年最多132 d,年最少0 d,总体呈上升趋势,上升速率为1.72 d/年,特别是2000年以来年灰霾日上升趋势最为显著,上升速率达10.01 d/年。其中,20世纪80年代中后期、90年代中期和21世纪初是3个明显的上升阶段,21世纪以来,年平均灰霾日数58.4 d,是20世纪80年代平均值的近17倍。开平市灰霾以轻微为主,比例达57.6%,其次是轻度,比例为22.6%。另外,采用日均值、14：00实测值判别法得到的开平市灰霾日整体变化趋势与人工记录较一致,但3种方法统计的多年平均灰霾日相差较大,其中,日均值法计算的多年平均霾日数较14：00实测值法多13.8 d。  相似文献