鳗弧菌对魁蚶血细胞形态及免疫功能的影响   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

周丽青  杨爱国  王清印  吕振明  刘志鸿  田吉腾  吴彪 《海洋与湖沼》2014,45(3):536-541

本研究采用快速瑞氏-吉姆萨染色法观察鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)刺激后魁蚶(Scapharca broughtonii)几种血细胞的形态变化,研究不同种类血细胞的免疫功能。魁蚶血淋巴液中红细胞、白细胞和血栓细胞经免疫刺激后均发生形态改变,属于免疫防御的应激反应。经鳗弧菌免疫刺激后,红细胞无丝分裂现象增多,并参与病原菌的吞噬作用;白细胞变形运动、吞噬和融合现象普遍,细胞表面具有粘性,参与血栓的形成;血栓细胞主要表现出粘连和凝血的特性,偶有吞噬病原菌的现象;研究中检测了2种常规抗凝剂的抗凝效果,结果表明,2种抗凝剂分别改变了血栓细胞和白细胞的表面粘连特性,从而阻止它们参与凝血,因而都具有抗凝效果。本研究结果表明,魁蚶血细胞分工明确,能共同防御病原菌的入侵,细胞免疫在魁蚶血淋巴液抗菌免疫中起极其重要的作用,血细胞的形态变化和免疫功能分析可为后期研究魁蚶抗菌机制和筛选抗凝剂奠定基础。  相似文献   

Size of anal papillae in chironomids: Does it indicate their salinity stress?     

Ben J. Kefford  Kasturi Reddy-LopataColin Clay  Tarah HagenOrsolya Parkanyi  Dayanthi Nugegoda 《Limnologica》2011,41(2):96-106

Salinity of inland waters is affected by a range of human activities and is regarded as a major environmental contaminant in many parts of the world. Changes in salinity are well known to be associated with changes in macroinvertebrate communities of flowing waters. However, as many environmental factors co-vary with salinity, it is not known whether, and if so how, salinity causes communities to change. Being able to measure the osmoregulatory stress that individual stream macroinvertebrates are experiencing would be useful to understand if and how salinity affects their populations and thus communities. Additionally, inferring salinity stress in individual invertebrates could provide a valuable biomonitoring tool to detect the initial effects of salinity before major ecological changes have occurred. Osmoregulation in larval Chironomidae (Diptera) takes place in the anal papillae and their size is believed to be associated with osmoregulatory stress. In two laboratory experiments and a field survey in southern Victoria, Australia, we determine if the size of the anal papillae of larva chironomids is a useful biomarker of salinity stress. Experiments with Chironomus oppositus showed that the surface area of the anal papillae was similar in larva hatched across 5 egg masses collected from 3 sites but were affected by salinity treatments. Furthermore, the (transformed) ratio of this surface area to the body length of the larva was independent of the size of C. oppositus. However, for Chironomus cloacalis, this surface area differed between larva hatched from egg masses collected from the same site. The expected trend in surface area of the anal papillae relative to the size of larva (Chironomu alternans, C. cloacalis, Dicrotendipes sp., Criptochironomus sp. and Tanypodinae) was not duplicated in the field survey. It would appear that unknown factors, other than salinity, are affecting the size of the anal papillae of chironomids in southern Victoria.  相似文献   

低分子量氨基糖及其衍生物对角膜细胞生长影响的研究     

赵国燕  刘万顺  韩宝芹  梁晔 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,41(3):52-56

体外培养兔角膜上皮细胞和基质细胞,采用显微观察和MTT相结合的方法分析低分子量氨基糖(包括壳寡糖(chitosan)、羧甲基壳寡糖(Carboxymethyl chitosan oligosaccharide)、羧甲基甲壳寡糖(Carboxymethyl chitin oligosaccharide)、N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖(N-acetyl-glucosamine))对细胞生长的影响。结果在0~1000μg/mL浓度范围内4种氨基糖对角膜上皮细胞和基质细胞均没有细胞毒性,且均能促进角膜上皮细胞的生长,以壳寡糖和羧甲基甲壳寡糖效果最佳,二者与对照组相比均具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。壳寡糖、羧甲基甲壳寡糖和N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖能明显促进角膜基质细胞的生长,与对照组相比具有显著性差异(P<0.05),其中壳寡糖的促进作用最明显。提示低分子量氨基糖可适用于角膜细胞促生长的培养,为壳聚糖衍生物材料用于眼科研究提供一定的实验依据。  相似文献   

ENSO期间海洋性大陆典型地区闪电活动特征分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

林锦冰  马明  傅云飞 《气象学报》2013,71(1):109-120

利用星载闪电探测器(光学瞬变探测器(OTD)和闪电成像传感器(LIS))的观测资料,配合其他气象资料,对厄尔尼诺期间(1998年春季)和拉尼娜期间(1999年春季)海洋性大陆典型地区(11.25°S—3.75°N,96.25°—128.75°E)的闪电活动变化特征进行研究,分析了雷暴单体数目以及雷暴单体闪电率对闪电活动变化的影响,并通过对比厄尔尼诺年春季和拉尼娜年春季的大气环流形势、相对湿度、最大对流有效位能、对流风暴高度等气象要素,讨论闪电活动变化的原因。结果表明:(1)从ENSO期间雷暴单体密度和闪电密度的空间分布变化特征来看,厄尔尼诺年春季的闪电活动及雷暴活动均比拉尼娜年春季的多,并且,从闪电数目和雷暴单体数目的纬向平均、经向平均的年际变化可以发现在厄尔尼诺年春季闪电活动、雷暴活动有东伸南移的趋势。(2)在海洋性大陆典型地区,雷暴单体数目的变化是闪电数目变化的主要因子,而雷暴单体闪电率的变化是闪电数目变化的次要因子。(3)与1999年春季相比,1998年春季的副热带高压范围大、强度大;地面相对湿度大,高空相对湿度小,上下层湿度差异大,有利于对流发展;对流风暴高度较高,冰相粒子层厚度也较深厚,对流发展旺盛;最大对流有效位能大于300 J/kg的天数的空间分布极大值区域正好与闪电密度、雷暴单体密度的大值区域对应,雷电活动与对流有效位能值密切相关。  相似文献   

Inhibition of fish nodavirus by gymnemagenol extracted from Gymnema sylvestre     

V.Gopiesh Khanna  K.Kannabiran  V.Sarath Babu  A.S.Sahul Hameed 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2011,10(4):402-408

Viral nervous necrosis(VNN)has emerged to become a major problem in the culture of larval and juvenile marine fish worldwide.Bioactive phytochemicals isolated from commonly available medicinal plants are often screened for their efficacy in controlling fish viral diseases.Occurrence of newer viral strains and resistance to existing antiviral drugs are problems currently as-sociated with treatment of VNN,which necessitates looking for alternate sources for effective antiviral drugs.The aim of the present study was to screen antiviral potential of gymnemagenol(C30H50O4)previously extracted from leaves of Gymnema sylvestre.The fish nodavirus,grouper nervous necrosis virus(GNNV)in infected Sahul Indian Grouper Eye(SIGE)cell lines were used to study the antiviral activity of gymnemagenol under in vitro conditions.The susceptibility of the virus to gymnemagenol was confirmed by measuring the viral titre(TCID50 mL?1)in virus-infected SIGE cells every 24 h.Gymnemagenol at 20 μg mL?1 inhibited the prolifera-tion of GNNV to 53% at the end of the 6th d by inhibiting the proliferation of GNNV-infected SIGE cells.The viable SIGE cells were reduced to 47% as determined by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay.The viral titre(TCID50 mL?1)was also reduced to log 2.8 at the end of the 7th d in gymnemagenol-treated SIGE cells after inoculated with GNNV when compared to untreated control SIGE cell viral titre(log 4.1).Based on our results it can be concluded that gymnemagenol could be used as an antiviral agent against GNNV infection.  相似文献   

Humic Acid and Iron Chelation Modified Anode Improves the Electrochemical Performance of Marine Sediment Microbial Fuel Cell     

FU Yubin  CHEN Jiaqi  CHEN Yan  HUANG Xiang  LI Yang  ZHANG Huaijing  ZAI Xuerong 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2022,21(2):388-394

Marine sediment microbial fuel cell(MSMFCs)can be utilized as a long lasting power source to drive small instruments to work for long time on ocean floor and its higher power has a significant meaning for practical application.Anode modification can greatly improve the performance of MSMFCs.Herein,humic acid(HA)and humic acid-iron ion complex(HA-Fe)were used to modify the anode for constructing a better MSMFCs.The results indicated that HA-Fe modified anode,better than HA modification,significantly improved the MSMFCs cell power output.The maximum power density of HA-Fe modified MSMFCs is 165.3 mW m?2,which are 6.5-folds of blank MSMFCs.The number of microorganisms on anode,redox activity,and relative kinetic activity were 1.8-,6.1-,and 13.1-folds of blank MSMFCs,respectively.The MSMFCs improvement would be attributed to the electron transfer media of HA and the valence conversion of Fe ions.A synergistic interaction between the naturally occurring HA and Fe ions on the anodic surface in marine sediments would make the modified anodes have‘renewable’characteristics,which is beneficial for the MSMFCs to maintain its long-term higher power.  相似文献   

Rickettsial-like cells in the Cretaceous tick,Cornupalpatum burmanicum (Ixodida: Ixodidae)     

《Cretaceous Research》2015

Rickettsial-like cells are reported from the body cavity of the Myanmar amber larval tick, Cornupalpatum burmanicum (Ixodida: Ixodidae). These cells are characterized and described in a new collective fossil genus erected for putative rickettsia in fossil ticks. The size and shape of the fossil cells resemble those of present day members of the Rickettsiaceae, many of which occur in the body cavity of present day ticks.  相似文献   

人参败毒散加减治疗脾肺气虚、寒湿郁肺型新型冠状病毒感染（或肺炎）28例          下载免费PDF全文

吴添沐 《应用海洋学学报》2022,38(10):4

目的：观察人参败毒散加减治疗脾肺气虚、寒湿郁肺型新型冠状病毒感染（或肺炎）的临床疗效。方法：选择脾肺气虚、寒湿郁肺型新型冠状病毒感染（或肺炎）患者28 例,采用西药联合人参败毒散加减治疗。观察患者平均连续2次呼吸道标本核酸检测阴性的时间、中医证候积分和复阳情况。结果：平均连续2次核酸转阴时间为（10.22±8.84）d;治疗后患者胸闷气短、咳嗽咳痰、纳差、便溏、神疲乏力症状积分均较治疗前降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);出院后14 d有1 例患者在隔离点出现复阳。结论：人参败毒散加减治疗脾肺气虚、寒湿郁肺型新型冠状病毒感染（或肺炎）疗效颇佳,且可对反复复阳患者起到稳定转阴的作用,值得临床推广运用。  相似文献   

中药治疗便秘型肠易激综合征SD大鼠的实验研究          下载免费PDF全文

高鸿智  杨勇军  刘仕鸿 《应用海洋学学报》2021,37(4):161

目的：研究柴胡疏肝散合济川煎对肝郁气滞合并阳虚型便秘型肠易激综合征（IBS-C）模型大鼠的治疗效果及作用机制。方法：将56只SPF级雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组（8只）和模型组（48只）,模型组采用冰水灌胃、限制饮水结合慢性束缚应激的方法制备肝郁气滞合并阳虚型IBS-C大鼠模型。将造模成功的大鼠随机分为模型对照组、复方聚乙二醇电解质散（PEG-EP)组、黛力新组及中药低、中、高剂量组,每组各8只。各组进行药物干预14 d。观察指标包括大鼠一般状态、糖水偏好率、旷场实验评分、内脏敏感性、小肠推进率、结肠黏膜HE染色及血清5-羟色胺( 5-HT) 、生长抑素(SS) 、血管活性肠肽（VIP）含量测定。结果：与模型对照组相比,柴胡疏肝散合济川煎能使模型大鼠的粪便粒数、粪便含水量、Bristol 分值、内脏敏感性、旷场试验评分、糖水偏好百分比、小肠推进率增加(P<0.01 或P<0.05),血清5-HT、SS含量降低(P<0.05),血清VIP含量升高（P<0.05）;与PEG-EP组、黛力新组相比,中药高剂量组大鼠血清5-HT、SS均降低(P<0.05),VIP水平升高(P<0.05)。结论：大鼠肝郁气滞合并阳虚型IBS-C模型制备成功,柴胡疏肝散合济川煎可改善模型大鼠肝郁和便秘症状,其作用机制可能与降低大鼠血清5-HT、SS含量和升高大鼠血清VIP含量有关。  相似文献   

凡纳滨对虾急性肝胰腺坏死病(AHPND)研究进展     

李吉云  万夕和  沈辉  孟庆国  蒋葛  乔毅  冯艳琴  李浩澜 《海洋科学》2021,45(3)

自2009年以来,一种新兴的虾类疾病－急性肝胰脏坏死病(AHPND),对全球对虾养殖业造成了巨大的损失。已有研究表明,该病病原是一类含有特殊毒力因子的弧菌,主要是副溶血性弧菌(VPAHPND)。本文将从该病的发生与流行、病原、检测方法、防控措施等方面的最新研究成果进行阶段性的总结,以期为该病症的防控技术提供参考。  相似文献