2009年冬、夏季南海北部超微型浮游生物的分布特征及其环境相关分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

乐凤凤  蔡昱明  孙军  郝锵  刘诚刚  翟红昌  陈建芳 《海洋学报》2015,37(12):41-55

2009年2月(冬季)和8月(夏季)在南海北部海域(nSCS)采用流式细胞术对聚球藻、原绿球藻、超微型光合真核生物3类超微型光合浮游生物和异养浮游细菌的丰度和碳生物量的时空分布特征进行了研究,并分析了其与环境因子之间的关系。结果表明,夏季聚球藻和原绿球藻的平均丰度高于冬季,超微型光合真核生物和异养浮游细菌的丰度反之,为冬季高于夏季。聚球藻、超微型光合真核生物和异养浮游细菌在富营养的近岸陆架海域丰度较高,而原绿球藻高丰度则出现在陆坡开阔海域。在垂直分布上,聚球藻主要分布在跃层以上,跃层以下丰度迅速降低;原绿球藻高丰度主要出现在真光层底部;超微型光合真核生物在水层中的高值同样出现在真光层底部,且与Pico级份叶绿素a浓度分布一致;异养浮游细菌在水体中的分布与聚球藻类似。这些分布格局的差异,取决于环境条件的变化和4类超微型浮游生物生态生理适应性的差异。在超微型光合浮游生物群落中,各类群碳生物量的贡献因季节和海域类型的不同而发生变化:聚球藻在夏季近岸陆架区占超微型光合浮游生物总碳生物量的41%,原绿球藻在陆坡开阔海成为主要贡献者(50%),超微型光合真核生物碳生物量以冬季为高(在近岸陆架区占比68%)。冬、夏季异养浮游细菌碳生物量均高于超微型光合浮游生物碳生物量。  相似文献   

秦山核电站邻近水域异养细菌的的丰度及分布特征     

史君贤  胡锡钢  陈忠元  王小英 《海洋学研究》1991,(2)

本文描述了1989年4月～1990年4月在秦山核电站邻近海域异养细菌的调查研究,结果表明:水样中细菌量较高,年平均为10~5个/dm~3,而沉积样中菌数较低,仅为10~2～10~3个/g。菌群组成均以革兰氏阳性菌为主,优势菌为芽孢杆菌Bacillus,它们对碳水化合物和硝酸盐有较高的分解能力。  相似文献   

Community diversity of bacteria in digestive tract of mud snail (Bullacta exarata Philippi) and its rearing shoal   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Wang Guoliang  Zheng Tianlun  Lu Tongxi  Wang Yinong  Yu Hong  Jin Shan 《海洋学报(英文版)》2002,21(4):529-534

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｍｕｄｓｎａｉｌＢｕｌｌａｃｔａｅｘａｒａｔａＰｈｉｌｉｐｐｉｉｓｄｅｌｉｃｉｏｕｓａｎｄｎｕｔｒｉｔｉｏｕｓ ,ａｎｄｗｅｌｌ ａｃｃｅｐｔｅｄｂｙｐｅｏｐｌｅ,ｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙｉｎＺｈｅｊｉａｎｇＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ ,Ｃｈｉｎａ ,ｋｎｏｗｎａｓａｎｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃａｌｌｙｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｍａｒｉｃｕｌ ｔｕｒａｌｓｈｅｌｌｆｉｓｈｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ .Ｉｔｈａｓａｔｔｒａｃｔｅｄｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒａｂｌｅｍａｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔａｌｏｎｇｔｈｅｃｏａｓｔｏｆ…  相似文献   

牡蛎体内及其养殖水体中细菌耐药性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王瑞旋  李炳  林华剑  陈琦  陈秀程  牟红莉  王江勇 《海洋科学》2020,44(6):56-63

为进一步了解牡蛎体内外细菌的耐药性，对分离自阳江的香港牡蛎（Crassostrea hongkongensis）养殖水体及其内脏团的637个异养细菌进行了10种抗生素的药敏试验。采用纸片扩散法（Kirby-Bauer，简称K-B），参照NCCLS抗生素敏感试验操作标准，研究细菌的耐药概况。结果显示：健康牡蛎体内细菌对恩诺沙星和庆大霉素耐药率较低，发病牡蛎体内细菌对庆大霉素耐药率最低，次之为复合磺胺和恩诺沙星；水体细菌对氯霉素、恩诺沙星、环丙沙星耐药率较低，水体及体内细菌对呋喃唑酮耐药率最高，而对卡那霉素及青霉素耐药率则波动较大。结果还显示，不同来源的受试菌株多重耐药状况严重，来源于健康和病牡蛎的菌株在7月份的多重耐药率达到峰值，分别为66.7%和64.3%，养殖水体细菌多重耐药率峰值出现在4月份，最高达76.7%。总体来看，源于牡蛎养殖环境水体及其牡蛎体内的异养菌多重耐药比例较高，值得引起注意。而受试菌株对不同药物的抗性存在较大差异，且异养细菌对呋喃唑酮的耐药率明显高于对其它受测抗生素的耐药率。从时间动态上看，水体菌耐药率峰值出现于4月份，而牡蛎体内菌群耐药率峰值出现于7月份。  相似文献   

麦饭石促进异养反硝化去除水中硝酸盐的研究     

刘文君  刘通  胡伟武  陈男  冯传平 《现代地质》2022,36(2):574-582

微生物异养反硝化技术是市政污水处理中广泛应用的技术,但在实际应用中,微生物活性易受冲击负荷、重金属胁迫等环境条件影响,使出水效果不稳定。麦饭石作为一种天然硅酸盐矿物,能有效提高微生物活性及对环境胁迫的抗性,可以将其应用于微生物污染治理领域。通过批实验研究麦饭石的剂量、处理方式对异养反硝化的促进作用并探究麦饭石作用于微生物的机理。结果表明,麦饭石的投加剂量和处理方式均显著影响了微生物对硝酸盐的去除效果。硝酸盐去除率与麦饭石投加量呈正相关,麦饭石投加量为350 g/L时硝酸盐去除率可达96%,未添加麦饭石的空白组硝酸盐去除率仅为25%;处理方式会影响麦饭石对反硝化过程的强化作用,研磨后过200目筛的麦饭石在投加量<150 g/L时具有优势,投加量继续增大后,未经处理的麦饭石表现出更强的反硝化促进作用。进一步采用未经处理的麦饭石、研磨后过200目筛麦饭石及球磨麦饭石浸出液进行反硝化的促进实验及微生物毒性实验探究麦饭石作用于微生物的机理。实验结果表明,麦饭石浸出液能够提高微生物的活性及对环境胁迫的抗性,影响麦饭石生物促进作用的主要因素为其溶出微量元素的成分及浓度。本研究为天然矿物麦饭石应用于微生物污染治理提供理论依据和实际应用价值。  相似文献   

Terrestrial dissolved organic carbon consumption by heterotrophic bacterioplankton in the Huanghe River estuary during water and sediment regulation     

ZHANG Mingliang  YU Guanglei  WANG Fei  LI Bin  HAN Huizong  QI Zhanhui  WANG Tengteng 《海洋湖沼学报（英文）》2019,(3):1062-1070

Nearly 20%–50% of the annual terrestrial dissolved organic carbon(DOC)from the Huanghe(Yellow)River was transported to the estuary during the 5-14d of water and sediment regulation.The concentration of DOC increased sharply during the period of water and sediment regulation,which may promote the terrestrial DOC consumption by heterotrophic bacterioplankton.Water and sediment regulation provides an ideal condition for the study of terrestrial DOC consumption by heterotrophic bacterioplankton when terrestrial DOC increases sharply in rainy season,which may help to seek the fates of terrestrial DOC in the estuaries and coasts.In this study,the concentration and stable isotope of DOC,the biomass,growth,and respiration of heterotrophic bacterioplankton were determined.By the study,we found both average percent contribution of terrestrial DOC to the DOC pool and Contribution of terrestrial DOC to the carbon composition of heterotrophic bacterioplankton decreased as distance from the river mouth increased off shore,which was deceased from(39.2±4.0)%,(37.5±4.3)%to(30.3±3.9)%,(28.2±3.9)%respectively.255-484μg C/(L·d)terrestrial DOC was consumed by heterotrophic bacterioplankton.And 29%-45%terrestrial DOC consumed by heterotrophic bacterioplankton releasing as CO2 by respiration.Comparing with tropical estuary,terrestrial DOC consumed by heterotrophic bacterioplankton was lower in temperate estuary(this study).Temperature may limit the consumption of terrestrial DOC by heterotrophic bacterioplankton.  相似文献   

Selective uptake of prokaryotic picoplankton by a marine sponge (Callyspongia sp.) within an oligotrophic coastal system     

Christine E. Hanson  M. James McLaughlin  Glenn A. Hyndes  Joanna Strzelecki 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

Marine sponges are key players in the transfer of carbon from the pelagic microbial food web into the benthos. Selective uptake of prokaryotic picoplankton (<2 μm) by a demosponge (Callyspongia sp.), and carbon flux through this process, were examined for the first time in the oligotrophic coastal waters of southwestern Australia, where sponge abundance and biodiversity ranks among the highest in the world. Water sampling and flow rate measurements were conducted over five sampling occasions following the InEx method of Yahel et al. (2005), with heterotrophic bacteria and autotrophic Synechococcus cyanobacteria identified and enumerated by flow cytometry. Callyspongia sp. demonstrated high filtration efficiencies, particularly for high DNA (HDNA) bacteria (up to 85.3% in summer 2008) and Synechococcus (up to 91.1% in autumn 2007), however efficiency varied non-uniformly with time and food type (p < 0.01). Overall filtration efficiency for Synechococcus (86.6 ± 6.3%; mean ± s.d.) was always significantly higher (p < 0.05) than for low DNA (LDNA) bacteria (40 ± 17.2%), except during winter 2007 (p = 0.14) when ambient Synechococcus concentrations were lowest. When compared to ambient abundances of the different food types, Callyspongia sp. exhibited consistently negative selectivity for LDNA bacteria and positive selectivity for Synechococcus, while HDNA bacteria was generally a neutral or positive selection. The total carbon removal rate (sum of all prokaryotic picoplankton cells), calculated on a per unit area basis, varied significantly with time (p < 0.01), with lowest rates recorded during the winter (0.5 ± 0.4–0.6 ± 0.8 mg C m⁻² d⁻¹) and highest values recorded in summer (3.5 ± 1.9 mg C m⁻² d⁻¹). These flux estimates quantify the role of a demosponge species in the ultimate fate of prokaryotic picoplankton within the nearshore food webs of southwestern Australia, and support the conclusion that sponges actively select food particles that optimise their nutritional intake.  相似文献   

Dynamics of heterotrophic dinoflagellates off the Pearl River Estuary,northern South China Sea     

Wenlu Lan  Bangqin Huang  Minhan Dai  Xiuren Ning  Lingfeng Huang  Huasheng Hong 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

Variations in abundance, biomass, vertical profile and cell size of heterotrophic dinoflagellates (HDFs) between summer and winter and its controlling factors were studied in the northern South China Sea (SCS). It was found that HDF abundance and carbon biomass were 4–102 × 10³ cells L⁻¹ and 0.34–12.3 mg C L⁻¹ in winter (February 2004), respectively, while they were 2–142 × 10³ cells L⁻¹ and 0.22–31.4 μg C L⁻¹ in summer (July, 2004), respectively, in the northern SCS. HDF abundance and carbon biomass decreased from the estuary to inshore and then offshore. Vertical profiles of HDF abundance were heterogeneous, which accorded well with that of chlorophyll a (Chl.a). Higher abundance of HDFs was often observed at a depth of 30–70 m offshore waters, matching well with the Chl.a maximum, while it showed high abundance at the surface in some coastal and estuary stations. Small HDFs (≤20 μm) dominated the assemblage in term of abundance accounting for more than 90%. However, large HDFs (>20 μm) generally contributed equally in terms of carbon biomass, accounting for 47% on average. HDFs showed different variation patterns for the different study regions; in the estuarine and continental shelf regions, abundance and biomass values were higher in summer than those in winter, while it was the reverse pattern for the slope waters. Hydrological factors (e.g. water mass, river outflow, monsoon and eddies) associated with biological factors, especially the size-fractionated Chl.a, seemed to play an important role in regulating HDF distribution and variations in the northern South China Sea.  相似文献   

长江口邻近海域浮游细菌分布与环境因子的关系   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

李云  李道季 《海洋通报》2007,26(6):9-18

利用2003年9-10月"东海陆架水交换"调查航次期间获得的浮游异养细菌、寡营养细菌和光合细菌的分布资料和实测水环境数据,探讨了这三类细菌的分布特征及其与相关环境因子的关系。结果表明:在长江口邻近海域,以30等盐线为界,三类细菌的空间分布具有显著差异;调节制约这三类细菌类群生长和分布的环境因子不同;表层硝酸盐浓度1μmol/L可作为一个特征浓度,高于1μmol/L的海域,陆源输入的硝酸盐对于这三类细菌的生长和分布具有重要影响,低于1μmol/L的海域,硝酸盐的影响较小或无影响。同时,采用法国梅里埃API STAPH系统,结合电镜观察,对两株已获得纯培养的有色菌株进行了属种的鉴定,分别是变异微球菌(Micrococcus varians)和玫瑰微球菌(Micrococcus roseus),目前尚未发现这两种细菌在长江口及其邻近海域分布的报道。  相似文献   

Seasonal variation in the community and size structure of nano- and microzooplankton in Gyeonggi Bay,Yellow Sea     

Eun Jin Yang  Joong Ki Choi  Jung-Ho Hyun 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

To investigate the seasonal variation and community structure of nano- and microzooplankton in Gyeonggi Bay of the Yellow Sea, the abundance and carbon biomass of nano- and microzooplankton were evaluated at 10-day intervals from January 1997 to December 1999. Four major groups of nano- and microzooplankton communities were classified: heterotrophic ciliates, heterotrophic dinoflagellates (HDF), heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF), and copepod nauplii. The total carbon biomass of nano- and microzooplankton ranged from 10.2 to 168.8 μg C L⁻¹ and was highest during or after phytoplankton blooms. Nano- and microzooplankton communities were composed of heterotrophic ciliates (7.4–81.4%; average 41.7% of total biomass), HDF (0.1–70.3%; average 26.1% of total biomass), copepod nauplii (1.6–70.6%; average 20.7% of total biomass), and HNF (0.8–59.5%; average 11.5% of total biomass). The relative contribution of individual components in the nano- and microzooplankton communities appeared to differ by seasons. Ciliates accounted for the most major component of nano- and microzooplankton communities, except during summer and phytoplankton blooming seasons, whereas HDF were more dominant during the phytoplankton blooming seasons. The abundance and biomass of nano- and microzooplankton generally followed the seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton. The size and community distribution of nano- and microzooplankton was positively correlated with size-fractionated phytoplankton. The carbon requirement of microzooplankton ranged from 60 to 83% of daily primary production, and was relatively high when phytoplankton biomass was high. Therefore, our result suggests that the seasonal variation in the community and size composition of nano- and microzooplankton appears to be primarily governed by phytoplankton size and concentration as a food source, and their abundance may greatly affect trophic dynamics by controlling the seasonal abundance of phytoplankton.  相似文献