花尾胡椒鲷室内与室外人工育苗的比较研究     

罗杰  杜涛  刘楚吾 《海洋通报》2004,23(2):41-45

将花尾胡椒鲷(Plectorbinchus cinctus)的受精卵在室内育苗池和室外大池不同环境下进行人工育苗比较试验,在26℃～28．8℃的水温条件下,室内培育盐度保持26左右,室外大池的盐度变动范围为26．2～22．9,经过36d的培育,结果显示：①在室内育苗池培育的鱼苗成活率最高为13．9％,最低为6．4％,平均为11．0％;室外培育的成活率仅为6％,室内培育相对室外培育的成活率增加45．5％。②室内培育的鱼苗平均体长为34．5mm,室外培育为52．1mm,室外培育相对室内培育鱼苗体长增加33．6％。③活力试验。室内培育的鱼苗成活率最高为94．8％,最低82．4％,平均为90．9％,而室外培育的鱼苗成活率则达到99．6％,室外培育相对室内培育鱼苗活力试验的成活率增加8．0％。因此,室内培育鱼苗的成活率相对较高,但生长缓慢,活力较差;室外培育鱼苗成活率相对较低,但生长快,活力强。  相似文献   

马氏珠母贝早春育苗,缩短母贝养成期试验     

陈兆和  周庆堂  何水养  王忠 《广东海洋大学学报》1989,(Z1)

在室内人工飼养马氏珠母贝亲贝,进行早春育苗。比常规生产育苗提前二个月。生长快,贝体健壮,经养殖18个月长至壳高7.1厘米,体重52克。60％以上达施术贝标准,相当于常规生产贝苗26个月的生长水平。相对地缩短了养殖周期,提高了经济效益。且设备简单,操作方便,利于推广。  相似文献   

菲律宾蛤仔垦区三联人工育苗技术          下载免费PDF全文

肖友翔  巫旗生  祁剑飞  郑雅友  曾志南  林光忠  宁岳  郭香 《应用海洋学学报》2020,39(2):266-272

2017年9月至2018年1月,在福清东壁岛三联垦区(A、B、C)开展了菲律宾蛤仔垦区人工育苗技术研究,其中A、B垦区用于育苗,C垦区用于饵料培育,并于2017年9月开始分两批次共向A、B垦区投放菲律宾蛤仔亲贝1670 t。结果显示,育苗期间菲律宾蛤仔亲贝共出现4次大规模产卵。亲贝精卵排放率为32.0%~84.0%,孵化率为45.00%~68.54%;浮游幼虫生长速度为4.73~7.14μm/d,变态率为28.37%~59.67%;稚贝壳长生长速度为7.08~25.10μm/d,共培育砂粒苗7580亿粒,育苗成活率为50.23%。因此,采用垦区三联方法可保障菲律宾蛤仔苗种的生物饵料供给,从而提高砂粒苗的生长速度和成活率。  相似文献   

Producing ‘prehistoric’ life: Conservation breeding and the remaking of wildlife genealogies     

《Geoforum》2013

The giant tortoises of the Galápagos Islands, a species Charles Darwin called ‘antediluvian,’ are the focus of one of the world’s most successful conservation breeding programs. This paper explores the paradox of the breeding program, examining how ‘prehistoric’ life has been actively produced through nearly a century of work by scientists and conservationists dedicated to saving this endangered species. It traces the story of one giant tortoise, Diego, who was collected from the archipelago in the 1930s, lived in an colony at the San Diego Zoo for forty years, and returned to the Galápagos in 1977, where he became the star stud of the breeding program. I argue that the giant tortoises are not icons of a ‘pristine’ evolutionary history, but are the product of genealogies that enfold management practices in the bodies and bloodlines of wildlife. The paper focuses on the assemblages of reproduction at the center of these genealogies, drawing attention to the multiple agencies and spatialities that emerge in practices of experimentation – first at the zoo, where keepers struggled to keep the giant tortoise colony alive and healthy, and then in the Galápagos, where conservationists were eventually able to gain enough control over tortoise reproduction to standardize and replicate breeding practices. The case extends readings of conservation as a field of nonhuman biopolitics by attending to the production of wildlife itself as a strategy that facilitates the reproduction of conservation and tourism in the archipelago.  相似文献   

疣荔枝螺(Thais clavigera Kuster)人工繁育技术研究     

田传远  夏珮伦  张嘉荣  于瑞海  郑小东  顾忠旗  黄继 《海洋科学》2020,44(6):122-130

本实验开展了疣荔枝螺（Thais clavigera Kuster）室内全人工繁育技术研究；具体包括亲螺人工促熟蓄养、卵囊采集、孵化、幼虫培育、变态和采苗等技术研究，同时，还开展了后期面盘幼虫对不同附着基的喜好选择性实验，以及不同饵料和光照对幼虫附着的影响研究。研究表明：雌螺分批产卵，单个雌螺平均每次产出受精卵为61 750粒；在水温27~29℃时，面盘幼虫经过20 d左右的生长发育，壳长达到约600 μm，此时开始附着变态，由浮游生活转变为底栖生活；附着后10 d左右变态为稚螺。后期面盘幼虫对附着基的选择性实验表明，固着牡蛎苗的栉孔扇贝壳和附有底栖硅藻的波纹板，是稚螺理想的附着基。不同饵料和光照对幼虫附着影响实验结果表明：在附着变态期间，自然光照有利于幼虫附着变态；同时，连续投喂糠虾肉糜可显著提高幼虫变态率和稚螺成活率。本研究结果为今后疣荔枝螺产业化繁育提供了重要的理论和技术支持。  相似文献   

基于水文模型的雷达监测降雨量误差传递研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张利平  张晓琳  徐霞  李武阶  彭涛 《水文》2012,(1):13-17

基于多普勒雷达和相应的雨量计资料,利用卡尔曼滤波校准法对分组Z~I关系估算的雷达降雨进行同化,结合新安江模型,提出采用增长模繁殖法对雷达监测降雨量资料进行扰动,定量分析了模型输入误差对径流模拟的影响。经过湖北省白莲河流域的实际应用研究表明,卡尔曼滤波校准法估算降水量的精度比Z~I关系法有了明显的提高,其相应的洪水预报效果也都优于Z~I关系;提出的增长模繁殖法对雷达监测降雨量资料产生的扰动输入误差在经过模型的传递后有增大的趋势。  相似文献   

远海梭子蟹幼体饵料初步研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

廖永岩  董学兴 《广东海洋大学学报》2000,20(4):18-22

分别选用轮虫、轮虫 卤虫、轮虫 卤虫 扁藻、卤虫、扁藻为饵料 ,将刚孵化的远海梭子蟹氵蚤状幼体培育至幼蟹第二期。结果发现 :轮虫 卤虫 扁藻的效果最好 ,幼蟹第二期的成活率为 15% ,轮虫 卤虫的成活率为 11% ,卤虫的成活率为 10 %。而轮虫组仅能培育至 氵蚤状幼体第三期 ,没有氵蚤状幼体第四期幼体出现 ;扁藻最差 ,仅能培育至氵蚤状幼体第一期 ,没有氵蚤状幼体第二期个体出现。同时发现 ,轮虫 卤虫组与卤虫组培育时间均比轮虫卤虫 扁藻组长 ;各期幼体的阶段成活率比较而言 ,氵蚤状幼体第一期最高 ,而氵蚤状幼体幼体第五期最低  相似文献   

台风对工厂化虾池生态系统中COD的影响     

韦蔓新  童万平  何本茂 《广东海洋大学学报》2005,25(6):46-50

根据2003年7月台风发生期间工厂化虾池生态系中的实测数据,重点分析了不同养成密度虾池生态系中COD的变化状况及其影响因素。结果表明:台风气候对虾池生态系中COD的影响较大,台风发生时COD含量相对较高,台风前后相对较低;台风气候对COD周日变化的影响以养成密度大的养殖池较为显著,养成密度小的养殖池则影响较小;COD与环境因子之间的相关性差异也较大,台风前,养成密度大的养殖池与NO2-呈显著正相关(r=0.668),与T和Chl.a呈负相关关系(r=-0.608或r=-0.633);台风后与PO4-P、NH4+和Chl.a之间则表现的显著正相关(r=0.907、0.832、0.846)。而养成密度低的养殖池,台风前COD与pH呈显著负相关(r=-0.732),台风后与PO4-P和NO2-分别呈显著正相关(r=0.720)和良好正相关(r=0.591)。但在台风发生时,二池均无此类相关性出现。  相似文献   

Estimation of genetic parameters and breeding values in shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis using the REML/BLUP procedure     

ZHANG Tianshi  KONG Jie  LUAN Sheng  WANG Qingyin  LUO Kun  TIAN Yi 《海洋学报(英文版)》2011,30(1):78-86

An analysis of a selection experiment was used to assess the impact of various animal model structures on REML estimates of variance components.The analyses were carried out based on 162 d body mass (BM) of 1 287 animals from 21 paternal half-sib groups of Fenneropenaeus chinensis.Estimated breeding values (EBV) of BM of all individuals were estimated using eight statistical models (A,AB,ABC,ABDC,ABMFC,ABMDC,ABFDC and ABMFDC) and BLUP (best linear unbiased prediction).These models were designed involving factors such as sex,spawn date as fixed effects,maternal genetic effects,full-sib family effects as random effects,mean BM of families at tagging and age at recording (covariate).The results demonstrate the importance of correct interpretation of effects in the data set,particularly those that can influence resemblance between relatives.The data structure and the particular model that was applied markedly influenced the magnitude of variance component estimates.Models based on few effects obtained upward biased estimates of additive genetic variance.The accuracy of genetic parameters and breeding value estimated by ABFDC model was higher than other models.The results imply that additive genetic direct value,full-sib family effects,and covariance effects besides sex and spawn date as fixed effects were very important for estimating genetic parameters and breeding value of body mass.This model had a heritability estimate of 162 d BM of 0.44.The comparison of the efficiency of selection based on breeding values or phenotypic value revealed great difference:average breeding value of the best 24 families selected by the 162 d BM breeding value and phenotype were 0.577 g and 0.366 g,respectively,representing a 36.57% higher efficiency in the former.In conclusion,selection based on breeding value was more effective than selection based on phenotypic value.Our results indicate that effects influencing the magnitude of estimates should be taken into account when estimating heritability and breeding values for BM.  相似文献   

野生坛紫菜的选育及经济性状的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

纪德华  谢潮添  陈昌生  姚少铃  徐燕  柳佩娟  梁艳  王凤霞 《海洋学报》2008,30(1):140-146

从福建平潭岛不同生境采集的野生坛紫菜,经过2~3 a的筛选和培育获得野生品系b,c和d,通过体细胞酶解和自繁,获得丝状体和叶状体。实验结果表明:(1)野生选育品系b,c,d生长较快,日生长达3.25~3.75 cm/d,未选育的品系a日生长为2.12 cm/d,传统的养殖品种生长速度慢,日生长仅有1.37 cm/d;(2)选育的品系b对高温具有明显的耐受性,在高温30℃培养10 d,日平均增重率达4.34%,而对照组在水温27℃时培养5 d以上,藻体就开始腐烂;(3)品系b耐低氮、磷能力较强,在低氮、磷培养条件下,第9天色泽变为浅黄色,但没有腐烂死亡,此时将藻体移至含有氮、磷的正常培养液下培养3 d,藻体就可恢复正常,对照组的藻体在相同条件下,第6天藻体中部就开始糜烂,第9天叶片就有2/3溃烂;(4)在品质方面,品系b的总藻胆蛋白含量高达98.89mg/g,对照组的总藻胆蛋白含量仅有50.04 mg/g;本研究结果可为坛紫菜的遗传改良、野生品系选育及利用奠定基础。  相似文献