Modelling the advance–retreat cycle of a tidewater glacier with simple sediment dynamics     

J. Oerlemans  F.M. Nick 《Global and Planetary Change》2006,50(3-4):148-160

We present a simple coupled glacier-sediment model to simulate the evolution of a tidewater glacier. The model is based on a consideration of the total mass budget of a glacier, whereas ice mechanics are fully parameterized. The calving rate at the glacier terminus is assumed to be proportional to the water depth. We show that the formation of a morainic shoal has a profound influence on the response of a tidewater glacier to climatic forcing. For a slow periodic forcing of the equilibrium-line altitude, the model glacier advances steadily into the estuary, builds up a submarine terminal moraine, and then retreats rapidly when a critical point is hit. For a slowly increasing equilibrium-line altitude, at a rate as low as 1 m per 5 years, we find terminus retreat rates of up to 10 km in 50 years. Our model suggests that, although the response of tidewater glaciers to external forcing is strongly nonlinear, the onset of retreat is controlled by climate change.  相似文献   

均质土岸坡崩塌与河床冲淤交互过程试验          下载免费PDF全文

李国敏  余明辉  陈曦  胡呈维 《水科学进展》2015,26(1):66-73

在弯道水槽中展开系列试验,研究水力冲刷过程中均质土岸坡冲刷崩塌输移与河床冲淤过程及其影响因素。该过程及变化特征可描述为:水下坡面侵蚀及坡脚淘刷导致岸坡失稳崩塌;暂时堆积在凹岸坡脚处的崩塌体加剧附近水流紊动程度利于其输运与分解;分解后较粗的颗粒随弯道螺旋流以推移质形式被输移至下游凸岸落淤,较细的颗粒大部分都随水流以悬移质形式被携带至下游出口;水流结构随岸坡及河床变形而调整;如此循环往复。试验成果进一步表明:冲刷状态下,试验材料黏性越小、近岸流速越大、作用时间越长,岸坡冲刷崩塌量及河床冲刷量都越大;同条件下岸坡冲刷崩塌总量大于河床冲刷总量,且河床相对冲刷率随岸坡冲刷崩塌量的增大而减小,数值范围为0.40~0.92。  相似文献   

Seismic random noise attenuation and signal-preserving by multiple directional time-frequency peak filtering     

《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2015,347(1):2-12

Time-frequency peak filtering (TFPF) is an effective method for seismic random noise attenuation. The linearity of the signal has a significant influence on the accuracy of the TFPF method. The higher the linearity of the signal to be filtered is, the better the denoising result is. With this in mind, and taking the lateral coherence of reflected events into account, we do TFPF along the reflected events to improve the degree of linearity and enhance the continuity of these events. The key factor to realize this idea is to find the traces of the reflected events. However, the traces of the events are too hard to obtain in the complicated field seismic data. In this paper, we propose a Multiple Directional TFPF (MD–TFPF), in which the filtering is performed in certain direction components of the seismic data. These components are obtained by a directional filter bank. In each direction component, we do TFPF along these decomposed reflected events (the local direction of the events) instead of the channel direction. The final result is achieved by adding up the filtering results of all decomposition directions of seismic data. In this way, filtering along the reflected events is implemented without accurately finding the directions. The effectiveness of the proposed method is tested on synthetic and field seismic data. The experimental results demonstrate that MD–TFPF can more effectively eliminate random noise and enhance the continuity of the reflected events with better preservation than the conventional TFPF, curvelet denoising method and F–X deconvolution method.  相似文献   

广西百色盆地东部古近系那读组湖相灰岩   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

彭军  郑荣才  陈果 《古地理学报》2004,6(2):163-173

百色盆地东部田东坳陷那坤地区古近系那读组三段下部发育一套数米至数十米厚的湖相灰岩,岩石以浅灰色-灰色、含大量的螺蚌化石和具核形石结构为特征,间夹有薄层的泥岩、钙质泥质粉砂岩。本文在实测地表剖面和详细观察岩心的基础上,仔细研究了此套灰岩的岩石学特征。依据丰富的原生沉积构造、古生物化石标志以及沉积地球化学、测井相特征将湖相灰岩的沉积相划分为滨湖、颗粒滩、浅湖三个亚相以及灰泥坪、沼泽、颗粒坪、滩缘、滩核、滩间水道、灰泥浅湖、泥质浅湖等八个微相,并详细地研究了各微相的沉积特征。结合该灰岩的区域分布和沉积相的平面展布格局指出沉积相主体属于浅湖的颗粒滩,并提出了相应的沉积相模式。  相似文献   

长江中游沿岸过江大桥工程建设适宜性评价与地学建议     

赵幸悦子  彭轲  肖攀  何军  程刚  邓必荣 《中国地质调查》2019,6(5):99-106

基于长江中游沿岸地质环境条件及过江大桥场地建设基本要求,优选地形地貌、工程地质条件及区域稳定性3个评价因素,运用层次分析法开展长江中游沿岸过江大桥工程场地建设适宜性评价,将长江中游沿岸过江大桥工程分为适宜开发岸线、较适宜开发岸线、一般适宜开发岸线及非优先开发岸线4个等级。长江中游沿岸地区以较适宜开发岸线和一般适宜开发岸线为主,长度分别为625.19 km和598.99 km,分别占岸线总长度的31.35%和30.04%。针对长江中游不同等级岸线的地质特征,提出了相应的地学建议,为长江中游沿岸过江大桥优化选址提供地学指导,进一步促进长江经济带国土资源空间规划与岸线资源保护利用工作的开展。  相似文献   

Identification of groundwater mean transit times of precipitation and riverbank infiltration by two‐component lumped parameter models     

Nguyen Le Duy  Nguyen Viet Dung  Ingo Heidbüchel  Hanno Meyer  Markus Weiler  Bruno Merz  Heiko Apel 《水文研究》2019,33(24):3098-3118

Groundwater transit time is an essential hydrologic metric for groundwater resources management. However, especially in tropical environments, studies on the transit time distribution (TTD) of groundwater infiltration and its corresponding mean transit time (mTT) have been extremely limited due to data sparsity. In this study, we primarily use stable isotopes to examine the TTDs and their mTTs of both vertical and horizontal infiltration at a riverbank infiltration area in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD), representative of the tropical climate in Asian monsoon regions. Precipitation, river water, groundwater, and local ponding surface water were sampled for 3 to 9 years and analysed for stable isotopes (δ¹⁸O and δ²H), providing a unique data set of stable isotope records for a tropical region. We quantified the contribution that the two sources contributed to the local shallow groundwater by a novel concept of two‐component lumped parameter models (LPMs) that are solved using δ¹⁸O records. The study illustrates that two‐component LPMs, in conjunction with hydrological and isotopic measurements, are able to identify subsurface flow conditions and water mixing at riverbank infiltration systems. However, the predictive skill and the reliability of the models decrease for locations farther from the river, where recharge by precipitation dominates, and a low‐permeable aquitard layer above the highly permeable aquifer is present. This specific setting impairs the identifiability of model parameters. For river infiltration, short mTTs (<40 weeks) were determined for sites closer to the river (<200 m), whereas for the precipitation infiltration, the mTTs were longer (>80 weeks) and independent of the distance to the river. The results not only enhance the understanding of the groundwater recharge dynamics in the VMD but also suggest that the highly complex mechanisms of surface–groundwater interaction can be conceptualized by exploiting two‐component LPMs in general. The model concept could thus be a powerful tool for better understanding both the hydrological functioning of mixing processes and the movement of different water components in riverbank infiltration systems.  相似文献   

基于银行网点布局的河南省金融网络格局及结构特征     

刘丙章  彭宝玉  高建华 《地域研究与开发》2017,36(1)

以河南省126个县域(市区)为研究单元,运用2014年银行业的12 369个网点数据,借鉴连锁型网络模型,运用复杂网络分析工具和空间分析软件对河南省金融网络进行综合测度与结构分析。研究发现:1从金融连接度看,郑州是河南省的金融核心,洛阳是次金融核心;2金融核心具有较高的金融联系度和较强的对外金融联系,同时银行网点在空间上的布局并不完全遵循传统地理空间的行政等级制度;3在实体基础设施网络和银行网点虚拟网络共同作用下,河南省金融网络表现出了等级化和网络化的双重特征;4金融网络中,郑州—洛阳的金融连接度最高,金融连接度存在着一定程度的极化现象,并在空间上呈现出"一体两翼"的格局,且豫北的金融聚集现象较豫南明显;5河南省金融网络拓扑结构图具有较大的集聚系数和较小的平均最短路径,同时度分布在对数坐标中呈现幂律分布,说明整个网络同时具有复杂网络中的小世界网络和无标度网络结构特征。  相似文献   

中国城市网络化空间联系结构——基于银行网点数据的研究   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

马学广  李鲁奇 《地理科学进展》2017,36(4):393-403

基于当前城市网络和金融地理研究,以全国336个地级以上行政单元(城市)为研究对象,以33家国内外银行的88022个网点各城市间的级别和数量分布为基础数据,运用链锁模型、Zipf法则、社会网络分析等研究方法,对中国市间联系和城市节点的结构特征进行分析。研究表明：京津冀、长三角、珠三角、成渝和长江中游等五大城镇密集区之间的联系成为这一网络的主干,东西部网络密度以胡焕庸线为界呈现明显差异;城市联通度的规模分布符合Zipf法则,但呈现明显的双分形特征,各城市的节点度同样以胡焕庸线为界在东西部呈现显著差异;此外,国有银行、股份制银行和外资银行所分别对应的城市整体联通度和相对联通度在空间分布上也存在明显差别;上述结构特征同各城市经济规模和人口规模之间存在较强的相关性。从形成机制上看,朝向集中化和均衡化的一般空间政策和行业空间政策对这一网络格局的形成具有深刻影响。  相似文献   

数据银行技术在物探数据管理中的应用现状   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张绍红  王永江  刘司红 《物探与化探》1999,23(3):221-226

随着石油勘探开发的发展,要求人们从大量的新、旧资料中快速获取有用的信息.数据银行技术给用户提供了一个高性能的存贮管理系统,提供更安全的快速联机访问,可以大幅度降低存贮、维护资料成本,节省寻找资料时间,帮助地学家更好地作出决策.它提供了一个经济而有竞争力的服务.本文对数据银行技术的有关方面进行了简要的综述.  相似文献   

沙质岸坡上波浪传播变形及动力响应特性研究     

程永舟  郑余伟  李典麒  程海洋  徐立君 《海洋工程》2023,41(1):12-19

波浪作用对水库岸坡稳定性有重要影响。为了解波浪在岸坡地形中的传播演变机制和孔隙水压力响应特性,在波浪水槽末端铺设长6 m、坡度1∶16的斜坡沙床进行试验。通过改变入射波浪参数,测量斜坡段各处波面形态,采集斜坡段不同位置处孔隙水压力,分析了波浪在沙质岸坡上浅水变形区域内波面变化特征、波能演变规律以及岸坡土体孔压特征。结果表明：随着入射波浪厄塞尔数的增大,波浪浅水变形更加明显,波形不对称性加剧,各阶谐波之间互相作用更加强烈;水深较大区域,岸坡渗透作用大于浅水变形作用,波高呈现减小趋势;浅水变形剧烈区,浅水变形作用大于岸坡渗透作用,波高呈现增大趋势,最终破碎;孔压随入射波高与波周期的增大而增大,岸坡不同位置处孔压沿深度衰减速率和随波高增长速率均不同;岸坡孔压沿深度衰减速率与入射波周期呈现出正相关关系,与波高并无太大关系。  相似文献