鞍带石斑鱼(♀)×蓝身大斑石斑鱼(♂)杂交F1代变态发育和生长特征分析     

成美玲  田永胜  吴玉萍  李振通  张晶晶  王林娜  马文辉  庞尊方  刘成磊  孙芳芳  翟介明 《海洋学报》2019,41(8):52-62

为了深入研究鞍带石斑鱼(Epinephelus lanceolatus) (♀)×蓝身大斑石斑鱼(E. tukula) (♂)杂交F1代的变态发育及生长特征,本研究对杂交组和纯种鞍带石斑鱼胚胎发育时间、受精率、畸形率、孵化率和仔稚幼鱼生长性状(全长、体长、体高、肛前距）,以及杂交组卵黄囊和油球吸收过程,第二背鳍棘和腹鳍棘生长和收缩,口径和眼裂的变化等进行了详细的观察描述和统计分析。结果显示,在水温28℃条件下,杂交组和鞍带石斑鱼受精卵分别经21 h 24 min和21 h 32 min完成胚胎发育;杂交F1代受精率、畸形率和孵化率分别是89.09%±0.08%、35.16%±5.05%和62.59%±10.70%,与纯种鞍带石斑鱼无显著性差异。根据卵黄囊、第二背鳍棘、腹鳍棘、鳞片、体色等形态变化,将其胚后变态发育分为前期仔鱼(孵化后0～6 d)、后期仔鱼(孵化后7～34 d)、稚鱼期(孵化后35～46 d)和幼鱼期(孵化后47～86 d),前期仔鱼生长较缓慢,后期仔鱼到幼鱼期生长逐渐加快,86 d时杂交组和对照组体长分别达(60.80±0.50) mm和(51.80±0.47) mm,杂交组生长速度极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。在胚胎发育时期卵黄囊消耗量为29.45%,油球消耗量为20.75%,卵黄囊在孵化后1 d消耗最快,达58.70%。油球在孵化后3 d消耗最快,达32.08%,孵化后第5 d仔鱼卵黄囊和油球基本吸收完毕。第二背鳍棘、腹鳍棘在孵化后29 d达到最长,分别是(8.15±0.02) mm和(5.80±0.10) mm,至47 d完全退化,变态发育完成。第一天仔鱼眼径为(0.16±0.01) mm,至86 d眼径增大22倍,第四天口裂长为（0.09±0.02） mm,至86 d增大99倍。结果表明,鞍带石斑鱼(♀)×蓝身大斑石斑鱼(♂)杂交F1代胚胎和仔稚幼鱼发育正常,而且杂交F1代与母本相比具有较显著的生长优势,本研究为两种石斑鱼杂交苗种培育、发育研究和品种改良提供了丰富的数据。  相似文献   

饲喂频率对奥尼罗非鱼仔稚鱼生长、体成分和消化酶活力的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

强俊  王辉  李瑞伟  彭俊 《广东海洋大学学报》2009,29(4):79-83

研究在(28.0±1)℃条件下,5种不同饲喂频率对奥尼罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus×O.aureus)仔稚鱼的生长、体成分及几种消化酶活力的影响。结果显示:随着饲喂频率的增加,奥尼罗非鱼仔稚鱼的摄食率和特定生长率逐步提高,1次/d组的摄食率和特定生长率显著低于其他组(P<0.05);2、3、4、5次/d组的相对增重率之间差异不显著(P>0.05),但显著高于1次/d组;各组的饲料转化率随饲喂频率的增加而降低;胃蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶活力随饲喂频率的增加而显著降低(P<0.05);各组胰蛋白酶变化差异不明显(P>0.05);随饲喂频率的增加,奥尼罗非鱼仔稚鱼的灰分和蛋白质含量无显著变化(P>0.05);脂肪含量显著上升,水分含量则明显下降(P<0.05)。分析表明,奥尼罗非鱼仔稚鱼最适饲喂频率为3次/d。  相似文献   

Larval fish abundance and physical forcing in the Gulf of Alaska, 1981–2003     

Miriam J. Doyle  Susan J. Picquelle  Kathryn L. Mier  Michael C. Spillane  Nicholas A. Bond 《Progress in Oceanography》2009,80(3-4):163-187

The present study investigates ecological patterns and relationships to environmental variables among a time-series of larval fish species abundance from late spring surveys (1981–2003) in the northwest Gulf of Alaska (GOA). Links between interannual variation in species abundance and the physical environment were explored using generalized additive modeling (GAM). Trends in larval abundance and connections with physical variables displayed patterns that indicate unique and complex responses among species to environmental forcing during the larval period. In particular, the observed patterns suggest that ontogenetic-specific responses, representing sub-intervals of early life, are important. In addition, a notable degree of synchrony in larval abundance trends, and similarity in links with physical variables, were observed among species with common early life history patterns. The deepwater spawners, northern lampfish, arrowtooth flounder, and Pacific halibut, were most abundant in the study area during the 1990s, in association with enhanced wind-driven onshore and alongshore transport. Years of high abundance for Pacific cod, walleye pollock, and northern rock sole were associated with cooler winters and enhanced alongshore winds during spring. High larval abundance for spring–summer spawning rockfish species and southern rock sole seemed to be favored by warmer spring temperatures later in the time-series. This apparent exposure–response coupling seems to be connected to both local-scale and basin-scale environmental signals, to varying degrees depending on specific early life history characteristics. Understanding such ecological connections contributes to the evaluation of vulnerability and resilience among GOA species’ early life history patterns to fluctuating climate and oceanographic conditions. This investigation also provides crucial information for the identification of “environmental indicators” that may have a broad-spectrum effect on multiple species early life history stages, as well as those that may be more species-specific in exerting control on early life history survival. Of particular interest was the emergence of the EP–NP (East Pacific–North Pacific) teleconnection index as the top-ranked variable in the GAM models exploring the connections between late spring larval abundance and the physical environment. The EP–NP index represents an important and often primary mode of spring–summer atmospheric variability in the northeast Pacific, with a strong expression in the GOA, and its connection with species in this study implies that it may be a climate mode of significant ecological importance.  相似文献   

Spatial distribution and vertical migrations of fish larvae communities off Northwestern Iberia sampled with LHPR and Bongo nets     

Susana Garrido  A. Miguel P. Santos  Antonina dos Santos  Pedro R 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,84(4):463-475

The spatial distribution and diel vertical migration of fish larvae were studied in relation to the environmental conditions off NW Iberia during May 2002. Larvae from 23 families were identified, the most abundant were the Clupeidae, Gobiidae, Callionymidae, Blenniidae, Sparidae and Labridae. Sardina pilchardus was the most abundant species, mean concentrations 1 order of magnitude higher than the other fish larvae species. Larval horizontal distribution was mainly related to upwelling-driven circulation, resulting in an offshore increase of larval abundance while the vertical distribution was closely associated to the Western Iberia Buoyant Plume. Despite this general trend, taxon-specific relationships between the distribution of larvae and environmental variables were observed, and temperature was an important regressor explaining the distribution of most taxa. A comparison between ichthyoplankton samples collected alternatively with the LHPR and Bongo nets resulted in captures of larvae ≈1 order of magnitude higher for the LHPR, probably related to its higher towing speed. The spatial distribution and relative composition of larvae were also different for both nets, although the most frequent/abundant groups were the same. A fixed station sampled for 69-h showed diel vertical migrations performed by the larvae, with the highest larval concentrations occurring at surface layers during the night and most larvae being found in the neuston layer only during that period.  相似文献   

Current reversals as determinants of intertidal recruitment on the central Oregon coast     

Dudas  Sarah E.; Grantham  Brian A.; Kirincich  Anthony R.; Menge  Bruce A.; Lubchenco  Jane; Barth  John A. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2009,66(2):396-407

  相似文献   

海洋养殖鱼类仔稚鱼摄食和营养研究的进展   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

张其永  洪万树 《台湾海峡》2001,20(Z1):1-10

海洋鱼类人工育苗常出现仔稚鱼死亡率高的情况，它涉及到亲鱼培育、卵子质量、仔稚鱼营养需求、生物饵料供应和配合饲料取代等问题.本文就海洋鱼类仔稚鱼培育的饵料系列、亲鱼和早期发育中的脂类代谢和氨基酸作用、生物饵料的营养强化以及微粒、微囊饲料等研究进展作了概述.  相似文献   

斜带石斑鱼人工育苗技术试验   总被引：19，自引：2，他引：19  

周仁杰  林涛 《台湾海峡》2002,21(1):57-62

试验获得初步成功：用50万粒受精卵孵得34.8万尾仔鱼，经60日龄培育，获全长20.5-48.5mm（平均全长26.5mm)的斜带石斑鱼鱼苗0.4万尾，育苗成活率达1.2%。试验期间育苗池水温、盐度的变化范围分别为27.3-30.5℃和31.5-32.0。试验采用如下铒料系列：牡蛎担轮幼虫-轮虫-卤虫无节幼体-卤虫无节幼体 冰冻桡足类、海水技角类。试验经历了3个死亡高峰期，它们分别出现在育苗初期仔鱼开口阶段、稚鱼期30-38日龄阶段和进入幼鱼期以后，本文讨论分析了其成因。  相似文献   

热带海洋珍珠贝类立克次体(RLO)病研究 Ⅶ 大珠母贝育苗期幼虫群体RLO病流行病学研究     

吴信忠  潘金培  江静波 《海洋学报》2002,24(6):67-75

对流行病学分析显示大珠母贝幼虫群体的死亡是以暴发性方式发生,从胚胎发育前期至变态期,幼虫存在两个死亡高峰,分别位于壳顶期之前或壳顶期和壳顶后期.大珠母贝幼虫群体的死亡率与RLO感染之间存在显著的相关性,在RLO感染的高峰之后均相应伴随幼虫群体死亡率的高峰,随着RLO感染率和感染强度的降低,幼虫群体死亡率也明显降低.在TEM下未发现未受精卵母细胞、受精卵和胚胎早期幼虫感染RLO,最先出现RLO包涵体阳性感染的时期为24h尚未摄食的D形期幼虫,故认为RLO可能不是通过垂直传播,而是通过外界接触感染的方式感染宿主,贝体感染至发病死亡存在潜伏期.  相似文献   

苗期中国对虾幼体异养细菌区系及其变化与病害发生的关系   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8  

李筠  吕艳  李军  祁自忠  张晓华  王祥红  徐怀恕 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2004,34(6):1003-1007

研究了2个育苗场不同发育期的中国对虾(Penaeus chinensis)幼体的异养菌和弧菌种群变化的动态过程。以典型特征法、BIOLOGGN法和数值分类法对菌株进行鉴定。结果表明，对虾幼体样品中所分离的细菌，大多是革兰氏阴性杆菌。鉴定为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、气单胞菌属(Aeromonas)和弧菌属(Vibrio)。弧菌属主要为溶藻弧菌(Vibrioal-ginozyticus)和哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)。在对虾幼体发育早期，假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)和气单胞菌(Aeromonas)占优势，随着对虾幼体的发育，弧菌(Vibrio)渐成为优势，其中溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)和哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)优势明显。二者的消长与苗期病害的发生相关，溶藻弧菌总是在虾幼体健康时出现或成为优势，而哈维氏弧菌成为优势时，苗期病害容易发生。  相似文献   

酸碱度、盐度对方斑东风螺卵囊孵化率和不同饵料对幼虫生长发育、存活的影响   总被引：16，自引：2，他引：16  

罗杰  杜涛  刘楚吾 《海洋科学》2004,28(6):5-9

分别用pH6．32～9．76和盐度16．7～40．9共8个梯度的海水进行方斑东风螺(Babyloniaare Lamarck)卵囊的孵化试验。结果表明,卵囊孵化最适pH范围在8．23～9．35之间,孵化率均在80％以上,pH8．81时高达93．7％;卵囊孵化适宜盐度范围为30．3～37．0,盐度40．9时仍有67．0％的孵化率,表现出耐高盐的特性,盐度低于27．6,孵化率明显下降。幼虫在15d的培育过程中,通过投喂不同的饵料,结果显示投喂单胞藻比投喂人工配合饵料、酵母效果好,单独投喂扁藻(Platymonas subcondiformis (Wille)Hazen)幼虫生长发育最快,体长增长倍数达1．90倍;投喂扁藻、小球藻(Chdorella spp．)、扁藻 金藻(Isochrysis galbana Palbana)、扁藻 小球藻幼虫的成活率相差不明显,分别为58．5％、54．3％、63．3％和50．3％,而投喂人工配合饵料虾片、螺旋藻粉幼虫成活率则较低,只有3．6％和12．8％,投喂酵母第9天全部死亡。  相似文献