Current status and cause analysis of microplastic pollution in sea areas in China     

Wei Xiong  Xi Mei  Bei-bei Mi  Hao Yang  Zong-zhu Han  Yong Zhang  Wen-chao Lu 《China Geology》2022,5(1):160-170

As a new type of pollutants in the marine environment,microplastics have attracted increasing attention from scientific researchers and environmental protection workers in China and abroad.However,for the microplastic pollution in sea areas in China,there are a very limited number of studies on its current status and few reviews of research on the microplastics.This paper reviews the surveys and researches of microplastics in the Bohai Sea,the Yellow Sea,the East China Sea,the South China Sea,and main estuaries in China carried out in recent years and proposes an outlook for future work,aiming to provide research suggestions and solutions for ecological protection against microplastic pollution in sea areas in China.Previous studies have shown that microplastics are widely distributed in water bodies and sediments in sea areas and major estuaries in China.The Pearl River Estuary,in the South China Sea suffers the most serious microplastic pollution,followed by the Bohai Sea.In contrast,the microplastic pollution in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea is comparatively slight.Microplastics in sea areas in China are mainly fibrous and are concentrated in offshore areas with developed industry and a dense population(especially around estuaries and bays).In addition,they are widely affected by human activities,such as shipping,aquaculture,industry,and sewage discharge.Here the authors suggest unifying measurement units and research methods and developing related standard systems to carry out researches related to microplastics.Furthermore,this paper also suggests further deepening researches on both the source-sink process of microplastics and nanoscale microplastics while enhancing the development and implementation of related policies,aiming to promote researches and control of microplastics in sea areas in China.  相似文献   

目标地质体的研究确定与找矿实践     

郭健 《地质与勘探》2023,59(3):497-520

基于以往多年的金属矿床勘查评价研究经验,系统总结20世纪80年代以来具有代表性的地质成矿理论和找矿方法。通过国内外金、镍、钼、铜、铅锌等找矿靶区优选、深边部找矿预测,以及勘查验证实例,阐述勘查找矿过程中的理论、实践及方法。提出对金属矿化分布规律的研究可以明晰矿床成因规律,对矿床成因规律的研究可以开拓找矿思路,明确金属矿化的分布规律。强调对金属矿化与地质体之间分布规律关系的研究,进而阐明了勘查找矿者要紧紧抓住矿带、矿床、矿体定位构造的主要因素、控矿的主要条件,来研究确定目标地质体,优化传统的和现代的最佳找矿方法和手段,以快速评价矿产资源。明确提出勘查找矿目标地质体是个纲,纲举目张促进矿产资源评价。  相似文献   

下扬子地区大隆组页岩孔隙发育特征及主控因素     

曹磊  郭英海  赵恒  朱士飞 《岩石矿物学杂志》2023,42(5):652-662

为了研究下扬子地区二叠系大隆组页岩孔隙结构特征,联合扫描电镜、高压压汞、N₂/CO₂气体吸附实验手段对页岩储层孔隙结构进行了研究。结果表明,研究区二叠系大隆组页岩孔隙类型以有机质孔、粒间孔、粒内孔、溶蚀孔和微裂缝为主;孔隙结构为多峰态-多尺度孔隙并存,微孔-介孔-宏孔都有发育,各个尺度的孔隙对孔容都有所贡献,其中以0.75～1.5 nm的微孔、10～35 nm的介孔及大于100 nm的宏孔为主。通过拟合孔体积、比表面积与埋深、有机碳(TOC)、成熟度(R_O)以及矿物含量的相关性发现,微孔表面积与埋深、TOC呈正相关;微介孔体积和表面积均与R_O呈负相关;宏孔体积与埋深、TOC、黏土矿物含量呈负相关,与R_O呈较正相关;宏孔表面积与埋深成正比,与R_O成反比。研究结果说明下扬子地区大隆组页岩孔隙发育主要受控于埋深、TOC、R_O、黏土矿物含量等因素。  相似文献   

唐山市曹妃甸地区大气降尘矿物学特征及环境意义——以华北理工大学校区为例     

王玲  束浩杰  王宏刚  陈博勋  郭紫璇  刘胜昌  刘淑贤  聂轶苗 《岩石矿物学杂志》2023,42(2):285-290

大气降尘矿物学特征研究具有重要的环境学意义。文章以华北理工大学校区采集样品为例,应用激光粒度分析仪、扫描电镜、X射线粉末衍射、电感耦合等离子体质谱等对河北省唐山市曹妃甸地区大气降尘矿物学特征进行了初步分析研究。结果表明,曹妃甸地区大气降尘粒径较粗,颗粒物包括块状、柱状、片状、球状及不规则粒状集合体,主要由石英、长石、石膏、云母、绿泥石、角闪石、白云石、方解石和赤铁矿等矿物组成;降尘样品中Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb等重金属元素含量均较高。研究分析表明,降尘样品中硅酸盐矿物主要源自地面扬尘,而石膏、方解石等碳酸盐矿物可能为环境中的次生矿物,样品中重金属污染主要来源于燃煤、工矿企业生产排放和少部分汽车尾气排放。  相似文献   

甘肃某生活垃圾填埋场地下水污染特征及污染途径分析          下载免费PDF全文

宁天祥  韩雪 《甘肃地质》2023,(2):56-63

依据实际调查数据,采用单因子污染指数分析法确定了生活垃圾填埋场地下水中主要污染物、污染程度和污染范围,并进行了土壤和地下水污染耦合性分析,研究结果表明：该生活垃圾填埋场地下水污染物主要为氨氮、总氮、高锰酸盐、锰、挥发酚和氟化物,其污染指数最大值分别为1 407.24、745.00、137.12、97.50、3.60和1.68,污染区总面积0.168 km²;填埋场下游沟谷纵向上,总氮、锰两项指标在土壤中的含量与地下水中浓度变化趋势一致;其污染途径主要为库区防渗层破损,渗滤液垂向沿基岩风化裂隙进入地下含水层,以连续渗漏的方式不断污染地下水,污染物在地下水径流作用下向拦挡坝下游不断迁移。  相似文献   

Characteristics of Surface Solar Radiation under Different Air Pollution Conditions over Nanjing,China: Observation and Simulation     

Hao LUO  Yong HAN  Chunsong LU  Jun YANG  Yonghua WU 《大气科学进展》2019,36(10):1047-1059

Surface solar radiation (SSR) can affect climate, the hydrological cycle, plant photosynthesis, and solar power. The values of solar radiation at the surface reflect the influence of human activity on radiative climate and environmental effects, so it is a key parameter in the evaluation of climate change and air pollution due to anthropogenic disturbances. This study presents the characteristics of the SSR variation in Nanjing, China, from March 2016 to June 2017, using a combined set of pyranometer and pyrheliometer observations. The SSR seasonal variation and statistical properties are investigated and characterized under different air pollution levels and visibilities. We discuss seasonal variations in visibility, air quality index (AQI), particulate matter (PM₁₀ and PM_2.5), and their correlations with SSR. The scattering of solar radiation by particulate matter varies significantly with particle size. Compared with the particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter between 2.5 μm and 10 μm (PM_2.5?10), we found that the PM_2.5 dominates the variation of scattered radiation due to the differences of single-scattering albedo and phase function. Because of the correlation between PM_2.5 and SSR, it is an effective and direct method to estimate PM_2.5 by the value of SSR, or vice versa to obtain the SSR by the value of PM_2.5. Under clear-sky conditions (clearness index ≥0.5), the visibility is negatively correlated with the diffuse fraction, AQI, PM₁₀, and PM_2.5, and their correlation coefficients are ?0.50, ?0.60, ?0.76, and ?0.92, respectively. The results indicate the linkage between scattered radiation and air quality through the value of visibility.  相似文献   

Investigating the Transport Mechanism of PM_2.5 Pollution during January 2014 in Wuhan,Central China     

Miaomiao LU  Xiao TANG  Zifa WANG  Lin WU  Xueshun CHEN  Shengwen LIANG  Hui ZHOU  Huangjian WU  Ke HU  Longjiao SHEN  Jia YU  Jiang ZHU 《大气科学进展》2019,36(11):1217-1234

Severe haze pollution that occurred in January 2014 in Wuhan was investigated. The factors leading to Wuhan’s PM_2.5 pollution and the characteristics and formation mechanism were found to be significantly different from other megacities, like Beijing. Both the growth rates and decline rates of PM_2.5 concentrations in Wuhan were lower than those in Beijing, but the monthly PM_2.5 value was approximately twice that in Beijing. Furthermore, the sharp increases of PM_2.5 concentrations were often accompanied by strong winds. A high-precision modeling system with an online source-tagged method was established to explore the formation mechanism of five haze episodes. The long-range transport of the polluted air masses from the North China Plain (NCP) was the main factor leading to the sharp increases of PM_2.5 concentrations in Wuhan, which contributed 53.4% of the monthly PM_2.5 concentrations and 38.5% of polluted days. Furthermore, the change in meteorological conditions such as weakened winds and stable weather conditions led to the accumulation of air pollutants in Wuhan after the long-range transport. The contribution from Wuhan and surrounding cities to the PM_2.5 concentrations was determined to be 67.4% during this period. Under the complex regional transport of pollutants from surrounding cities, the NCP, East China, and South China, the five episodes resulted in 30 haze days in Wuhan. The findings reveal important roles played by transregional and intercity transport in haze formation in Wuhan.  相似文献   

2017年上海臭氧污染气象条件分析及臭氧污染天气分型研究     

余钟奇  马井会  毛卓成  曹钰  瞿元昊  许建明 《气象与环境学报》2019,35(6):46-54

根据2016-2017年上海空气污染物和相关气象要素数据,分析上海2017年O₃变化特征以及气象影响因素,并对造成O₃污染的天气系统进行主观分型。结果表明：2017年上海市空气质量优良天数为275 d,占全年天数的75.3%,O₃-8h污染天数为55 d。上海市O₃-8h年均浓度115 μg·m^-3,同比增幅超过10%,为2013年以来的最高值,主要体现为夏半年O₃浓度的上升。与2016年相比,2017年夏半年西太平洋副热带高压偏西偏强,上海地区风速风向、温度、水汽、光照、辐射条件均有利于O₃浓度上升。造成2017年高浓度O₃污染主要有4种天气类型：副热带高压控制型（SH）、地面高压型（G）、均压场型（J）和低压型（D）。其中副热带高压控制型是典型的O₃-8h污染天气型,占总污染日数的29.1%,且污染程度较重;低压型出现次数较少;地面高压型的臭氧平均污染程度最弱。  相似文献   

承德伊逊河钒钛磁铁矿小流域土壤重金属地球化学基线及生态风险累积效应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

孙厚云  卫晓锋  贾凤超  何泽新  孙晓明 《地质学报》2021,95(2):588-604

以承德市伊逊河红旗钒钛磁铁矿小流域为例,通过参比元素标准化法、垂向剖面似背景值法确定小流域矿集区土壤12种重金属的地球化学基线,并与不同空间尺度流域的重金属地球化学基线进行对比;采用确定的基线值结合地累积指数法、地统计学、生态风险指数法和GIS叠加法对流域土壤重金属潜在生态风险和累积程度进行了评价。结果表明:钒钛磁铁矿矿致异常元素地球化学基线值具有明显的流域尺度效应,其值随着流域空间尺度的缩小而升高;在已开采矿集区小流域土壤重金属污染生态风险评价时,可选取其上一级流域地球化学基线值作为标准。伊逊河红旗矿集区小流域V、Ti、Co、Ni和Cr元素基线值高于滦河流域,As、Pb、Zn和Cd元素基线值与滦河流域相近,Mn和Hg元素基线值略低于滦河流域,Cu元素基线值略高于滦河流域。表层土壤重金属污染累积程度由强至弱为:Cu>Cr>Ti>Cd>Co>V>Ni>Zn>As>Hg>Mn>Pb;表层土壤重金属综合潜在生态风险指数RI范围为65.89~237.70,总体生态风险水平属低风险水平。深层土壤重金属总体污染累积程度和综合潜在生态风险总体弱于浅层土壤。流域土壤重金属综合潜在生态风险累积程度空间分布与流域地貌特征具有明显的耦合关系,重金属空间迁移主要受水力作用驱动控制,土壤重金属污染来源主要为矿业活动,同时受岩石风化和土壤侵蚀等自然因素影响。  相似文献   

火山活动影响下的致密砂岩气储层特征及气藏富集主控因素     

曾凡成  张昌民  魏兆胜  阮宝涛  宋文礼  李忠诚  张国一  胡明毅  王志章 《地质学报》2021,95(3):895-912

受火山活动影响的致密砂岩气藏是一种特殊的致密气藏。本文以松辽盆地南部德惠断陷为例,综合应用岩芯、分析化验、测井、地震和气藏测试资料,研究火山活动特征、火山活动影响下致密砂岩沉积、储层特征及富集主控因素。在火山作用和火山相分析基础上,研究砂岩储层的沉积、岩性和物性特征,明确扇三角洲前缘为有利储层相带,提出致密砂岩储层划分标准。通过对德惠断陷致密气藏系统研究表明,火山作用对致密砂岩气藏的天然气形成、气藏温压系统、成藏有重要影响。主要表现在四个方面:(1)晚期火山活动形成的火山侵入,增加了地层温度压力,促进了烃源岩生排烃;(2)火山活动影响湖盆沉积充填,控制储层分布,促进优质储层发育,为气藏富集提供了良好储集空间;(3)早中两期火山活动对整个地层起到了"包裹作用",促进了圈闭的形成;(4)火山活动与区域生排烃期次的时空配置好,保证了致密砂岩气成藏和富集。这些认识对致密砂岩气藏的形成与分布研究有重要的借鉴意义。  相似文献