ZIFs型金属有机框架材料在水处理混合基质膜中的应用进展     

徐佳  孙星  李珊  陆金仁  杨婷婷 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2022,52(1):1-11

传统分离膜因存在渗透性和选择性相互制约、孔隙率低、膜孔尺寸不易控制、化学稳定性和热稳定性差等缺点,在诸多领域应用中受到限制。为了克服上述缺点,目前最有效的方法之一是在膜材料中掺入某些特定纳米材料作为分散相来构筑新型混合基质膜,以增强分离膜的分离性能,同时赋予抗污染性能、高强度等。沸石咪唑酯骨架材料(ZIFs)作为金属有机骨架材料(MOFs)的重要子类,具有独特的孔结构、优异的热稳定性和化学稳定性,是一类构筑混合基质膜的高性能分散相材料。本文主要对应用于水处理领域的ZIFs型混合基质膜及制备方法进行了归类和介绍,并以分离性能和运行稳定性为指标,对ZIFs在膜中掺杂的有效性进行了评估;其次概述了其在脱盐、染料废水处理、重金属离子、大分子蛋白质去除等领域的应用进展;最后总结了ZIFs型混合基质膜材料在科学研究和工程应用中存在的问题,对其今后的发展做出了展望。  相似文献   

Monitoring pesticides in the Great Barrier Reef     

Melanie Shaw  Miles J. Furnas  Katharina Fabricius  David Haynes  Steve Carter  Jochen F. Mueller 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(1):113-122

Pesticide runoff from agriculture poses a threat to water quality in the world heritage listed Great Barrier Reef (GBR) and sensitive monitoring tools are needed to detect these pollutants. This study investigated the utility of passive samplers in this role through deployment during a wet and dry season at river mouths, two near-shore regions and an offshore region. The nearshore marine environment was shown to be contaminated with pesticides in both the dry and wet seasons (average water concentrations of 1.3-3.8 ng L⁻¹ and 2.2-6.4 ng L⁻¹, respectively), while no pesticides were detected further offshore. Continuous monitoring of two rivers over 13 months showed waters flowing to the GBR were contaminated with herbicides (diuron, atrazine, hexazinone) year round, with highest average concentrations present during summer (350 ng L⁻¹). The use of passive samplers has enabled identification of insecticides in GBR waters which have not been reported in the literature previously.  相似文献   

桩承式加筋路堤张力膜效应模型试验研究     

徐超  林潇  沈盼盼 《岩土力学》2016,37(7):1825-1831

在桩承式加筋路堤设计计算及工程实践中,筋材的受力计算是具有争议且亟待解决的问题,然而,现有的研究很少关注桩承式加筋路堤中筋材应变的空间分布形式和三维模式下筋材的受力特征。采用自行研制的设备,以桩间距为变量,针对桩承式加筋路堤中筋材张力膜效应进行了物理模拟试验。试验中通过气压施加荷载,对筋材竖向变形和不同位置筋材应变进行观测。结果表明,张力膜效应下筋材应变和受力很不均匀。正方形布桩情形下,加筋材料的空间变形形态可采用空间抛物面与抛物柱面的组合来模拟。正方形布桩情形下假定筋材上所有荷载全部由相邻桩之间的4条筋带承担,得到的筋材受力计算值明显偏大。在模拟试验结果基础上,初步提出了考虑筋材三维空间变形的拉力计算方法。  相似文献   

Treatment of Synthetic Olefin Plant Wastewater at Various Salt Concentrations in a Membrane Bioreactor     

Fatemeh Sadeghi  Mohammad Reza Mehrnia  Ramin Nabizadeh  Mohammad Hossein Sarrafzadeh 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(4):416-421

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of salt concentration on performance of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) for treating an olefin plant wastewater. For this purpose, a lab‐scale submerged MBR with a flat‐sheet ultrafiltration membrane was used for treatment of synthetic wastewater according to oxidation and neutralization unit of olefin plant. The synthetic wastewater was adjusted to have 500 mg/L chemical oxygen demand (COD). Trials on different concentrations of sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄) (0–20 000 ppm) in the feed were conducted under aerobic conditions in the MBR. The results showed that increasing the salt concentrations causes an increase in the effluent COD, phenol, and oil concentrations. These results are due to reduction of the membrane filtration efficiency and also decline in the microbial activity that it is indicated by decreasing the sOUR in MBR. But in all the trials, the effluent COD and oil concentration was well within the local discharge limit of 100 and 10 mg/L, respectively. These results indicate that the MBR system is highly efficient for treating the olefin plant wastewater, and although high salt concentrations decreased organic contaminant removal rates in the MBR, the effluent still met the discharge limits for treating the olefin plant wastewater.  相似文献   

Recovery of Polyvinyl Alcohol from Desizing Wastewater Using a Novel High‐Shear Ultrafiltration Module     

Ankur Sarkar  Debasish Sarkar  Madhurima Gupta  Chiranjib Bhattacharjee 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(8):830-837

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), the major constituent of desizing water constituting 45% of the total BOD load has a significant environmental impact owing to its poor biodegradability. In order to prevent PVA from being discharged by the effluent stream, modern textile industries opt for membrane based separation techniques using ultrafiltration so that the recovery and recycle of PVA in tandem could be achieved. However, the process of ultrafiltration is still not widely accepted as expected due to the well‐known non‐idealities of concentration polarization and pore blockage. In this article, design and performance characterization of a lab‐scale novel shear enhanced ultrafiltration unit, named as spinning basket membrane (SBM) module are discussed. The proposed module is unique in terms of its inbuilt cleaning facility eliminating the effects of polarization and subsequent periodic fouling leading to its uninterrupted production operation. The test fluid, necessarily a solution of PVA was treated in the proposed module under different parametric conditions with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes of two different molecular weight cut‐off (50 and 100 kDa). After 2 h of continuous operation the permeate flux was observed to be within 95–97% of the respective initial fluxes. Such performance is rarely been attained in practice. Hence, the novelty of the present research is achieved. Considering the performance of the present module in terms of flux regeneration and product recovery, it may be regarded as an efficient device and can be potentially deployed for cleaning of other industrial wastewater.  相似文献   

条斑紫菜类囊体膜蛋白质组双向电泳研究方法     

周伟  何林文  陆勤勤  朱建一  高山  杨睿灵  杨芳  王广策 《海洋科学》2013,(7)

本文以蓝绿温和胶电泳为工具,首次在国内用于条斑紫菜类囊体膜色素蛋白质复合物的研究。结果显示：（1）利用非离子型去污剂十二烷基麦芽糖苷（DM）增溶条斑紫菜类囊体膜,DM/Chla（w/w）15：1产生的效果较好,在BN-PAGE胶中可以分离到较多较清晰的条带。（2）选取蔗糖密度层50%条带制备得到的类囊体膜样品进行第一向BN-PAGE和第二向SDS-Urea-PAGE电泳实验。第一向电泳分离出4个蛋白复合物,对第二向电泳胶上的15个蛋白点切取做质谱鉴定,检测到PSⅡ 47KDa,PSⅡ 44KDa,cytochrome f ,PSⅡ D2,PSⅡ D1等蛋白。本实验证实了温和胶电泳与SDS电泳结合对于条斑紫菜这种原始红藻的类囊体膜研究方面应用的可行性。  相似文献   

Characterization of Dry‐Spun Acrylic Fiber Wastewater by Particle Size Distribution,Biodegradability, and Chemical Composition          下载免费PDF全文

Qinghong Wang  Guangxu Yan  Bin Cai  Chunmao Chen  Shaohui Guo 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2014,42(10):1393-1401

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外源脱落酸对低温胁迫下圆柏属植物幼苗生理特性的影响     

杨志娟  陈银萍  李冬花  张正庆  郝海艳  张风霞  苏向楠 《冰川冻土》2015,37(6):1642-1649

以3 a生圆柏和祁连圆柏幼苗为材料, 采用不同浓度脱落酸(ABA)预处理两种圆柏属幼苗, 测定-4℃低温胁迫处理第9 d叶片相对含水量(RWC)、相对电导率(REC)、丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性糖(SS)、可溶性蛋白(SP)、脯氨酸(Pro)和类胡萝卜素(Car)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸氧化酶(APX)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性, 分析外源ABA对低温胁迫下圆柏属植物叶片膜脂过氧化和渗透调节物质的影响, 为培育较多品种的抗冷冻常绿植物提供理论依据. 结果表明: 低温胁迫下, 一定浓度的ABA预处理能有效保护幼苗叶片膜系统的稳定性、增加渗透调节物质含量和提高抗氧化酶活性, 其中30 mg·L^-1ABA预处理对提高圆柏抗寒性效果最好, 40 mg·L^-1ABA预处理对提高祁连圆柏抗寒性效果最好, 且在外源ABA预处理下, 祁连圆柏的抗寒性比圆柏的强. 因此, 施用适合浓度的ABA在提高圆柏属植物抗寒性方面具有较好的应用价值.  相似文献   

Review on Advances in Chemical Osmosis in Clayey Sediments     

Sun Xiaomin  Wu Jianfeng 《地球科学进展》2017,32(1):56-65

Osmotic phenomena refer to water and solute transport processes that occur when transport of solute molecules or ions is restricted by the porous medium relative to that of water molecules. Chemical osmosis and reverse osmosis/ultrafiltration are osmotic phenomena. The studies of “coupled flow” caused by chemical osmosis have been widely applied in many fields, such as earth science, environmental science and civil engineering. This paper provided a review of the considerable advances in the field of chemical osmosis and clay semipermeable membrane since the 1950s. We summarized the research progress of chemical osmosis in clayey sediments into three aspects: theoretical basis, experimental research and numerical model. In particular, the laboratory equipment and measurement methods of the chemico-osmotic efficiency coefficient σ were described,. The existing discontinuous models based on the ‘diffusive double layer’ theory were summerized, as well as the various control factors of σ. It increases with Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), compaction pressure and decreases by the increasing of porosity and solution concentration. This paper also summerized the contimuum models based on non-equilibrium thermodynamics, which are used to explain and predict anomalies of hydraulic head pressure and salinity in clayey environments. For the future development of this discipline, it is critical to find a reliable method to confirm the σ value. It is also critical to emphasize the research on chemical osmosis in complex conditions and the influence of chemical osmosis on groundwater flow and solute transpotation. China has just stepped into this research area and more efforts should be made if significant progress is desired. This review will be helpful to further research on groundwater numerical simulation integrated with chemical osmosis in China.  相似文献   

高效液膜分离富集铜（Ⅱ）与测定微量铜   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王献科  李玉萍 《矿物岩石》1996,16(1):94-97

应用高效乱状液膜技术分离、富集水和土壤样品中微量铜。研究了流动载体（Ｐ２０４）、在面活性剂（Ｓｐａｎ８０）、膜的增强剂（液体石蜡）、膜溶剂（煤油）和内相解吸剂（２．５ｍｏｌ／ＬＨ２ＳＯ４）等液膜体系，对分离富集微量铜（Ⅱ）的影响。确定了Ｓｐａｎ８０－Ｐ２０４－液体石蜡－煤油－Ｈ２ＳＯ４高效液膜体系的最佳组成和最适宜的实验条件。富集后的溶液用１－（２－毗啶偶氮）－２一萘酚（ＰＡＮ）分光光度法测定铜（Ⅱ）。本法富集水和土壤中微量铜（Ⅱ），回收率在９９％以上。已成功地应用于测定水和土壤中的微量铜，相对标准偏差ＲＳＤ／％为１．２—４．５，结果十分满意。  相似文献