Hydrological field data from a modeller's perspective: Part 2: process‐based evaluation of model hypotheses     

Martyn P. Clark  Hilary K. McMillan  Daniel B. G. Collins  Dmitri Kavetski  Ross A. Woods 《水文研究》2011,25(4):523-543

The current generation of hydrological models has been widely criticized for their inability to adequately simulate hydrological processes. In this study, we evaluate competing model representations of hydrological processes with respect to their capability to simulate observed processes in the Mahurangi River basin in Northland, New Zealand. In the first part of this two‐part series, the precipitation, soil moisture, and flow data in the Mahurangi were used to estimate the dominant hydrological processes and explore several options for their suitable mathematical representation. In this paper, diagnostic tests are applied to gain several insights for model selection. The analysis highlights dominant hydrological processes (e.g. the importance of vertical drainage and baseflow compared to sub‐surface stormflow), provides guidance for the choice of modelling approaches (e.g. implicitly representing sub‐grid heterogeneity in soils), and helps infer appropriate values for model parameters. The approach used in this paper demonstrates the benefits of flexible model structures in the context of hypothesis testing, in particular, supporting a more systematic exploration of current ambiguities in hydrological process representation. The challenge for the hydrological community is to make better use of the available data, not only to estimate parameter values but also to diagnostically identify more scientifically defensible model structures. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Numerical studies of hyperplasticity with single,multiple and a continuous field of yield surfaces     

Itai Einav  Alexander M. Puzrin  Guy T. Houlsby 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2003,27(10):837-858

The development of a new constitutive model would normally require a new procedure to be established for derivation of the incremental response. However, for models generated within the framework of hyperplasticity (using single, multiple or continuous yield surfaces), this derivation can be carried out using standard procedures. In this paper we present first the unified incremental response for a model using a single internal variable for general loading conditions. Next, we develop and explore three different numerical techniques for implementation of this procedure. One of the approaches, which seems superior, is extended to the multi‐surface hyperplastic formulation. Finally, to allow integration of continuous hyperplastic models within the same multi‐surface hyperplastic setting, the issue of discretization of the continuous field of yield surfaces is addressed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

运用数学形态学方法探讨我国干旱-半干旱区降水的可能分布          下载免费PDF全文

秦小光  王润生 《第四纪研究》1997,17(2):28-35

我国北方干旱－半干旱区长期受水资源缺乏的影响，国民经济建设受到很大的制约。因此，研究干旱－半干旱区的水资源成为人们关注的重点。本文借助数学形态学方法，探讨了我国干旱－半干旱区降水在几种气候变化条件下的可能分布，揭示出了西北地区环境最脆弱的地区是塔里木盆地南缘及其东侧的罗布泊、哈密、敦煌地区，同时也探讨了这些地区在降水增加或减少情况下的可能环境分布。  相似文献   

求解偏微分方程的格点法     

熊盛武  陈炬桦 《华东地质学院学报》1997,20(4):389-395

格点法是在计算流体力学中首先发展起来的数值模拟新方法，共根本思想是对问题重新建模，建立直接模拟流体运动的离散格点模型。本文以一阶拟线性双典型方程及Ｋｄｖ方程为例，推广这种求解一般偏微分方程的。它是运用多尺度分析方法，构造出格点模型的演化方程的局部平衡分布函数。数值试验表明，该方法程序实现简单，求解速度快，数值结果令人满意。  相似文献   

多波多分量地震合成记录上的煤层特征指示研究     

潘冬明  杨顶辉  张慧 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1997,(1)

利用有限差分法弹性波场数值模拟技术，对水平产状、断块分布与尖灭煤层体地质环境下的井中激发与接收的多波多分量地震记录进行数值模拟，探讨了水平产状、断块分布与煤层尖灭情形下三分量地震记录上的波场特征。研究表明，水平产状煤层中槽波最为发育，断块分布煤层中次之，而尖灭煤层中在尖灭端处接收时很难分辨出槽波特征，但在尖端处激发时可以在跨孔观测记录上分辨出颇为发育的槽波。在地面记录上波的运动学与动力学特征也存在一定程度的差异。作者认为多波多分量地震记录的跨孔激发与观测对于煤层存在性及其分布规律研究具有重要意义  相似文献   

近40年山东各水资源分区降水变化特征及多步预测时序模型     

胡桂芳  张苏平 《气象》1996,22(8):16-19

利用近４０年来山东省４１站降水资料，分析了各水资源分区降水演变特征。以均生函数为基函数，用主成分分析原理进行筛选，建立了山东省各水资源分区降水时序多步预测模型，通过计算试验，拟合，预报效果均较好。  相似文献   

基于小波变换的2D形状分析     

姬光荣  吕洪涛  陈霞 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1997,(1)

提出一种以小波变换为基础，可以对２Ｄ形状进行旋转对称性检测、边缘轮廓的角点位置确定，并使方向规则化的分析方法。该方法的特点是：方便、准确、适合于多分辨率分析和噪声图象分析  相似文献   

多Agent智能现场总线数据采集系统设计     

殷波  孟庆春  庄晓东  张继军  韩林 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2003,33(3):443-448

针对复杂的工业环境和目前工控产品的缺陷 ,本文提出 1种基于多 Agent理论的智能化现场总线数据采集系统的设计方法。结合多 Agent理论和现场总线技术 ,构建了 1种具有良好的系统重构能力、容错能力和快速反应能力的多 Agent数据采集系统。并对系统中 Agent的功能、硬件结构以及通讯方式进行了详细探讨  相似文献   

多源遥感影像融合在城市地图快速更新中的应用     

黄海文刘海砚  侯溯源洪霞 《测绘科学与工程》2006,26(4):47-50

当前采用遥感技术可以获得同一地区用不同传感器，在不同空间、不同时间、不同波谱分辨率的遥感数据。充分利用这些数据，把不同的遥感数据和非遥感数据融合在一起应用，可以有效地提高城市地图更新时效性和精度。  相似文献   

Seismic response control of a building complex utilizing passive friction damper: experimental investigation     

Chi‐Lun Ng  You‐Lin Xu 《地震工程与结构动力学》2006,35(6):657-677

Multi‐storey main buildings constructed with a low‐rise podium structure possess some architectural merits but the setback features of such a building complex may lead to seismic response enlargement of the main buildings. This paper explores the possibility of using passive friction dampers to connect the podium structure to the main buildings to prevent their seismic response enlargement without violating the architectural features. A series of shaking table tests were carried out on one 3‐storey and one 12‐storey building models in fully‐separated, rigidly connected, and friction damper‐linked configurations. Four sets of seismic ground motions were selected as inputs to the shaking table. The control competence of two buildings linked with friction damper was evaluated by comparison of their responses with those from fully‐separated and rigidly connected cases. Experimental results showed that unfavourable seismic response amplification did occur in the building complex in the rigidly connected case. By contrast, friction damper showed effectiveness in reducing absolute acceleration and interstorey drift responses of both buildings if friction force level was appropriately applied. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献