2012年早春河南一次高架雷暴天气成因分析   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

张一平  俞小鼎  孙景兰  梁俊平  吕林宜 《气象》2014,40(1):48-58

利用常规观测、新一代天气雷达、雷电定位监测和1°×1°NCEP分析资料对2012年早春河南一次伴有多种天气现象的高架雷暴(elevated convection)成因进行了天气学分析,建立了高架雷暴天气的流型配置模型。结果表明:(1)本次高架雷暴发生在中纬度暖性低槽发展东移的环流形势下,边界层顶以上近中性条件不稳定性层结(偏向于很弱的条件不稳定)在高空槽前正涡度平流和低层暖湿平流的强迫作用下,使得700 hPa以上出现较大范围的较强上升运动,地面冷高压后部偏东气流对高架对流的产生具有冷垫作用。(2)出现高架雷暴的大气低层存在较强的逆温层,700 hPa暖温度脊前的西南暖湿低空急流为高架雷暴的产生提供了充足的水汽和能量,并使低层逆温层顶以上出现弱条件不稳定层结和较高的露点,两者结合导致弱的最不稳定对流有效位能MUCAPE,其值在10~50 J·kg~(-1)之间,高架对流是由逆温层顶附近及其以上的暖湿气块被抬升而造成的,对应1.0~3.0 m·s~(-1)的雷暴内最大上升气流。(3)此次高架雷暴发生在强斜压环境中,有较强的动力不稳定,中低层0~6 km和0~3 km垂直风切变值分别为(3.0~3.7)×10~(-3)和(5.0~5.3)×10~(-3)s~(-1)。(4)本次过程-10℃、-20℃层高度分别在5、6.5 km,弱对流云顶高度多在6~8 km或以上,超过了冻结层高度,易导致雷电发生。(5)从流型配置模型看,高空暖性低槽、中高层强烈发展的温度脊、700 hPa强西南暖湿低空急流和边界层冷中心、冷温度槽、地面冷高压等是值得关注的影响系统,当这些天气系统有利配置时,应注意低层逆温层、中层弱条件不稳定层结的建立以及高架雷暴发生的可能性。  相似文献   

东北冷涡引发的强雷暴个例分析     

王宇欣  宋瑶 《湖北气象》2014,33(3)

2013年6月3日辽宁省境内出现剧烈的雷电活动,在17 h内观测到落雷14 103次。使用静止卫星和多普勒雷达探测数据显示雷暴系统的发展特征,计算了该过程中辽宁省境内单位面积落雷密度,并对雷暴的生成环境和WRF-3.5.1模拟的雷暴云中冰晶、霰和雨滴等粒子数浓度的空间分布状态进行了探讨。结果表明:低空急流为雷暴过程的发展输送暖湿空气,形成强烈的对流运动;高空急流右侧和右前侧的下沉干冷空气进入0~-20℃雷暴云起电层区域,东北冷涡高低空急流形成的强垂直风切变造成雷暴云体上下出现较大角度的倾斜,高频次负地闪的发生与雷暴云体倾斜造成的特定电场结构有关;负主电荷积累区域和落雷区出现在上升气流较弱的带负电粒子沉降区域。  相似文献   

一次罕见的左移超级单体风暴的特征     

叶更新  刘壮华  刘国禹 《干旱气象》2014,(3):431-438

利用白山多普勒天气雷达、常规观测和地面加密观测资料,对2012年7月2日发生在吉林省南部的一次左移超级单体风暴进行了研究。结果发现,此次天气过程发生在深厚东北冷涡的东南象限、超强高空急流核附近的北侧,且低空风垂直切变不强、对流有效位能不大;低空有较强的暖平流,并存在一个西南—东北走向的风切变区;低空辐合、高空辐散、位于露点锋附近以及高空急流核的存在为有利于的对流发展的重要因素。在风暴发生发展过程中,始终有一个中-β尺度反气旋环流(尺度为120 km)相伴随,其旋转半径由高到低逐渐增加并在东南偏南方向被拉伸为椭圆型结构,风暴发生在该环流的西北象限的西南偏南气流之中,并具有钩状回波、弱回波区、反中气旋等超级单体所具有的特征。反中气旋出现在对流风暴发展的旺盛期,旋转半径从低层到高层逐渐增加。在风暴经过地区出现了冰雹、强降温、瞬时大风等天气现象和气象灾害。  相似文献   

A POSSIBLE IMPACT OF ELNi?o MODOKI ON SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE OF CHINA’S OFFSHORE AND ITS ADJACENT REGIONS     

谭红建  蔡榕硕 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2014,20(1):1-7

E1 Nino Modoki, similar to but different from canonical E1 Nino, has been observed since the late 1970s. In this paper, using HadlSST and NCEP/NCAR wind data, we analyze the relationship between E1 Nifio Modoki and Sea Surface Temperature （SST） in the offshore area of China and its adjacent waters for different seasons. Our results show a significant negative correlation between E1 Nifio Modoki in summer and SST in autumn in the offshore area of China and its adjacent waters, particularly for regions located in the east of the Kuroshio. It is also found that during E1 Nifio Modoki period, anomalous northerlies prevail over the regions from the northern part of the Philippines to the offshore area of China, indicating that the northerlies are unfavorable for the transport of warm water from the western tropical Pacific to the mid-latitude area. Consequently, E1 Nifio Modoki in summer may play a substantial role in cold SST anomalies in the offshore area of China and its adjacent waters in autumn through the influence of the Kuroshio, with a lagged response of the ocean to the atmospheric wind field.  相似文献   

超强台风“威马逊”与“达维”进入北部湾强度变化对比分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈见  孙红梅  高安宁  林宗桂  黄明策 《湖北气象》2014,(4):392-400

利用常规气象资料、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,采用天气学诊断分析方法,对超强台风＂威马逊＂（1409）和＂达维＂（0518）登陆进入北部湾前后强度变化特征差异进行对比分析,结果表明：（1）500 h Pa副高快速加强,850 h Pa季风急流和越赤道气流汇合卷入到台风环流中,台风移向的下游区域高低空（200—850 h Pa）垂直风切变小,南海北部海温偏高等是＂威马逊＂和＂达维＂登陆海南岛前在近海突然加强的有利条件。（2）从琼州海峡进入北部湾,摩擦消耗小,是＂威马逊＂进入北部湾后,强度下降小,仍维持超强台风级别的主要原因;而从海南岛中部西移进入北部湾,摩擦消耗大,是＂达维＂进入北部湾后,强度下降大,从超强台风降为台风级别的主要原因。（3）动能收支诊断分析显示,地形摩擦对动能的耗散主要集中在边界层内（800 h Pa以下）,＂威马逊＂在超强台风阶段耗散作用最大,进入北部湾之后摩擦耗散减小,而＂达维＂则因横穿海南岛进入北部湾动能的摩擦耗散较大。  相似文献   

台风“巨爵”近海急剧加强的特征及成因分析     

邓文剑  ;吴振鹏  ;吴乃庚  ;林良勋 《广东气象》2014,(3):9-14

源自东风波动的0915号台风"巨爵"在自东向西靠近广东沿海时出现了近海急剧加强的异常现象。利用热带气旋定位资料、NCEP全球同化分析资料、卫星云图以及海上平台自动站探测资料等对"巨爵"近海加强特征和成因进行了诊断分析。结果表明:"巨爵"形成源自于西太副高南侧的东风波动,副高演变及引起的"北高南低"和"东高西低"的形势与"巨爵"环流增强发展密切相关;弱的垂直风切变、高空明显的辐散出流以及台风中心正涡度增大并向对流层中上层拓展有利于"巨爵"强度增强;低层弱冷空气南下,一方面从增加气压梯度和温度梯度来加强台风环流和暖心结构,另一方面通过触发外围对流云团发展并往台风中心输送进而对"巨爵"近海加强产生重要的触发作用;孟加拉湾西南季风气流、105°~110°E附近越赤道气流和西太副高西侧东南气流3支气流汇合为"巨爵"近海加强提供了充沛水汽条件。  相似文献   

江苏一次突发暴雨的数值模拟     

张钊扬  钱贞成  王春明 《气象与环境科学》2014,37(3):67-75

采用中尺度WRF模式（WRF3．4）和WRF-3DVAR系统,同化GTS常规观测资料和GPS反演的探空廓线资料,对2012年8月10日发生在江苏东北部地区的一次突发性特大暴雨进行数值模拟,并利用高分辨率的模式输出数据对此次暴雨过程进行多尺度分析和对流不稳定性研究。结果表明：模拟结果较好地再现了此次过程;台风低压和中纬度槽脊系统相互作用,中低层弱冷空气扩散和高、低空急流耦合为此次暴雨过程提供了有利的大尺度背景;地面中尺度辐合线和迅速发展的β中尺度对流系统（M8CS）是直接导致此次局地突发性暴雨的中尺度系统,地面中尺度辐合线的位置和暴雨的落区基本一致,M8CS的强烈发展对应于暴雨的最强阶段;暴雨发生前和暴雨发生时,对流系统中等日。线密集而陡峭,不稳定能量的突然性释放造成αθ／Oz迅速减小,口。垂直剖面呈伸向低空的“漏斗状”分布,有利于垂直涡度和对流不稳定发展。  相似文献   

一类降水过程多尺度天气系统结构特征     

林宗桂  林墨  林开平  钟利华  罗小莉 《气象研究与应用》2014,35(3):1-4

对2010-2013年弱冷空气影响造成降雨过程,采用统计分析和典型个例分析相结合方法,分析了降水过程中大、中、小尺度天气系统的结构特征。结果发现：（1）不同尺度天气系统一般都具有明显的结构特征,天气系统结构的配置与降雨强度存在对应关系;（2）在A类天气形势下,斜云带更有利强降雨的产生,横云带的降雨强度相对较弱,逗点云系容易产生较强降雨;（3）弱冷空气影响过程中,在地面通常有中尺度负变压区形成,对流主要发生在中尺度负变压区内,以线状对流为常见;（4）约有半数以上的强、中降雨过程有低空急流出现,但也有低空急流出现并无强降雨现象,低空急流与降雨强度呈弱相关的统计关系。  相似文献   

Development and application of oil-spill risk assessment model for offshore pipeline     

Yan Lu  Jia Wang  Wenpu Wei  Yong Yang  Wei An 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,13(3):415-420

To the potential oil-spill risk caused by offshore pipeline more attention has been paid after the Dalian oil spill incident from oil-pipeline explosion. Since then an issue about how to prevent and control the sudden oil-spill from the offshore pipeline has been raised. In this paper, we proposed an optimized model to analyze the main causes （probability） of spill and the consequence with the fuzzy comprehensive assessment model. Considering the complicated assessment process for oil-spill, the assessment factor system involving the spill probability and consequence was established based on the operative manual and statistic leakage/damage data of offshore pipeline in order to estimate the integrated spill risk score automatically. The evaluated factors of spill probability could be grouped into five aspects：corrosion, fatigue, national damage, third party, and operational fault;the consequence evaluated factors of spill included hazard of oil and impact-controlling capability. With some modifications based on experts’ opinions, each of the evaluated factors in our work was developed with a relative weight and evaluation criterion. A test example for an offshore pipe-line in the Bohai waters was described to show how the model can be used for an actual case in more detail. By using the oil-spill risk assessment model, it is easy to determine the risk level associated with the ongoing activity and management level and hence to take the risk mitigation action immediately.  相似文献   

Modal strain energy based structural damage localization for offshore platform using simulated and measured data     

Shuqing Wang  Fushun Liu  Min Zhang 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,13(3):397-406

Modal strain energy based methods for damage detection have received much attention. However, most of published articles use numerical methods and some studies conduct modal tests with simple 1D or 2D structures to verify the damage detection algorithms. Only a few studies utilize modal testing data from 3D frame structures. Few studies conduct performance comparisons between two different modal strain energy based methods. The objective of this paper is to investigate and compare the effectiveness of a traditional modal strain energy method （Stubbs index） and a recently developed modal strain energy decomposition （MSED） method for damage localization, for such a purpose both simulated and measured data from an offshore platform model being used. Particularly, the mode shapes used in the damage localization are identified and synthesized from only two measurements of one damage scenario because of the limited number of sensors. The two methods were first briefly reviewed. Next, using a 3D offshore platform model, the damage detection algorithms were implemented with different levels of damage severities for both single damage and multiple damage cases. Finally, a physical model of an offshore steel platform was constructed for modal testing and for validat-ing the applicability. Results indicate that the MSED method outperforms the Stubbs index method for structural damage detection.  相似文献