考洲洋牡蛎养殖海域海-气界面CO₂交换通量的时空变化     

彭鹏飞  马媛  史荣君  王迪  许欣  颜彬 《海洋科学》2022,46(10):140-149

根据2018年7月、11月和2019年1月、4月对广东考洲洋牡蛎养殖海域进行4个季节调查获得的p H、溶解无机碳(DIC)、水温、盐度、溶解氧(DO)及叶绿素a(Chla)等数据,估算该区域表层海水溶解无机碳体系各分量的浓度、初级生产力(PP)、表层海水CO₂分压[p(CO₂)]和海-气界面CO₂交换通量(FCO₂),分析牡蛎养殖活动对养殖区碳循环的影响。结果表明:牡蛎养殖区表层海水中Chl a、DIC、HCO₃^–和PP显著低于非养殖区;养殖淡季表层海水中pH、DO、DIC、HCO₃^–、和CO₃^2–显著大于养殖旺季,养殖旺季的p(CO₂)和FCO₂显著大于养殖淡季。牡蛎养殖区表层海水夏季、秋季、冬季和春季的海-气界面CO₂交换通量FCO₂平均值分别是(42.04±9.56)、(276...  相似文献   

Microsatellite variation in the oyster <Emphasis Type="Italic">Crassostrea plicatula</Emphasis> along the coast of China     

Hong Yu  Qi Li  Ruihai Yu 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2008,7(4):432-438

Genetic diversity and differentiation of the oyster Crassostrea plicatula populations from China’s coast were studied based on seven microsatellite loci. All loci showed high polymorphism for all five C. plicatula populations, with an average number of allele per locus of 19.3–27.9 and an average expected heterozygosity of 0.889–0.952. Significant departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and deficits of heterozygotes were observed over most populations at each locus, which were fully explained by null alleles. Microsatellite analysis revealed significant subdivision in the C. plicatula populations. According to the neighbor-joining tree constructed on the basis of the D _A distance, the five populations fell into three regional groups, showing a relatively homogeneous genetic structure in geographically close populations. Assignation tests correctly assigned high percentages of individuals to their original populations and groups, and also confirmed the existence of genetic differentiation among C. plicatula populations. The results obtained in this study will facilitate the formulation of appropriate fisheries management programs, stock identification and conservation of biodiversity for the species.  相似文献   

马氏珠母贝早春育苗,缩短母贝养成期试验     

陈兆和  周庆堂  何水养  王忠 《广东海洋大学学报》1989,(Z1)

在室内人工飼养马氏珠母贝亲贝,进行早春育苗。比常规生产育苗提前二个月。生长快,贝体健壮,经养殖18个月长至壳高7.1厘米,体重52克。60％以上达施术贝标准,相当于常规生产贝苗26个月的生长水平。相对地缩短了养殖周期,提高了经济效益。且设备简单,操作方便,利于推广。  相似文献   

Triploidy induction in Pacific oysterCrassostrea gigas by caffeine with thermal shock     

Zhang Guo-fan  Chang Ya-qing  Song Jian  Ding Jun  Shen Jin-kai  Wang Yong-ping 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1998,16(3):249-255

Zygotes of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) were treated for triploid induction with caffeine (10 mmol/L, 15mmol/L and 20mmol/L) in combination with thermal shocks (at 40 minute post-fertilization) lasting for 5 and 10 minutes. The highest yield of triploids, 41.5%, was obtained from the treatment with 20 mmol/L caffeine at 34°C lasting 10 minutes. The triploid levels were less than 30.0% in other treatments. Triploid induction was more effective in treatment with 15–20 mmol/L caffeine at 34–38 °C than with lower concentrations of caffeine at temperatures below 32 °C. Our results suggest that triploid induction with caffeine in combination with thermal shocks is less efficient than some other methods reported previously.  相似文献   

渤海湾西北岸埋藏牡蛎礁礁顶上下沉积物中硅藻对“礁泥转换”古沉积环境的重建     

方晶  王宏  王福  商志文  胡克  杨永强  范昌福  王海峰 《沉积学报》2012,30(5):879-890

渤海湾西北岸大吴庄牡蛎礁是近年来研究程度最高的礁体,天津空港物流中心牡蛎礁则是近年来新发现的礁体。该两处礁体上部的牡蛎个体内部充填的泥、个体之间的泥以及礁体上覆沉积泥层中的硅藻研究表明,礁顶上下（即礁体的上部-顶部和上覆沉积泥层的下部）均富含潮间带环境指示种的Auliscus caelatus,表明礁体发育后期和上覆沉积泥层的初期,均为潮间带环境。尽管如此,从礁顶向上覆沉积泥层转换方式在两处礁体却不相同:（1）大吴庄:Auliscus caelatus种向上逐渐减少,暗示着大吴庄剖面由礁体上部的潮间带中上部、直至上覆沉积泥层下部的潮间带上部、进一步向上覆沉积泥层上部的潮上带转化的趋势。（2）空港:牡蛎礁上覆沉积泥层出现了比例达6%~23%的河口咸水-半咸水种Achnanches brevipes,而下伏礁体内则未见该种,暗示此处泥层受河口作用显著影响。此种不同揭示了礁体停止发育的原因有所不同:在5 520cal BP时,大吴庄礁顶进入潮间带中上部,礁体经常脱离海水而发育停止;在约4 000 cal BP时,空港礁体所在位置因河流作用突然增强,在时间上看很可能是黄河改道在天津入海,古黄河携带大量泥砂入海,掩盖了潮间带的牡蛎礁而导致牡蛎礁发育停止。  相似文献   

单体“海大1号”长牡蛎苗种室内人工培育模式的优化     

张哲  于瑞海  李海昆  马培振  李玲蔚  王永旺 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2021,(2)

为提高单体“海大1号”长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)的培育效率,本研究以3种培育模式(下降流、上升流和静水)、6个水流量梯度(20、35、50、65、80和95 mL/s)和6个培育密度梯度(2.5、5、7.5、10、12.5和15个/mL)对单体“海大1号”长牡蛎苗种中间培育生长情况进行了研究。研究表明,单体“海大1号”长牡蛎苗种中间培育时,上升流和下降流均比静水培育效果好,培育前5天采用下降流、第6~29天采用上升流时,稚贝生长快、死亡率低;水流量小于65 mL/s时,随水流量的增加,稚贝生长加快,死亡率降低,水流量在65~80 mL/s时,单体牡蛎稚贝生长存活最优,第29天时最大壳高达(1534.81±65.23)μm。单体“海大1号”长牡蛎稚贝苗种中间培育时,随着培育密度的增大,挤迫效应逐渐显现,密度为7.5个/mL时,死亡率相对较低,且稚贝生长速度快,在第29天时稚贝壳高最大可达(1520.63±51.72)μm。基于以上研究结果,建议在规模化单体“海大1号”长牡蛎稚贝中间培育时,采用上升流和下降流相结合的流水培育方式,适当增加水流量,及时疏散密度。本研究优化了单体“海大1号”长牡蛎室内培育模式,为单体牡蛎规模化培育提供了参考方法和理论依据。  相似文献   

渤海湾西部浅海区活牡蛎礁调查结果及资源保护建议     

范昌福  裴艳东  田立柱 《地质通报》2010,29(5):660-667

采用旁侧声呐、浅地层剖面仪和单波束水深测量多种物探仪器联机,同步调查天津大神堂浅海区的水下活牡蛎礁资源,为合理保护活牡蛎礁资源提供科学依据。调查结果表明,该区活牡蛎资源由3个分散礁体组成,总面积仅约3km2,礁体最大厚度1.2m,平均厚度0.6m;调查区海底地形平坦,水深介于3.4~5.6m之间,因受人类活动严重破坏,仅在有礁体发育的局部范围内有高程约1m的起伏波动。为了生态资源的完整,必须对现存的活牡蛎礁体进行保护和恢复。  相似文献   

近江牡蛎耗氧率和排氨率的研究     

栗志民  刘志刚  谢丽  钟春城 《广东海洋大学学报》2011,31(1)

采用室内实验生态学方法研究近江牡蛎的耗氧率和排氨率。结果表明,在实验温度13~33℃范围内,近江牡蛎的耗氧率(RO)和排氨率(RN)与体重(W)均呈负相关,可用Y=aW-b表示。耗氧率和温度的关系可表示为RO=-c+b1t-b2 t2,耗氧率为0.626~2.354 mg.g-1.h-1;在温度13~28℃范围内,耗氧率随温度的升高而增加,28℃时,耗氧率达最大值,温度升高至33℃时,耗氧率反而下降。排氨率与温度的关系可表示为RN=c1e d1t,排氨率为0.075~0.318 mg.g-1.h-1,且随温度的升高,排氨率呈持续升高趋势。近江牡蛎呼吸和排泄Q10值范围分别为0.631~3.399和1.046~2.288。在28℃,不同规格近江牡蛎呼吸氧原子数与排出氨氮原子数的比值(nO/nN)均达到最大值。方差分析表明,体重、温度及二者的交互作用对近江牡蛎的耗氧率和排氨率均有极显著的影响(P<0.01)。近江牡蛎的日常代谢明显高于标准代谢,耗氧率和排氨率平均值分别提高46.8%和67.7%。  相似文献   

我国海水养殖珍珠业存在的问题及对策     

邓陈茂  黄海立  符韶 《广东海洋大学学报》2006,26(5):5-9

在详细分析我国海水珍珠养殖业存在问题的基础上,提出了统一规划海区,定量、低密度和开展外海深水海区珍珠养殖;加速大型珍珠贝全人工养殖与育珠的研究,丰富养殖品种;建立良种场、实行马氏珠母贝种质复壮;加强技术推广,延长育珠期、提高珍珠质量;抓好珍珠深加工、开拓珍珠产业链;建立龙头企业,带动珍珠业向集约型发展等可持续发展对策。  相似文献   

Feasibility of co-culture of the Australasian sea cucumber (Australostichopus mollis) with the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) in northern New Zealand     

LN Zamora  J Dollimore  AG Jeffs 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2014,48(3):394-404

The Australasian sea cucumber (Australostichopus mollis) has attracted commercial attention for aquaculture development, partly due to its potential for co-culture with shellfish and finfish species. However, minimal attention has been given to the possibility of co-culturing this species with oysters. In this study we evaluated the growth of juvenile sea cucumbers (36.7 ± 0.9 g, wet weight) caged underneath Pacific oyster farms in northern New Zealand. Co-culture started at the end of the summer, and after 304 days the juveniles had doubled in size (79.8 ± 3.3 g, wet weight), but their subsequent growth appeared to be constrained by overstocking of the cages and summer water temperatures, reaching a carrying capacity of 720 g m^?2. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the co-culture of juvenile sea cucumbers with Pacific oysters is feasible, if sea cucumber losses are reduced (between 33% and 52% lost in this study) and careful attention is given to stocking rates and the water temperature regimes of oyster farms in order to maintain adequate growth rates.  相似文献