北京郊区地表水中有机氯农药残留水平及特征   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

陈家玮  刘晨  杨忠芳  王继远 《地学前缘》2008,15(5):242-247

有机氯农药滴滴涕(DDT)、六六六(HCH)等化学性质非常稳定,很难生物降解,对环境及人类健康构成了严重威胁。尽管我国从1983年起已禁止使用,但现在的土壤、水等环境样品中仍有不同程度的检出。水资源是自然环境的主要组成要素,又是农业生产的重要自然资源。以往已有学者对北京部分河流地表水中有机氯农药残留进行过研究,发现存在不同程度水体污染。近年来,经过各方大力控制水体污染和环境治理,北京地区地表水中仍有有机氯农药残留,其残留现状是人们十分关心的重要问题。因此本文选择北京郊区为研究区域,采集了温榆河、北运河、延庆、房山、昌平、顺义等地区地表水,分析了水体中DDTs和HCHs污染物的含量以及分布情况,结果表明DDTs、HCHs在北京郊区地表水中均有不同程度的检出,DDTs含量为ND~1398 ng/L,HCHs含量为387~14642 ng/L。本文同时研究了DDT与其代谢产物DDE、DDD的组成比例以及HCH同分异构体的组成特征,对北京郊区地表水中DDTs和HCHs的污染来源进行了简要分析。  相似文献   

Organochlorine, Heavy Metal and Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon Pollutant Concentrations in the Great Barrier Reef (Australia) Environment: a Review   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

David Haynes  Johanna E Johnson 《Marine pollution bulletin》2000,41(7-12):267-278

Past monitoring of heavy metals, organochlorine compounds and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has found that pollutant concentrations are generally low within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park and World Heritage Area and are indicative of a relatively unpolluted environment. The exceptions are sites that are adjacent to human activity such as ports and harbours, urban centres and areas adjacent to intensive agricultural activity. These sites have elevated concentrations of a range of pollutants. Concentrations of dioxins have also been found to be elevated in marine park sediments. Elevated pollutant concentrations are generally the consequence of effluent discharge, urban stormwater, and agricultural and industrial runoff. However, a majority of Great Barrier Reef pollutant data are now dated, and contemporary information is required concerning the distribution and impact of pollutants in the Queensland marine environment. The utility of specialized monitoring tools such as biomarkers for tropical marine environments urgently needs to be examined. With this information, appropriate risk assessment and monitoring can be implemented and effective management strategies developed to protect tropical marine ecosystems including the Great Barrier Reef.  相似文献   

Pesticides from the EU First and Second Watch Lists in the Water Environment     

Damian Pietrzak  Jaros&#x;aw Kania  Grzegorz Malina  Ewa Kmiecik  Katarzyna W&#x;tor 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2019,47(7)

  相似文献   

地下水中半透膜采样方法的室内模拟实验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘菲  郑海涛  李琳 《矿物岩石》2005,25(1):113-116

利用含有三油酸甘油酯的半透膜装置进行室内模拟实验,得出有机氯农药在水相和半透膜之间分配的平衡时间和富集系数．平衡时间除δ—BHC为234h和p,p′-DDE、o,p—DDT为70h外,其余组分均为594h;α—BHC、六氯苯、β—BHC、γ—BHC、δ—BHC、七氯、艾氏剂、七氯环氧、p,p′—DDE、狄氏剂、异狄氏剂、p,p′—DDD、o,p—DDT、p,p′-DDT富集系数分别为：0．061,0．071,0．098,0．066,0．033,0．014,0．007,0．062,0．108,0．052,0．029,0．032,0．061ml／h。七氯、艾氏剂、o,p—DDT、p,p′-DDE以及p,p′-DDT组分在膜中的平衡浓度远小于它们在水中浓度,不适于用此种方法进行富集;异狱氏剂和p,p′-DDD组分在膜中的平衡浓度与水中的浓度相当．也不适于用此种方法;α—BHC、六氯苯、γ-BHC、δ-BHC、七氯环氧和狄氏剂的在膜中最大的富集浓度为2倍左右;β-BHC在膜中最大的富集浓度为4倍左右体现了对这些组分的浓缩作用．适合用这种方法进行富集。  相似文献   

气相色谱-串联质谱技术分析地质调查植物样品中持久性有机污染物的优势   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

佟玲  杨佳佳  吴淑琪 《岩矿测试》2012,31(6):1021-1027

对于复杂基质的样品,采用气相色谱法、气相色谱-质谱法( GC - MS)不能满足当前痕量水平分析的要求,串联质谱已发展成一种有机分析测试的成熟技术可应用于地质调查样品分析.本文建立了气相色谱-串联质谱技术( GC - MS - MS)分析植物样品中有机氯农药及多氯联苯的方法,通过对植物样品(圆白菜、菠菜、胡萝卜、橘子)分析,系统比较了GC- MS-MS与气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC-ECD)和气相色谱-选择离子-质谱( GC - SIS - MS)三种分析技术的检出限、定性定量分析结果,确认了分析方法的适用性.GC- MS-MS方法的检出限为0.03～0.29 ng/g,大部分化合物均低于GC -ECD的检出限,是GC - SIS -MS检出限的0.4倍.GC- MS-MS分析表明,圆白菜不含反式-氯丹,排除了GC-ECD的假阳性检出;检测胡萝卜等基质复杂、净化困难的样品,GC- MS-MS也表现出良好的定性定量能力;检出低含量水平样品菠菜含有0.26 ng/g六氯苯,而气相色谱未检出,表明GC- MS-MS显著提高了分析灵敏度,能够对样品中低含量的化合物进行准确定量.在三种分析技术中,GC- MS-MS在样品的准确定性、复杂基质样品分析灵敏度、低含量水平准确定量等方面都具有独特的优势,同时能够应用于复杂样品检测结果的确证.  相似文献   

大石围天坑群土壤中有机氯农药的分布与富集特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孔祥胜  祁士华  黄保健  张原 《地球化学》2012,(2):188-196

选择典型的岩溶地区广西乐业大石围天坑群为研究区,采集不同岩溶地形的土壤,利用 GC-ECD 气相色谱仪测定六六六(HCHs)和滴滴涕(DDTs)两种有机氯农药的浓度.结果表明,大石围天坑群地表土壤、天坑绝壁土壤、天坑底部土壤以及地下河(洞穴)土壤中的 HCHs 和 DDTs 平均浓度分别为0.06 ng/g 和0.02 ng/g、0.31 ng/g 和0.27 ng/g、0.96 ng/g 和0.28 ng/g 以及0.14 ng/g 和0.10 ng/g.研究区土壤中有机氯农药总检出率为:天坑地表<天坑绝壁<天坑底部<地下河(洞穴),随高程降低而增高;有机氯农药(OCPs = HCHs + DDTs)浓度的空间分布特征为:天坑底部>天坑绝壁>地下河(洞穴)>天坑地表,天坑底部 OCPs 浓度明显高于顶部;因此,大石围天坑呈现明显的有机污染物“冷陷阱效应”  相似文献   

重庆老龙洞地下河流域水体有机氯农药污染及来源初步研究     

徐昕  孙玉川  Md.Jahangir Alam 《中国岩溶》2013,32(1):189-194

为查明重庆老龙洞地下河流域有机氯农药的污染情况及其特征和来源,通过气相色谱-微池电子捕获检测器(GC-μECD)检测水体OCPs含量。结果表明研究区水样中受到了有机氯农药不同程度的污染。α-HCH是研究区水体HCHs主要成分,HCHs的残留主要来自于大气长距离传输。DDTs的主要成分各采样点不尽相同。DDTs的输入为历史上工业DDTs的使用且在水体中其主要以好氧转化为主。与国内外河流相比较,老龙洞地下河流域水体有机氯农药含量处于较高水平。  相似文献   

土壤和沉积物中22种有机氯农药和8种多氯联苯的气相色谱分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

魏峰  沈小明  陈海英  沈加林 《岩矿测试》2013,32(6):952-958

近年来地下水、土壤和沉积物等介质中有机氯农药和多氯联苯分析方法的改善主要集中在样品前处理和分析测试条件等方面,而探讨布点、采样等方面的整套方法较少。本文建立了一套适用性较广的气相色谱法同时测定土壤和沉积物中22种有机氯农药和8种多氯联苯,方法检出限为0.09~0.48 ng/g,平均空白回收率为58.7%~133.7%。针对布点、采样、运输、保存、提取、净化、浓缩、仪器测试、数据处理和提交报告整个过程阐述了方法的有效性和实用性;并对提取、净化、测试等多个环节提供了两种或更多的选择,使方法具有更大的灵活性。本文提出,布点前应根据踏勘样品和前人资料考虑采集不同深度的样品;样品的布点、采集和制备均需选择样品,它们共同决定了样品的代表性;分析方法要灵活运用,对于很少检出的目标化合物可采用允许共峰但分析快速的方法,如果有检出再采用针对性的方法分别测定;样品的测定序列不应为了节约分析成本而过于简单。  相似文献   

Assessing the spatial variability,level and source of organic chemical contaminants in bivalve fishing grounds on the Galician coast (NW Spain)     

Nuria Fernández  María Fernández-Boán  Patricia VerísimoJuan Freire 《Marine pollution bulletin》2013

Polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, organotin compounds and triazines were quantified in sediments and bivalves collected in four areas on the Galician coast. One or several species were analysed at each site depending on their availability, including mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis), cockles (Cerastoderma edule), clams (Venerupis pullastra and Ruditapes decussatus) and razor shells (Ensis siliqua). The general spatial distribution of contaminants was consistent in spite of the different sources of contamination. High inter-species variability was also observed. M. galloprovincialis and V. pullastra showed the highest levels of contaminants and intra-spatial variability, which highlights them as suitable species to be used as sentinel organisms. The area of O Burgo showed some worrisome results: PCB sediment concentrations were within the range that could cause biological effects. Also the level of heptachlor observed in V. pullastra was above limits accepted on edible seafood. Finally TBT concentration in mussels correlated with concentrations causing imposex in snails.  相似文献   

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in harbor sediments from Sea Lots, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad and Tobago   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mohammed A  Peterman P  Echols K  Feltz K  Tegerdine G  Manoo A  Maraj D  Agard J  Orazio C 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(6):1324-1332

Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were determined in nearshore marine surficial sediments from three locations in Trinidad. Sediments were sampled at Sea Lots on the west coast, in south Port-of-Spain Harbor, south of Sea Lots at Caroni Lagoon National Park, and on Trinidad’s east coast at Manzanilla. Total PCB concentrations in Sea Lots sediments ranged from 62 to 601 ng/g (dry weight {dw}), which was higher than at Caroni and Manzanilla, 13 and 8 ng/g dw, respectively. Total OCP concentrations at Sea Lots were ranged from 44.5 to 145 ng/g dw, compared with 13.1 and 23.8 n/g (dw), for Caroni and Manzanilla respectively. The concentrations of PCBs and of some OCPs in sediments from Sea Lots were above the Canadian interim sediment quality guidelines. To date, this data is the first report on the levels of PCBs and other organochlorine compounds from Trinidad and Tobago.  相似文献