Mercury exposure and elimination rates in captive bottlenose dolphins     

Nigro M  Campana A  Lanzillotta E  Ferrara R 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(10):1071-1075

Mercury concentrations in fish, faeces and exhaled air were investigated in order to evaluate total mercury exposure through the gut in captive bottlenose dolphin and excretion via intestine and pulmonary routes. Results showed that faeces account for elimination of 34-48% of dietary mercury; while only 0.9-1.2% of alimentary mercury is eliminated through exhaled air. The remaining 51.2-65.3% of ingested mercury, ranging approximately between 266 and 339 microg per day, is retained within the organism. The complexation of mercury with selenium, forming insoluble tiemannite granules, is discussed as an important mechanism, complementary to excretion, by which odontocetes are able to cope with elevated alimentary exposure to mercury.  相似文献   

高含沙量岛屿海域冲刷槽的成因及其建港意义—以杭州湾湾口北部洋山海域为例   总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16  

徐元 《海洋工程》2001,19(1):88-93

采用1999年1－2月实测水文泥沙资料，1996年10月底质调查资料以及1998年水下地形测图，对洋山海区岛屿间水流、泥沙及水下地貌特征进行研究。分析表明，洋山海域属淤泥质海岸带的中等潮差近岸水域，缘于基岩为主体的岛屿与大流速的水流间的相互作用，其基本特征为大流速、多通道、高含沙量以及浅滩（岛屿）与深槽间布的水下地形，从潮量对比看，其主要潮汐通道南北岛链间通道为涨、落潮流共同作用且以落潮流为主的通道，小洋山－镬盖塘通道为涨潮流通道，镬盖塘－大岩礁通道为落潮流通道。基于以上认识，港口整体布局类型可分为人工岛型和单通道型，而布置起布工程时，应注意其附近小洋山－镬盖塘通道以涨潮流为主的特性，为减少对原始流场影响，以布置在小洋山岛西南侧为佳。  相似文献   

Behavioral response of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) to vessel traffic   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Ng SL  Leung S 《Marine environmental research》2003,56(5):555-567

A series of land-based surveys were conducted at two vantage points of known dolphin abundance in Hong Kong. The purpose of this study was to determine the behavioral response of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) to vessel traffic. Results indicated that dolphins dove for a longer duration in areas of heavy vessel traffic or when there was the presence of an oncoming vessel. Dependent upon the type of vessel and the relative distance, dolphins might flee, continue their ongoing activity, perform a new activity, or approach the vessel. Whilst slow-moving vessels appeared not to cause immediate stress on the dolphin community, fast-moving vessels often cause disruption of behavior and social life. In order to ensure a better environment for the animals, we suggest that proactive conservation measures such as the creation of a marine park, rules and regulations for dolphin watching activities, and regional control of vessel speed should be implemented.  相似文献   

桩承式加筋路堤三维土拱效应试验研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

曹卫平  胡伟伟 《岩土力学》2014,299(2):351-358

桩承式加筋路堤受力性状比较复杂,土拱效应对路堤的承载变形性状具有重要影响。通过三维土拱效应模型试验,研究桩-土相对位移、路堤高度、桩帽净间距和水平加筋体拉伸强度等因素对桩土应力比及路堤沉降的影响。结果表明：土拱效应发挥程度与桩-土相对位移密切相关,存在一个临界桩-土相对位移使得桩土应力比达到最大值,该临界桩-土相对位移约为6～8 mm。路堤高度与桩帽净间距之比越大,桩土应力比越大,路堤顶面差异沉降越小;桩帽宽度与桩帽净间距之比越大,桩土应力比越大,路堤顶面差异沉降越小。设置水平加筋体能有效提高桩土应力比并减小路堤顶面沉降;路堤越低,水平加筋体对桩土应力比的提高作用及对路面沉降的减小作用越明显;水平加筋体拉伸强度越高,这种作用越明显。桩承式加筋路堤三维土拱效应等沉面高度与桩帽净间距之比约为3.5。  相似文献   

桩承式路堤土拱形成及荷载传递机制离散元分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赖汉江  郑俊杰  章荣军  张军  崔明娟 《岩土力学》2015,36(Z1):646-650

土拱效应是桩承式路堤中影响荷载传递的关键因素。基于前人的室内模型试验,建立了桩承式路堤离散元（DEM）数值分析模型。基于路堤中应力偏转规律对土拱随桩土相对位移的形成规律进行了分析。在该基础上提出了合理拱轴线土拱模型,并引入荷载传递系数? 对土拱与土拱下方路堤填料间的荷载传递进行量化分析。模拟结果表明,桩土相对位移引起路堤中应力主方向发生偏转并形成虚拟土拱;土拱形态及高度随桩土相对位移的变化而变化,最大拱高约0.8倍桩净间距;? 随土拱高度的增加呈对数关系减小。  相似文献   

Piled embankment to prevent damage to pipe buried in soft grounds undergoing lateral flow     

Won Pyo Hong 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2017,35(5):719-729

Lateral flow of soft ground occurs when embankment filling is performed on reclaimed land of foreshore. If a utility pipe is buried in soft ground undergoing the lateral flow, severe damage to the pipe can be caused. A pile-supported embankment has been used to support embankment to minimize lateral flow of the soft soil by transferring the embankment loads through the piles to the firm layer. To prevent damage to the buried pipe subjected to lateral force of the soft ground, full-scale field experiments on the piled embankment were conducted for 70 days. The test results show that the piled embankment effectively reduces both the settlements of the ground and the lateral displacements of the buried pipe. Although additional load was not imposed on the embankment after finishing embankment filling, the settlement and lateral displacement of soft ground simultaneously increased. This coupling behavior was observed at the toe of the embankment and the back of the buried pipe. To quantitatively evaluate the coupling effect of the movement, the coupling area (CA) was coined and analyzed with the efficiency of load transfer. The efficiency evaluated by the CA was in good agreement with the efficiency by the soil arching mechanism.  相似文献   

软基高桥台桩-土相互作用计算新方法研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

冷伍明  杨奇  刘庆潭  聂如松 《岩土力学》2009,30(10):3079-3085

在软土地基桥台台后高路堤填土会引起下卧软土层产生水平塑流,对桥台桩基产生可观的侧压力。如何计算因软土塑性流动对桩产生的侧压力,是软土地基高桥台桩基设计中尚未解决的难点问题之一。通过分析对比研究,提出应用极限土压力法求解流塑区桥台桩基侧土压力,建立了可以考虑地基土成层特性、桩-土体系参数、侧压力沿深度任意变化的桥台-桩基系统分析力学模型,推导了求解桥台和桩基内力、位移值的新方法,该方法运算过程采用矩阵相乘,适于编程计算,比较一般理论方法和复杂的有限元法,其计算简单,需要的计算参数较少,实用价值更好。结合工程实例,采用MATLAB语言,编写了桥台桩基内力位移计算程序,验证了方法的准确性和可靠性,可供软土地基高桥台桩基设计计算时参考。  相似文献   

高铁荷载下桩承式路基动力响应及土拱效应研究     

庄妍  李劭邦  崔晓艳  董晓强  王康宇 《岩土力学》2020,41(9):3119-3130

土拱效应的作用机制是桩承式路堤荷载传递的关键性技术问题,然而高铁荷载作用下桩承式路堤中土拱效应的研究尚不充分。基于高铁设计规范的相关内容,建立了高铁荷载作用下桩承式路堤三维有限元分析模型,并采用已有研究结论验证了数值模型的正确性。根据该数值分析模型,首先分析了高铁荷载作用下路基的动力响应,研究了高铁荷载作用下道床和路堤不同位置处的竖向位移随时间的变化规律,以及路基中速度与加速度沿深度的分布规律。研究发现：道床和路堤表面处的竖向位移随时间变化呈倒“M”型周期变化,而路堤底部处呈“V”型周期变化;速度与加速度在路基深度范围内衰减了80%。通过变化桩间距、路堤高度以及路堤材料参数,分析其对高铁荷载作用下路堤应力和沉降发展规律的影响,进而分析其对土拱效应的影响。研究结果表明：动载作用下土拱效应依然存在,但有所减弱,动载峰值作用下减弱程度最大,谷值情况下有所恢复;桩间距和路堤高度对高铁荷载作用下桩承式路堤中土拱效应的影响较为明显,而路堤填料内摩擦角和剪胀角的影响则相对较小。  相似文献   

码头施工中几个细节问题的建议     

姜守东 《海岸工程》1998,17(3):58-60

通过威海港码头工程施工实践,提出了卸荷板下棱体抛石和水下整体平面施工方法,还就系船柱和护舷预埋螺栓的施工标准提出了建议。  相似文献   

减少沉降桩基础承载力安全系数研究     

胡展飞  戴金林 《上海国土资源》1999,(1):21-25

通过提出减少沉降桩基础的带承台群桩桩间土承载力的实用计算模型,得出根据静载荷试验P—W曲线求桩和桩间土的承载力安全系数K_1和K_2的方法,同时研究了安全系数K_1、K_2与桩距S_d同桩径D的比值n、单桩承载力发挥程度系数γ的关系。  相似文献