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211.
Spatial pattern of recent sediment and diatom accumulation in a small,monomictic, eutrophic lake 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
N. J. Anderson 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1990,3(2):143-160
Spatial variability of sediment and diatom deposition was assessed in a small monomictic, eutrophic lake in Northern Ireland (Lough Augher, Co. Tyrone) using measurements from 17 sediment cores. Loss-onignition profiles in water depths >6 m showed good repeatability, while littoral cores were more variable with localised profiles. Dry mass accumulation rates, derived by biostratigraphic correlation to a 210Pb dated master core, were variable and not correlated with water depth. Basin mean dry mass accumulation rate was 0.068 g cm-2 yr-1 (range 0.036–0.09) prior to 1900, and 0.19 g cm-2 yr-1 (range 0.11–0.3) after 1974. Post-1940 cumulative fluxes were estimated for dry mass (range 3.49–916 g cm-2) and diatoms (range 16.9–113.8×107 frustules cm-2). Cumulative dry mass was inversely correlated (r=–0.64) with distance from the inflow, indicating its localised influence. No variable was correlated with water depth except frustules of planktonic diatoms (r=0.66). However, high cumulative fluxes of diatoms and dry mass away from the inflow suggest that the expansion of the littoral macrophyte community may be responsible for decreased resuspension in shallow water, and together with increased sediment trapping, has enhanced sediment accumulation in shallow water over recent time periods. 相似文献
212.
N.?Jeremy?KasdinEmail author Pini?Gurfil Egemen?Kolemen 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2005,92(4):337-370
This paper presents a Hamiltonian approach to modelling spacecraft motion relative to a circular reference orbit based on
a derivation of canonical coordinates for the relative state-space dynamics. The Hamiltonian formulation facilitates the modelling
of high-order terms and orbital perturbations within the context of the Clohessy–Wiltshire solution. First, the Hamiltonian
is partitioned into a linear term and a high-order term. The Hamilton–Jacobi equations are solved for the linear part by separation,
and new constants for the relative motions are obtained, called epicyclic elements. The influence of higher order terms and
perturbations, such as Earth’s oblateness, are incorporated into the analysis by a variation of parameters procedure. As an
example, closed-form solutions for J2-invariant orbits are obtained. 相似文献
213.
Jozef Guba 《Mathematical Geology》1986,18(4):429-432
Distribution of chemical elements in nature is controlled by the general physical-chemical state of natural processes, a result of the effort to reach thermodynamic equilibrium. Natural processes, forming geologic objects (e.g., rocks, ores) usually do not reach total chemical equilibrium. This is reflected in distributions of chemical elements in nature. We recognize symmetric as well as asymmetric distributions. The question arises, what distribution in nature is most commonly followed? Evidently, this should be a distribution of chemical elements in thermodynamic equilibrium throughout the system, thus with maximum entropy. This paper notes that Gauss's normal distribution may be derived from statistic explanation of entropy as a function of contnt of chemical elements in a system with application of Einstein's formula. 相似文献
214.
介绍了使用CG-5相对重力仪对宝坻重力仪动态精度检定场进行标定的情况,并对观测成果精度进行了分析,实现了对检定场的成功标定。 相似文献
215.
多时相遥感影像辐射归一化方法综述 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
多时相遥感影像的辐射归一化是进行变化检测或拼接不可缺少的步骤。本文从绝对辐射归一化和相对辐射归一化两个方面对现有的多时相遥感影像辐射归一化方法进行了总结。对各种辐射归一化方法进行了剖析,并指出了这些方法的优缺点和适应性。最后对多时相遥感影像辐射归一化方法未来的发展进行了展望。 相似文献
216.
一次罕见飑前强降雹超级单体风暴特征分析 总被引:29,自引:14,他引:15
2009年6月5日,受一个飑线前超级单体雷暴的影响,上海部分地区出现了直径25—30mm的冰雹,随后,飑线尾随该超级单体扫过上海,造成大风、雷电和强降水天气。基于常规天气观测、多普勒天气雷达、风廓线仪和自动气象站等资料分析发现,该超级单体发生在东北冷涡西南侧的高空强冷平流与低空暖平流形成的强不稳定层结背景下,超级单体风暴发生、发展在飑线前的暖区中,经过由"热岛效应"和海陆风锋共同形成的低空辐合线时明显加强发展;该风暴呈现出"指"状、"楔"状、弱回波区(WER)等超级单体雷达反射率特征,"指"状回波处出现了中气旋的径向速度特征,具有标志大冰雹的三体散射长钉(TBSS)特征回波,通过三体散射长钉多普勒速度发现了大冰雹的下降区和增长区。分析还表明:东北冷涡西南侧横槽南摆导致中空降温,0℃层和-20℃层高度明显下降,为冰雹的空中增长提供较好的温度环境条件,较低的0℃层也保证冰雹在空中下落中融化较少。双风廓线仪对比观测表明,超级单体发展的低空风场环境中具有较大的垂直风切变和风暴相对螺旋度,中尺度对流系统与环境场的相互作用形成了有利于风暴发展和维持的正反馈机制。飑线前超级单体雷暴与飑线主体关系密切,起到类似"箭"与"弓"的引导作用,飑线主体的一部分进入超级单体所遗留下的"冷"区后明显减弱,东侧入海后也逐渐减弱,其余部分仍在发展加强;最终,强风暴逐渐减弱,超级单体特征也开始消失,飑线与之合并形成新的"人"字型中尺度对流系统,新的"弓"形回波带与原回波带相比移动方向发生右偏,因此,飑前超级单体在飑线主体移动和演变的临近预报中有重要指示意义。 相似文献
217.
This paper analyzes in detail the characteristics of surface humidity changes in China under the background of global warming in the recent 50 years by using the observation data compiled by the National Meteorological Information Center of China. The results reveal that (1) with the increase of temperature,surface saturation specific humidity (qs) shows basically an exponential growth, according to the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. The nationwide average moistening rate in winter is obviously less than the annual average rate and the summer rate. There are some regional differences in qstrends in different regions of China. For example, qsin central and eastern parts of China exhibits a reducing trend in summer, consistent with the weakening trend of temperature in these areas; (2) except parts of South China and Jianghuai Region in eastern China, unanimously increasing trends of annual and winter specific humidity (q) are found in most of China, especially in western China. In summer, except parts of Northeast China, Northwest China, and some areas over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, the decreasing and drying trends are significant in most of China, which is not consistent with the global mean situation; (3) the surface relative humidity(RH) in most of China shows a reducing trend. One of the major reasons for the reduction of RH is that the increasing rates of q are smaller than those of qs. Nonetheless, upward trends of RH in central and eastern China mainly due to the cooling temperature and rising q in these regions are observed in summer, leading to more precipitation. From about 2003 or so, qshas remarkably increased while q has sharply decreased in most parts of China; therefore, RH has reduced to a great extent. This may be closely related to the persistent growth of drought areas in China in the recent 10 years. 相似文献
218.
219.
220.
在结构风工程中, 风湍流统计参数计算的正确与否直接影响到风荷载的计算精度。在实际风参数计算与分析中, 多选用风速较大的样本资料, 但过分强调大风可能产生不合理的计算结果。利用超声风速仪瞬时风速观测资料, 分别划分成相对强风和持续强风样本, 计算并比较其湍流统计特性参数, 发现湍流统计参数特性值 (湍流度、阵风因子、摩擦速度等) 与风速大小并不能很好匹配, 有时风速不大但其湍流特性值却很大, 反之也然。研究表明:选取的湍流风资料样本或统计方法不同, 都会影响风特性参数的计算结果, 进而影响到风荷载计算的精度。这一结果对于提高结构风工程中风参数计算与设计的科学性和合理性具有现实意义。 相似文献