Petrochemistry of peridotites from North China: Significance for lithospheric mantle evolution     

Zheng Jianping  Yu Chunmei  Yuan Xiaoping  Yin Li  Jiao Shujuan  Tang Huayun  Zhang Zhihai  Lu Fengxiang 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2007,1(1):37-43

A petrochemical analysis was undertaken of peridotitic xenoliths in volcanic rocks that erupted from the Paleozoic to the Cenozoic within the eastern part of the North China craton, and the peridotites as tectonic intrusion in the Early Mesozoic from the Sulu orogen. The results show that the cratonic mantle, which was refractory and existed when the kimberlites intruded in the Paleozoic, had almost been replaced by the newly accreted fertile lithospheric mantle during the Mesozoic-Cenozoic. The erosion, metasomatism, and intermingling caused by the accreted asthenospheric material acting on the craton mantle along the weak zone and deep fault (such as the Tanlu fault) in the existing lithosphere resulted in the lithospheric thinning at a larger scale 100 Ma ago (but later than 178 Ma). The largest thinning would be in the Eogene. The upwelling asthenospheric material transformed into accreted lithospheric mantle due to the asthenospheric temperature falling in the Neogene (leading to relatively slight lithospheric incrassation), and finally accomplished mantle replacement. The peridotitic body in the Sulu orogen represents the products spreading from the modified cratonic lithospheric mantle. Translated from Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2006, 31(1): 49–56 [译自: 地球科学—中国地质大学学报]  相似文献   

对强夯置换概念的探讨和置换墩长度的实测研究     

水伟厚 《岩土力学》2011,32(Z2):502-506

强夯和强夯置换法是经济高效应用广泛的地基处理方法之一,但工程界对强夯与强夯置换的概念理解仍存在很大分歧。值此多个地基处理技术规范修编的机会,有必要对强夯和强夯置换的概念进行澄清。文中首次明确提出了强夯置换区别于强夯的4个条件：有无填料、填料好否、夯锤静接地压力是否大于80 kPa和是否形成密实墩体。同时,根据68项工程或项目实测资料,首次提出了强夯置换墩长度与能级（最高达到18 000 kN•m）的经验关系,并做成表格供工程人员预估置换墩长度时参考  相似文献   

顶进箱涵全断面置换管幕工法中钢管幕内力研究及实例分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

夏才初  阙程柯  刘胜 《岩土力学》2011,32(12):3555-3560

顶进箱涵全断面置换管幕工法是在出发井和接收井之间,利用顶管法在箱涵所在位置顶推钢管,置换出土体,形成全断面管撑,再顶推箱涵,同步置换出已顶进的钢管。针对该工法中的钢管幕,建立其内力和变形计算简化模型,将钢管视为在附加荷载作用下的置于Winkler地基上的弹性地基梁,推导出全断面管幕形式顶进箱涵置换管幕工法的钢管幕内力和变形计算公式,以此分析钢管幕的竖向变形。并采用弹性地基梁法和模拟试验比拟法,发现二者在规律及大小上都较为接近,说明所推导出的内力和变形计算公式具有一定的合理性,为实际工程的设计提供了理论依据  相似文献   

岩溶地区地下水位变动带隧道涌水问题的思考     

郑克勋  裴熊伟  朱代强  吴述彧  郭维祥 《中国岩溶》2019,38(4):473-479

通过鸡冠山隧道涌水实例及广泛收集岩溶地区隧道涌水案例,总结出岩溶地区隧道季节变动带涌水具有反应时间快、水量大、泥沙重的特点,并综合分析地下水季节变动带隧道的水文地质特征,将其划分为一般山岭隧道及向斜构造地下水位变动带两种类型,且对两种类型涌水机理进行了阐述。岩溶地区隧道前期勘察应重点划分隧道岩溶地下水系统及地下水动力分带,查明岩溶发育特征与规律;施工期和运行期应结合岩溶揭露情况和涌水情况开展针对性的补充勘察,做好降雨、涌水过程和涌水压力监测,判断和预测最大外水压力和涌水量。针对涌水问题,提出封堵和排泄两种处理思路:施工开挖揭露的岩溶现象不可盲目封堵,需尽可能维持原通道的通畅,针对可能涌水的隧道衬砌设计不可仅考虑围岩结构,应充分考虑外水压力,做好围岩固结灌浆;常规隧道“环形排水系统+中心沟”排水系统可靠性差,针对大流量涌水,多采用泄水洞排水。   相似文献   

黑龙江南部大贵屯一带地质构造特征及其构造期次的厘定          下载免费PDF全文

梁帅  翟富荣  戴慧敏  张艳飞  刘凯  仲米山  陈垚  刘金庆  于新洋 《中国地质》2022,49(2):631-642

[研究目的]黑龙江南部大贵屯一带位于松嫩—张广才岭地块东部,为古亚洲洋构造域与太平洋构造域的叠加与转换部位,开展小型或微观构造形迹特征的研究,对进一步解析二大构造域的叠加与转换背景具有重要的理论意义.[研究方法]基于系统的野外调查和镜下矿物变形特征识别,结合前人研究成果,讨论研究区的构造演化历史以及两大构造体系叠加与转...  相似文献   

近30年滇西北高原湖泊海菜花(Ottelia acuminata)群落变化     

李宁云  田昆  陈玉惠  刘朝蓬  李靖  敖新宇  雷然 《湖泊科学》2015,27(3):401-406

采用对比研究法,研究了近30年来滇西北洱海、茈碧湖、剑湖、拉市海和泸沽湖5个高原湖泊海菜花(Ottelia acuminata)群落的变化,结果表明:与1980年相比,天然海菜花群落仅在泸沽湖和剑湖有分布.现时海菜花群落物种数增加,泸沽湖海菜花群落物种数由1980年的7种增至2008年的10种,剑湖海菜花群落物种数由1980年的6种增至2011年的12种.群落生活型构成变得复杂,泸沽湖海菜花群落由沉水植物和漂浮植物构成向沉水植物、浮叶植物和漂浮植物构成变化;剑湖海菜花群落由单一沉水植物构成向沉水植物、浮叶植物、漂浮植物和湿生植物构成变化.两湖海菜花群落物种组成均发生更替,但泸沽湖海菜花群落物种组成与30年前相似度较高,群落保存相对较好;剑湖海菜花群落物种组成则与30年前相似度较低,群落变化大.  相似文献   

Pervasion degree of convective mixing and investigations of mantle mixing     

Rongshan Fu      Jianhua Huang  Jun Liu  Xiaohua Chang  National Geophysical Observatory at Mengcheng  Mengcheng  China Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials  Environments  Chinese Academy of Science  Hefei  China School of Earth  Space Science  University of Science  Technology of China  China 《地震学报(英文版)》2009,(4):323-329

Geodynamic studies have shown that mantle convection is like a giant blender to make the original heterogeneous mantle mixing and homogenizing. However,some models,especially from geochemical data show that the modern mantle may still contain a number of reservoir bodies with different chemical composition. Then,the modern mantle is homogeneous? Authors have defined a box replacement degree of convective mantle mixing and pervasion degree of convective mantle mixing (that equals to initial density of tracin...  相似文献   

桩与土工格栅联合作用对高速公路路堤地基承载力影响的有限元分析     

程栋栋  闫澍旺  侯晋芳  杨昌民 《岩土力学》2007,28(Z1):886-890

针对目前国内采用桩与土工格栅联合作用加固高速公路软土地基的新方法,利用平面应变弹塑性有限元方法,建立路基的二维有限元模型进行数值分析计算。对人们普遍关注的土工格栅在提高地基承载力和稳定性方面的有效性进行分析,并研究在置换率相同情况下桩径和桩间距的变化以及在置换率变化条件下不同桩径和桩间距的选取对复合地基承载力的影响规律,为今后桩基的优化设计提供可靠的参考依据。  相似文献   

Magmatic processes forming replacement textures with fluorite alignments in feldspars in an evolved trachyte from Oki-Dogo Island,Sea of Japan     

Satoshi Nakano  Kuniaki Makino 《Island Arc》2024,33(1):e12509

Internal microtextures of ternary alkali feldspars in sanidine trachyte from Oki-Dogo Island were examined using an electron microprobe analyzer, a scanning electron microscope, a transmission electron microscope and cathodoluminescence instruments, to develop the understanding of volcanic processes of alkaline magmas related to feldspar crystallization. The examined trachyte is an evolved rock of the Oki-Dogo Pliocene trachyte group. Its phenocryst feldspars are commonly associated with lamellar-wavy-domain textures with scales approximately from 100 nm up to several hundreds of μm that show complex and gradual variations in composition: however, anti-rapakivi zoning textures common in other Oki-Dogo alkaline rocks are almost completely absent in the trachyte. These textures are produced by extensive magmatic ion-exchange replacement reactions progressively advanced in the evolved magma. Characteristic braided fluorite alignments are developed consistently with lamellar-wavy-domain textures in phenocryst feldspars, and similar braided alignments are also present in groundmass feldspars with complicated microtextures. Most of fluorite grains are <100 nm in diameter, and the patterns of braided fluorite alignments vary greatly in individual feldspars. The whole occurrence of the feldspar microtextures represents an extreme example of diffusion-controlled replacement reactions, progressively advanced in the dry (relatively anhydrous) trachyte magma. The genetic processes forming fluorite alignments in feldspars are related to magma compositions, especially F and P contents, and the crystallization of F-bearing minerals, especially of fluorapatite.  相似文献   

挡墙基底换填对弃土场边坡稳定性影响分析     

肖建宇  谢忠勇  张著伦 《地质灾害与环境保护》2020,(1):81-86

为了研究弃土场边坡挡墙加固中,挡墙基底在不同换填宽度条件下以及在同一宽度条件下不同换填深度对弃土场边坡稳定性的影响。基于有限元强度折减法理论,利用midas GTS有限元软件,依托工程实例建立二维有限元模型。分析了不同换填宽度及换填深度情况下弃土场边坡在暴雨工况下的稳定性系数。研究发现在同一换填宽度条件下,换填深度对边坡稳定性起决定性作用;只有在换填深度达到一定值时,增加换填宽度才对边坡稳定性有提升作用。  相似文献