灰色系统在电敏感区法粒度分析曲线外推技术中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

姚胜初 《海洋科学》1993,17(3):63-66

根据TAI型库尔特计数器单管粒度分析结果,利用灰色系统建立GM(1,1)预测模型,对样品频率曲线进行外推处理,可获得小于仪器基线通道阈值颗粒的体积百分比含量,并将结果与入重-出重法测定结果进行对比,精度较高。为电敏感区法粒度分析资料的外推处理提供了新的方法。  相似文献   

Assessment of population size and migration routes of silver eel in the River Rhine based on a 2-year combined mark-recapture and telemetry study     

Breteler  Jan Klein; Vriese  Tim; Borcherding  Jost; Breukelaar  Andre; Jorgensen  Lothar; Staas  Stefan; de Laak  Gerard; Ingendahl  Detlev 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2007,64(7):1450-1456

  相似文献   

马氏珠母贝养殖群体的生长特性研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

何毛贤  林岳光  袁涛 《热带海洋学报》2006,25(4):56-60

从养殖于深圳大亚湾海区的3月龄马氏珠母贝Pinctada martensii养殖群体中挑出较大和较小个体的贝分为2个组,分别命名为大个体组和小个体组,以同样的方式进行养殖,在3—12月龄间每隔1—2月对其生长进行测量;同时取12月龄的贝200个编号进行个体生长测量,到16月龄结束。经t检验,大个体组贝在各个测量阶段4个性状(壳长、高、宽和体重)都显著大于小个体组(p<0.01),大个体组日增长幅度在3—9月龄也大于小个体组;经最小显著差法分析,个体测量的3个亚组间大小存在显著差异(p<0.01),顺序为Ⅰ(Ⅰ’)<Ⅱ(Ⅱ’)<Ⅲ(Ⅲ’),但其日增长量为Ⅰ(Ⅰ’)>Ⅱ(Ⅱ’)>Ⅲ(Ⅲ’),同时显示出初始值较大的个体在后期仍有较大的增长趋势,但个别初始值较小的个体增长快,在生长后期个体也很大。3—9月龄贝的大小平均增长率大于11—16月龄贝,而体重增长要小于11—16月龄贝。该研究结果对选择育种中亲本的选留、珍珠生产中植核贝的选留具有较大的指导作用。  相似文献   

咸淡水交汇区重金属粒径分配特征的模拟实验     

张银英  何清溪  何悦强  温伟英 《热带海洋学报》1995,(1)

利用从珠江莲花山河段采集的淡水和大洋海水经过滤后，按不同盐度混合，模拟河口咸淡水交汇区重金属在水中各微粒级的分配特征。实验结果表明，在各种盐度条件下，Ｆｅ，Ａｌ，Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ，Ｚｎ和Ｃｄ主要以粒径＞１．０μｍ和＜０．２２μｍ的微粒存在于水中。在加入Ｆｅ（３＋），Ａｌ（３＋）模拟实验中，重金属绝大部分含量形成粒径＞１．０μｍ的微粒，其中Ｆｅ达９９％以上，Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ约９５％，Ａｌ约有７０％－９０％，Ｃｄ约４０％，其余部分主要以＜０．２２μｍ微粒存在。加入与未加入Ｆｅ（３＋），Ａｌ（３＋）的实验比较，Ｆｅ（３＋），Ａｌ（３＋）的加入对水中Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ，Ｚｎ和Ｃｄ含量向大微粒聚集有很大影响，使其聚集在粒径＞１．０μｍ微粒的量增加３０％－４０％。另外从实验结果和理论分析可知，水的盐度与重金属在位径＜１．０μｍ微粒中的含量分布无明显关系，但咸水中大量离子将对河水中胶体絮凝和微粒增长有重大影响。  相似文献   

珠江口初级生产力和新生产力研究   总被引：18，自引：2，他引：18  

蔡昱明  宁修仁  刘子琳 《海洋学报》2002,24(3):101-111

1996年12月和1997年8月在珠江河口湾及其毗邻海域对浮游植物生物量、初级生产力和新生产力及其环境制约机制的研究.结果表明,调查海区的叶绿素a、初级生产力和新生产力均是夏季高于冬季,冬、夏两季的平均值分别为(0.95±0.41)和(1.08±0.52)μg/dm3,(69.2±75.5)和(198.7±119.1)mg/(m2·d),(1.46±0.79)和(3.05±3.09)mg/(m3·h).冬、夏两季平均f-比分别为0.45和0.38.分级叶绿素a结果显示,冬、夏两季均以微型和微微型级分(<20μm)占优势,其对海区叶绿素a的贡献分别为796%和81.6%,对初级生产力的贡献分别为70.7%和896%.调查海区具显著的空间区域化特征,叶绿素a和潜在初级生产力的高值出现在冲淡水区的中部,向口门区和远岸区逐渐降低.现场初级生产力的高值出现在远岸区,它与复合参数B_eZ_pI₀(B_e为真光层平均叶绿素a,Z_p为真光层深度,I₀为海面光辐射强度-PAR)呈很好的正相关,说明光是研究海区初级生产力的主要限制因子.新生产力冬、夏两季的高值分别出现在交椅湾和伶仃洋西南部.  相似文献   

Flocculation and phytoplankton cell size can alter Th-based estimates of the vertical flux of particulate organic carbon in the sea     

Anya M. Waite  Paul S. Hill   《Marine Chemistry》2006,100(3-4):366

The deficit of ²³⁴Th relative to its radioactive parent ²³⁸U in the surface ocean can yield reliable estimates of vertical Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) fluxes to deeper waters, but only when coupled with an accurate ratio of POC concentration to activity of ²³⁴Th on sinking matter. Assuming a simple partitioning of suspended phytoplankton mass between single cells and flocs, we calculate the ratio of the POC flux estimated from ²³⁴Th deficit to the actual POC flux (p ratio, Smith, J.N., Moran, S.B., Speicher, E.A., in press. The p-ratio: a new diagnostic for evaluating the accuracy of upper ocean particulate organic carbon export fluxes estimated from ²³⁴Th/²³⁸U disequilibrium. Deep-Sea Research I.). The p ratios are calculated under the assumption that particle surface area is correlated with ²³⁴Th activity and particle volume is correlated with POC concentration. The value of the p ratio depends on the relative contributions of single cells and flocs to the vertical flux. When large single cells make up a significant fraction of the vertical flux, p ratios are less than one, meaning POC fluxes estimated from ²³⁴Th deficits underestimate actual POC fluxes. When large single cells are abundant but do not sink fast enough to contribute to vertical POC flux, p ratios are greater than one (up to 3 × overestimate). Factor analysis of the model indicates that altering the extent of flocculation in suspension and changing the density and maximum size of phytoplankton cells have the greatest effects on the p ratio. Failure to measure the properties of flocs when characterizing the ratio of POC to thorium on sinking matter potentially leads to large overestimation of the POC flux (over 20 ×). Failure to characterize the POC to thorium ratio of large particles, by, for example, destruction of phytoplankton cells in pumps, can lead to underestimation of POC flux. Estimates of POC flux should be most reliable in highly flocculated suspensions populated by small cells and rapidly sinking flocs. These conditions are often associated with intense phytoplankton blooms.  相似文献   

临海工程建设对厦门北面海域底质粒级组成的影响     

蔡锋  陈承惠 《台湾海峡》1992,11(1):2-7

本文根据1980年厦门港湾底质调查的70个样品,应用R型因子分析方法,对沉积物粒级组成的成因进行分析。结果表明,该海域陆续修建的临海工程对其沉积物组成影响明显,使其由粗粒组成向细粒组成变化。尤其是高集海堤的兴建,泥沙大量淤积;海堤建成后,沉积环境日益稳定,接受沉积物以粉砂、粘土占主导地位。  相似文献   

Overland flow generation and continuity on stone-covered soil surfaces     

H. Lavee  J. W. A. Poesen 《水文研究》1991,5(4):345-360

The influence of stone cover on the generation and continuity of overland flow is a function of several variables, primarily stone size, distance (spacing) between stones, and stone position (on top of the soil surface or partially embedded). The initial hypothesis of the present study were that stone size affects overland flow generation by inducing ‘concentration overland flow’ and that the distance between stones affects overland flow continuity. With respect to stone size and distance between stones, opposing results have been found in the literature. Accordingly, the present paper reports on laboratory experiments which were conducted to investigate, systematically, the effect on overland flow of stone size, distance between stones, and stone position. The main conclusions were:

• 1 Stone cover tended to induce overland flow, relative to bare soil. Small stones, however, especially in a low-cover percentage setting, and when resting on top of the soil surface, produced less overland flow than bare soil.
• 2 Overland flow was positively related to stone size, but inversely related to distance between stones.
• 3 Overland flow yield was always greater when stones were embedded than when on top of the soil surface.
• 4 The effect of stone size on increasing the degree of overland flow was of greater significance than the effect of the distance between stones on reducing overland flow.

  相似文献   

Garnet morphology distribution in the northern part of the Moine Supergroup,Scottish Caledonides          下载免费PDF全文

K. T. Ashley  R. D. Law  J. R. Thigpen 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2017,35(1):77-94

Garnet is a versatile and useful indicator mineral exploited in numerous geological studies. Despite its utility in providing thermobarometry and geochronology constraints, many difficulties remain in making meaningful interpretations of such data. In this paper, we characterize garnet grains from over 140 garnet‐bearing metasedimentary rock samples collected from the northern part of the Moine Supergroup (Scottish Caledonides). Large, euhedral garnet grains are interpreted to be indicative of prograde metamorphic growth during the most recent (Scandian, c. 430 Ma) phase of orogenesis. Anhedral garnet is largely restricted to the relatively low‐grade (greenschist – lower amphibolite facies) Moine thrust sheet, with an abrupt change in morphology and grain size when traced across the overlying Ben Hope and Sgurr Beag thrusts into the higher grade, more hinterland‐positioned thrust sheets. Our results suggest that caution should be exercised in using anhedral garnet in the Moine thrust sheet to estimate peak P–T conditions associated with low temperature (< ~500 °C) Scandian metamorphism, because in at least some cases garnet growth may have occurred during an earlier metamorphic event. However, chemical and isotopic data from this structurally lower anhedral garnet may still be useful for deconvolving a possible polymetamorphic history for this thrust sheet. In the immediately overlying Ben Hope thrust sheet, garnet has prograde euhedral (Scandian?) rims, indicating that the Ben Hope thrust must represent a significant thermal and/or chemical break. Inclusion distribution and mineral assemblages in garnet have been used to gain further insight on garnet growth conditions and to distinguish garnet that likely contains multiple generations of growth. Although our results are specific to the Caledonides of northern Scotland, this work highlights the general necessity of a comprehensive petrographic assessment in advance of interpreting large suites of garnet‐derived thermodynamic and geochronological data.  相似文献   

Generation of a realistic 3D sand assembly using X‐ray micro‐computed tomography and spherical harmonic‐based principal component analysis          下载免费PDF全文

B. Zhou  J. Wang 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2017,41(1):93-109

Three‐dimensional particle morphology is a significant problem in the discrete element modeling of granular sand. The major technical challenge is generating a realistic 3D sand assembly that is composed of a large number of random‐shaped particles containing essential morphological features of natural sands. Based on X‐ray micro‐computed tomography data collected from a series of image processing techniques, we used the spherical harmonics (SH) analysis to represent and reconstruct the multi‐scale features of real 3D particle morphologies. The SH analysis was extended to some highly complex particles with sharp corners and surface cavities. We then proposed a statistical approach for the generation of realistic particle assembly of a given type of sand based on the principle component analysis (PCA). The PCA aims to identify the major pattern of the coefficient matrix, which is made up of the SH coefficients of all the particles involved in the analysis. This approach takes into account the particle size effect on the variation of particle morphology, which is observed from the available results of micro‐computed tomography and QICPIC analyses of sand particle morphology. Using the aforementioned approach, two virtual sand samples were generated, whose statistics of morphological parameters were compared with those measured from real sand particles. The comparison shows that the proposed approach is capable of generating a realistic sand assembly that retains the major morphological features of the mother sand. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献