EXPLORATION ENGINEERING     

《Abstract of Chinese Geological Literature》2014,(3)

正20141864 Deng Mengchun(Institute of Exploration Technology,CAGS,Chengdu 611734,China);Huang Shenghui Rock Sample Collection and Division Technologies for Air Reverse Circulation Sampling Drilling(Exploration Engineering,ISSN1672-7428,CN11-5063/TD,40(7),2013,p.73-76,80,16 illus.,5 refs.)  相似文献   

Zircon U–Pb ages and Hf isotope compositions of migmatites from the North Qinling terrane and their geological implications     

Q. Liu  Y.‐B. Wu  H. Wang  S. Gao  Z.‐W. Qin  X.‐C. Liu  S.‐H. Yang  H.‐J. Gong 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2014,32(2):177-193

Migmatites are predominant in the North Qinling (NQ) orogen, but their formation ages are poorly constrained. This paper presents a combined study of cathodoluminescence imaging, U–Pb age, trace element and Hf isotopes of zircon in migmatites from the NQ unit. In the migmatites, most zircon grains occur as new, homogeneous crystals, while some are present as overgrowth rims around inherited cores. Morphological and trace element features suggest that the zircon crystals are metamorphic and formed during partial melting. The inherited cores have oscillatory zoning and yield U–Pb ages of c. 900 Ma, representing their protolith ages. The early Neoproterozoic protoliths probably formed in an active continental margin, being a response to the assembly of the supercontinent Rodinia. The migmatite zircon yields Hf model ages of 1911 ± 20 to 990 ± 22 Ma, indicating that the protoliths were derived from reworking of Palaeoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic crustal materials. The anatexis zircon yields formation ages ranging from 455 ± 5 to 420 ± 4 Ma, with a peak at c. 435 Ma. Combined with previous results, we suggest that the migmatization of the NQ terrane occurred at c. 455–400 Ma. The migmatization was c. 50 Ma later than the c. 490 Ma ultra‐high‐P (UHP) metamorphism, indicating that they occurred in two independent tectonic events. By contrast, the migmatization was coeval with the granulite facies metamorphism and the granitic magmatism in the NQ unit, which collectively argue for their formation due to the northward subduction of the Shangdan Ocean. UHP rocks were distributed mainly along the northern margin and occasionally in the inner part of the NQ unit, indicating that they were exhumed along the northern edge and detached from the basement by the subsequent migmatization process.  相似文献   

Understory and small trees contribute importantly to stemflow of a lower montane cloud forest          下载免费PDF全文

Teresa Margarita González‐Martínez  Guadalupe Williams‐Linera  Friso Holwerda 《水文研究》2017,31(5):1174-1183

Stemflow (Sf) measurements in tropical rain and montane forests dominated by large trees rarely include the understory and small trees. In this study, contributions of lower (1‐ to 2‐m height) and upper (>2‐m height and <5‐cm diameter at breast height [DBH]) woody understory, small trees (5 < DBH < 10 cm), and canopy trees (>10‐cm DBH) to Sf per unit ground area (Sf_a) of a Mexican lower montane cloud forest were quantified for 32 days with rainfall (P) during the 2014 wet season. Rainfall, stemflow yield (Sf_y), vegetation height, density, and basal area were measured. Subsequently, stemflow funneling ratios (SFRs) were calculated, and three common methods to scale up Sf_y from individual trees to the stand level (tree‐Sf_y correlation, P‐Sf_y correlation, and mean‐Sf_y extrapolation) were used to calculate Sf_a. Understory woody plants, small trees, and upper canopy trees represented 96%, 2%, and 2%, respectively, of the total density. Upper canopy trees had the lowest SFRs (1.6 ± 0.5 Standard Error (SE) on average), although the lower understory had the highest (36.1 ± 6.4). Small trees and upper understory presented similar SFRs (22.9 ± 5.4 and 20.2 ± 3.9, respectively). Different Sf scaling methods generally yielded similar results. Overall Sf_a during the study period was 22.7 mm (4.5% of rainfall), to which the understory contributed 70.1% (15.9 mm), small trees 10.6% (2.4 mm), and upper canopy trees 19.3% (4.4 mm). Our results strongly suggest that for humid tropical forests with dense understory of woody plants and small trees, Sf of these groups should be measured to avoid an underestimation of overall Sf at the stand level.  相似文献   

Introducing a new conceptual instantaneous unit hydrograph model based on a hydraulic approach     

Setareh Khaleghi  Mohammad Parvin Nia 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(13-14):1967-1975

ABSTRACT

A novel approach is introduced for simulation of instantaneous unit hydrographs (IUHs). The model consists of a series of linear reservoirs that are connected to each other, and is referred to as the inter-connected linear reservoir model (ICLRM). By assuming the flow between two reservoirs is a linear function of the difference between the water levels in the reservoirs, a system of first-order linear differential equations is obtained as the ICLRM governing equation. By solving the equations, the discharge from the last reservoir is considered as an IUH. A small-scale laboratory device was constructed for the simulation of IUHs using the model. By studying four hydrographs extracted from the literature, and simulating them using both the ICLRM and the Nash model, it is concluded that the ICLRM can predict these hydrographs more accurately than the Nash model. Due to the simplicity of the construction and operation of the ICLRM and, more importantly, its visual aspect, the ICLRM may be considered as an effective educational tool for studying IUHs.  相似文献   

松辽盆地大陆科钻二开段大井眼钻井液技术     

郑文龙 《地质与勘探》2016,52(5):931-936

CCSD-SK2井是一口钻穿松辽盆地白垩纪陆相沉积地层的中国大陆科学钻探井。二开段先以216mm口径钻至2806.20m,然后进行444.5mm口径扩孔。泥页岩地层大井眼钻进过程中粘土矿物含量高且易造浆,砂砾岩层渗透性强易粘卡,井壁稳定控制与钻屑携带难度大。选用了钾铵聚合物钻井液体系和聚磺钻井液体系,通过正交实验确定了钻井液配方。将钻井液控制在合适的密度、较低的失水量以及较强的封堵性,有效实现了井壁稳定;保持适当的环空返速、较高的动塑比以及定期打稠塞举砂等措施,有效实现了井眼净化。1086.45m~1147.56m与1182.74m~1256.01m井段累计收获岩心130.90m,取心率达到97.41%,平均机械钻速为0.84m/h;最终顺利钻至2806.20m。  相似文献   

断代成矿单元研究划分 ----以陕西省成矿单元划分为例     

董王仓  李新林  陈丽蓉  王娅娅  白小鸟 《地质论评》2016,62(S1):207-208

随着地质找矿难度的日益加大,如何科学地圈定找矿靶区,已成为新时期矿产勘查部署及实现找矿突破的关键。成矿单元划分是区域成矿规律研究的基础性工作,在圈定找矿靶区、部署矿产勘查工作中起着重要作用。目前国内成矿单元划分的主要方法是以区域内成矿作用最强、矿床最多的构造旋回所形成的地质构造单元为基础,同时考虑其它构造旋回形成的矿床分布状况而进行成矿单元划分,即采用综合方法划分成矿单元（陈毓川等,2007.徐志刚等,2008.）。对于仅发育单一构造演化阶段或多数矿床形成于某一主要构造阶段的区域而言,上述划分思路和方案基本反映了成矿地质背景及矿产分布规律。但对于发育多个构造演化阶段或多旋回造山带的区域（如陕西省）而言,其矿产众多且形成于多个构造演化阶段,综合方法所划分的成矿区带则较难客观、清晰地反映其成矿背景及矿产分布规律。陕西省多年来的矿产勘查实践表明,成矿单元的划分应从本省多旋回构造演化、多阶段成矿作用的实际出发开展断代成矿单元划分,从而清晰地反映各构造演化阶段的成矿特征及矿床分布规律,以满足新时期地质找矿工作的需求。  相似文献   

基于GeoSOT剖分编码的不动产单元统一标识模型研究     

宋树华  董芳  陈东  赵金玲  李滨  张乐  王希营  李世忠  翟卫欣  孙忠秋 《测绘学报》2016,45(Z1):99-105

针对现有不动产单元编码存在空间位置信息模糊的问题,以寻求更加直接反映空间位置的不动产编码为目标,在对现有不动产单元编码深入研究的基础上,提出了基于GeoSOT网格编码的不动产单元模型、编码方法,以及该模型与空间位置信息转换方案。试验证明,基于GeoSOT的不动产单元编码更加直观,具有很好的实用性。  相似文献   

边坡单元的SAR数据特征     

黄佳璇  杜伟超  王立伟  谢谟文 《测绘科学》2016,41(10):111-114,180

针对传统D-InSAR技术以栅格单元为研究对象而无法充分反映地形条件的问题,该文提出了以边坡单位为研究对象的D-InSAR数据特征分析。通过基于边坡单元的区域地形因子与后向散射系数和相干系数关系的分析方法,建立了研究区域SAR数据的可信区域滤波方法,提取出了研究区域SAR数据分析结果的可信区域。该方法提高了SAR数据的有效性,为滑坡早期监测提供了可靠的数据基础。通过对金沙江乌东德区域的SAR数据实例分析,验证了该方法的实用性。  相似文献   

中心内缩综合元的水深自动综合模型     

王沫  李树军  金绍华 《测绘科学》2016,41(10):176-180

针对水深自动综合问题,该文在满足水深综合的特殊要求并保持综合前后水深分布空间一致性的基础上,利用Voronoi图工具,采用定性和定量分析方法,建立了相应的综合规则和控制流程,设计了一种中心内缩综合元的水深自动综合模型,并进行了实验验证。实验结果表明,该模型可以在保证水深综合质量的前提下,实现流程的自动化。  相似文献   

Research on Formation Mechanisms of Hot Dry Rock Resources in China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

WANG Guiling  LIN Wenjing  ZHANG Wei  LU Chuan  MA Feng  GAN Haonan 《《地质学报》英文版》2016,90(4):1418-1433

As an important geothermal resource, hot dry rock(HDR) reserves have been studied in many countries. HDR resources in China have huge capacity and have become one of the most important resources for the potential replacement of fossil fuels. However, HDR resources are difficult to develop and utilise. Technologies for use with HDR, such as high–temperature drilling, reservoir characterisation, reservoir fracturing, microseismic monitoring and high–temperature power stations, originate from the field of oil and drilling. Addressing how to take advantage of these developed technologies is a key factor in the development of HDR reserves. Based on the thermal crustal structure in China, HDR resources can be divided into four types: high radioactive heat production, sedimentary basin, modern volcano and the inner–plate active tectonic belt. The prospective regions of HDR resources are located in South Tibet, West Yunnan, the southeast coast of China, Bohai Rim, Songliao Basin and Guanzhong Basin. The related essential technologies are relatively mature, and the prospect of HDR power generation is promising. Therefore, analysing the formation mechanisms of HDR resources and promoting the transformation of technological achievements, large–scale development and the utilisation of HDR resources can be achieved in China.  相似文献