Variations of crop coefficient and its influencing factors in an arid advective cropland of northwest China          下载免费PDF全文

Risheng Ding  Ling Tong  Fusheng Li  Yanqun Zhang  Xinmei Hao  Shaozhong Kang 《水文研究》2015,29(2):239-249

Understanding the variation and magnitude of crop coefficient (K_c) is important for accurate determination of crop evapotranspiration and water use. In this study, we calculated K_c in an irrigated maize field with ground mulching by eddy covariance evapotranspiration measurements during the whole growing periods in 2009 and 2010 in an arid region of northwest China. A semi‐empirical practical approach for estimating K_c was proposed by introducing the dynamic fraction of canopy cover and incorporating the effect of leaf senescence as a function of days after sowing. The contribution of arid advection of sensible heat resulting from irrigation to K_c and the response of K_c to canopy conductance (G_c) were investigated. The averaged values of daily K_c were lower than typical values obtained previously without mulching due to decreasing effect of mulching on K_c, with 0.82 and 0.80 for the 2 years, respectively. The maximum average K_c occurred at the heading stage, with 1.21 and 1.04 for the 2 years, respectively. The difference of K_c was attributed to the difference of leaf area index. The semi‐empirical practical approach could well estimate the variations of K_c, thus could be a robust and useful tool for the practical users and water managers. The contributions to daily K_c from the arid advection were 4.4–28.0% of the measured K_c. The G_c had stronger control on daily K_c at the early and later stages than at the middle stage. When G_c, leaf area index and relative soil extractable water were lower than the respective threshold values of 20 mm s^?1, 3.0 m² m^?2 and 0.5, the daily K_c increased significantly with the increase of the three factors, and almost remained constant when the three factors were beyond the threshold values. These results are helpful for quantifying contributions of individual factors to K_c, and subsequently improving water management practices according to K_c. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Variation in Summer Rainfall in North China during the Period 1956-2007 and Links with Atmospheric Circulation   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

梁丰  陶诗言  卫捷  布和朝鲁 《大气科学进展》2011,28(2)

Using gauge precipitation data and NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data, the interdecadal changes in summer precipitation during the period 1956-2007 in North China and the link with atmospheric circulation change over Eurasia are studied. Results show that precipitation amounts decreased by 16.2 mm per decade, which was attributable to a significant reduction in precipitation frequency. Contrary wave trains were found in the subtropical westerly jet (wave guide) over Eurasia for the wet and dry years of North China. ...  相似文献   

西藏东部6-9月降水与中部地-气温差的关系   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

汶林科  崔鹏  向灵芝  方华 《冰川冻土》2011,33(2):300-308

根据1966-2004年青藏高原中东部17个站点的降水、气温、地温资料,利用EOF分析以及相关分析方法研究了青藏高原中部地-气温差对西藏中东部降水的影响.结果表明:西藏中东部6-9月降水EOF分析第一特征向量场的时间系数与安多的地-气温差的相关系数可以达到0.7以上,而与高原中部地-气温差的平均值的相关系数达到了0.8...  相似文献   

NCEP再分析资料和浮标观测资料计算海气热通量的比较   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄艳松  宋金宝 《海洋科学》2011,35(12):113-120

对来自于美国国家环境预报中心公布的NCEP1、NCEP2 再分析资料和来自于定点布放在黄海北部的浮标观测资料进行了比较和分析。结果是： NCEP 再分析资料中的海表气象参数（风速、湿度、气温、海表温度）是可信的。在统计意义上, NCEP2 给出的海表气象参数比NCEP1 与浮标观测值更接近,而净辐射通量则是NCEP1 ...  相似文献   

Inertial waves in the ‘gulf of St Lawrence: A study of geostrophic adjustment     

C.L. Tang 《大气与海洋》2013,51(2):135-156

Abstract

It is shown that inertial oscillations of significant magnitude can be generated by geostrophic adjustment in a shallow sea. Evidence of them in current‐meter data from the Gulf of St Lawrence is presented. The geostrophically unbalanced state required for the adjustment process is identified in the data by the occurrence of high accelerations of the currents. The difference between the inertial oscillations generated by different mechanisms, the intermittence and the frequency shift of the inertial waves are discussed.  相似文献   

2018年盛夏副热带高压极端偏北的原因分析          下载免费PDF全文

王静文  孙即霖  宁方悦 《海洋气象学报》2021,41(2):14-23

2018年盛夏辽宁的阶段性高温与副热带高压(简称"副高")的极端偏北有关,利用1981—2018年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、ECMWF再分析资料和中国地面气候资料日值数据集(V3.0),主要以候的时间尺度,从大气环流异常的形成及其原因进行分析,解释了2018年盛夏副高极端偏北的原因及影响机制。结果表明:影响副高位置偏北的因素主要有三方面。一是来自欧洲上空的高压脊发展并东移,与副高断裂开的一支结合,使得副高北移;二是南半球冷空气活动,导致向北的越赤道气流加强,从而造成赤道辐合带(intertropical convergence zone,ITCZ)北移,进一步引起副高北移;三是由于青藏高原东部感热增强,其上升气流经由一候到两候的时间在辽宁和渤海地区下沉。三方面因素的共同影响造成了副高位置的极端偏北。  相似文献   

The seasonal variability of an air-sea heat flux in the northern South China Sea   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

ZHANG Yan  WANG Dongxiao  XIA Huayong  ZENG Lili 《海洋学报(英文版)》2012,31(5):79-86

The seasonal variabilities of a latent-heat flux (LHF), a sensible-heat flux (SHF) and net surface heat flux are examined in the northern South China Sea (NSCS), including their spatial characteristics, using the in situ data collected by ship from 2006 to 2007. The spatial distribution of LHF in the NSCS is mostly controlled by wind in summer and autumn owing to the lower vertical gradient of air humidity, but is influenced by both wind and near-surface air humidity vertical gradient in spring and winter. The largest area-averaged LHF is in autumn, with the value of 197.25 W/m 2 , followed by that in winter; the third and the forth are in summer and spring, respectively. The net heat flux is positive in spring and summer, so the NSCS absorbs heat; and the solar shortwave radiation plays the most important role in the surface heat budget. In autumn and winter, the net heat flux is negative in most of the observation region, so the NSCS loses heat; and the LHF plays the most important role in the surface heat budget. The net heating is mainly a result of the offsetting between heating due to the shortwave radiation and cooling due to the LHF and the upward (outgoing) long wave radiation, since the role of SHF is negligible. The ratio of the magnitudes of the three terms (shortwave radiation to LHF to long-wave radiation) averaged over the entire year is roughly 3:2:1, and the role of SHF is the smallest.  相似文献   

高风速相干结构对通量输送影响的实验研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郭云谦  袁仁民  罗涛  孙鉴泞  蒋维楣 《大气科学》2012,36(4):733-743

切变湍流的相干结构是湍流研究中的重大发现,它表明湍流运动并非完全随机,其中具有可检测的有序结构.本文通过处理南京浦口地区大气边界层观测数据,来分析不稳定层结中高风速相干结构特征.本次观测项目包括对场地中央的气象铁塔上2 m和40 m高度上超声风速仪的脉动速度、温度测量以及风廓线雷达对边界层风速廓线的测量.对超声水平风速时间序列数据进行小波变换 (时间尺度400 s),通过阈值来识别这种高风速相干结构.与多普勒风廓线雷达测量结果对比后发现,这种方法确定的相干结构符合常规的认识,具有较长的时间尺度和较大的垂直尺度 (接近边界层厚度).分析三天相干结构特性得到无量纲空间间隔约为6,即每隔6个边界层厚度的水平位置出现一个高速相干结构.通过与垂直风速小波系数的比较,发现高风速相干结构与向下垂直风速之间有较好相关,这与湍流中 “阵风” 现象的研究结论相似.使用四象限分析方法分类得到两种动量通量输送为负的运动:较小水平风速的上扬 (ejection) 运动 (简称为上扬运动) 和较大水平风速的下扫 (sweep) 运动 (简称为下扫运动),这两种运动在整个湍流活动中处于主导地位.高风速相干结构通过促进下扫运动和抑制上扬运动来影响动量通量的输送.  相似文献   

简单生物圈模式 (SiB₂) 中湍流能量通量对近地层两类阻抗系数的敏感性研究     

张晓惠  高志球  魏东平 《大气科学》2012,36(5):1053-1062

陆—气之间的能量交换是通过近地层湍流热量和水汽通量来实现的.以往的研究表明近地层阻抗对湍流能量通量有着不同程度的影响,但是关于陆面模式中阻抗系数的取值范围却始终没有统一的标准.为了深入了解简单生物圈模式 (SiB₂) 中近地层阻抗系数取值变化对湍流能量通量的影响,我们以那曲站为例,分别采用传统的逐个因子分析法和考虑参数间相互作用的部分因子分析法定量地研究了夏季该观测站近地层湍流能量通量分别对冠层阻抗系数C₁和地表阻抗系数C₂的敏感性响应.结果表明,感热通量对地表阻抗系数C₂更为敏感,而潜热通量则对冠层阻抗系数C₁较为敏感;感热通量随C₁增加而增大,随C₂增加而减小,而潜热通量则随C₁或C₂的增加而减小;不管是感热通量还是潜热通量,它们对阻抗系数的敏感度随阻抗系数的增大而减小,而对阻抗系数的相对敏感度则随阻抗系数的增大而增大.最后,结合那曲站夏季下垫面稀疏短草的分布特点分析了造成感热通量和潜热通量敏感变化各异的原因.  相似文献   

北亚洲大陆冬季地表感热通量对我国江淮梅雨的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈圣劼  李栋梁  何金海 《高原气象》2012,31(2):359-369

利用1979—2008年NCEPⅡ月平均地表感热通量再分析资料、江苏省气象台整编的江淮出入梅日期和全国753个测站逐日降水资料,分析了亚洲北部(60°～135°E,32°～75°N,简称北亚洲)大陆冬季地表感热通量对我国江淮梅雨的影响及其可能机制。结果表明,北亚洲大陆地表在冬季总体为感热冷源,对大气起到强冷却作用。通过定义WSH指数来表征北亚洲大陆冬季地表感热冷源的强度,该指数值越小,冷源越强;反之,冷源越弱。当冬季北亚洲大陆地表感热冷源偏强时,夏季梅雨锋北侧的冷空气强度大范围加强,东北冷涡增强,且冷空气向南输送增强;7月高空副热带西风急流位置偏南,南亚高压呈青藏高压型;江淮流域上升运动增强,且该流域上空高层变干、低层变湿,大气层结的不稳定度增加,对流活动增强,有利于梅雨降水,出梅偏晚。冬季地表感热冷源偏弱时,情况则相反。因此,冬季北亚洲大陆地表感热通量的异常对汛期江淮梅雨的预测具有一定的指示意义。  相似文献