若干生态因子对缢蛏稚贝生长和存活的影响     

许章程  韦信敏 《台湾海峡》1990,9(1):62-68

本文系在实验室条件下,研究用不同的饵料密度、稚贝密度、光照强度、底质以及这些因子相结合对缢蛏稚贝生长和存活的影响,从中找出缢蛏育苗的最佳培养条件,为人工或半人工育苗提供参考。  相似文献   

厦门岛东部和闽江口沿岸经济贝类中持久性有机氯农药和多氯联苯的残留水平   总被引：28，自引：0，他引：28  

陈伟琪  张珞平  王新红  洪丽玉  洪华生 《台湾海峡》2001,20(3):329-334

1995－1996年间，在厦门岛东部和闽江口沿岸养殖区的7个站点采集了贝类样品，样品先去壳匀浆，再经冷冻干燥，萃取浓缩和净化分离后，用GC法分析测定其六六六（HCHs)，滴滴涕（DDTs)和多氯联苯（PCBs）的含量，厦门岛东部HCHs，DDTs和PCBs的含量范围分别为0．18－345，75．2－2143，ND－234ng/g干重；闽江口分别为ND－5．07，21．5－2396，ND－6．78ng/g干重，结果表明，贝类样品的有机氯污染物含量因不同采样地点，不同生物种类及不同采样时间而异，但总体上高于沉积物，牡蛎对DDT的富集尤为显著，本文除了对调研区经济贝类的HCHs,DDTs和PCBs含量与组成分布进行分析评价，还就海区有机氯污染生物监测的可行性，经济贝类的食用卫生水平等问题作了探讨。  相似文献   

麻痹性贝毒毒素的应用研究进展     

王云峰  于仁诚  李钧  颜天  付萌  周名江 《海洋科学集刊》2003,(45):124-131

由于有害赤潮的发生日趋频繁，对养殖业、自然生态系统和人类健康的危害越来越大，造成的经济损失也逐渐增加，因而有害赤潮问题成为人们关注的焦点。藻毒素是有害赤潮致害的重要因子之一，而麻痹性贝毒(Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning，PSP)毒素又是藻毒素中分布最广、危害最大的一类毒素。随着科学家们对PSP毒素的来源(Steidinger，1993)、结构和作用方式(Penzotti et al.,1998)的深入研究，PSP毒素在赤潮研究、分子生物学和神经生物学基础研究、医药、军事防化等的应用也逐渐受到重视。本文作者针对这些问题进行了综合评述，以期为深入开展PSP毒素应用研究提供参考依据。  相似文献   

浙江沿岸贝类生物体中Hg、Cd、Pb、As含量的分析   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  

吕海燕  曾江宁  周青松  傅和芳  冯旭文  王正方 《海洋学研究》2001,19(3):25-30

运用冷原子荧光法、无火焰原子吸收分光光度法及分光光度法对 1 998年 5～ 6月所采集的浙江沿岸 1 4个测站 2 3个贝类生物样品中的重金属 Hg、 Cd、 Pb、 As含量进行了分析。结果表明 :贝类生物样品中重金属平均含量 :Hg为 0 .0 2 0× 1 0 - 6、Cd为 1 .5 4× 1 0 - 6、Pb为 0 .49× 1 0 - 6 、 As为 1 .73× 1 0 - 6 。贝类不同科间重金属含量存在明显差异 ,蚶科含 Cd量最高 ,帘蛤科含 As量最高。同时对不同海区的贝类生物体中重金属含量进行了比较  相似文献   

富集DHA、EPA的保健蛋和肉     

郑婵颖  郑海龙 《海洋学研究》2001,19(4):35-39

以添加质量浓度为 5 0 kg/m3 的粉末化鱼油的饲料及一般饲料喂养小鹌鹑。 2个月后 ,对所产的鹌鹑蛋和鹌鹑肉进行 EPA和 DHA测试。结果表明 :全蛋黄中的 EPA和 DHA平均值 ,喂添加鱼油饲料的鹌鹑蛋远高于喂一般饲料的鹌鹑蛋 ;喂 5 d添加鱼油饲料的鹌鹑蛋其 EPA和 DHA平均值可达 49.0 6 mg;且该值将随着喂添加鱼油饲料天数的增加而增大。喂 6 0 d添加鱼油饲料时 ,每只鹌鹑肉含 EPA和 DHA的平均值为喂 6 0 d一般饲料的 5 2倍。这种富含 DHA的蛋和肉没有鱼油的特殊腥味 ,特别适合孕妇、婴儿食用 ,也适合于中、老年人作为保健品食用  相似文献   

四种/株亚历山大藻(Alexandrium)毒性的比较研究          下载免费PDF全文

陈洋  颜天  谭志军  王丽平  周名江 《海洋与湖沼》2007,38(1):55-61

通过对塔玛亚历山大藻(ATHK和AT-6藻株)、链状亚历山大藻(ACDH藻株)和微小亚历山大藻(AM-1藻株)的PSP毒素含量和组成以及它们分别对轮虫、黑褐新糠虾和鲈鱼存活影响的比较研究发现:塔玛亚历山大藻AT-6藻株不产生麻痹性贝毒毒素PSP,而塔玛亚历山大藻ATHK、链状亚历山大藻ACDH和微小亚历山大藻AM-1均产生PSP毒素,其总含量分别为19.74、5.395、5.57fmol/cell(2.60、0.36、1.61pgSTXeq/cell)。塔玛亚历山大藻AT-6对轮虫、黑褐新糠虾和鲈鱼这三种生物均没有不利影响;对于轮虫,塔玛亚历山大藻ATHK和链状亚历山大藻ACDH的96hLC50分别为:200和1200cells/ml,而微小亚历山大藻AM-1无不利影响;对于糠虾,塔玛亚历山大藻ATHK、链状亚历山大藻ACDH和微小亚历山大藻AM-1的96hLC50分别为7000、11000、16000cells/ml;对于鲈鱼,这三株藻的96hLC50分别为3700、4000、20000cells/ml。四株亚历山大藻对三种生物的毒性大小与其PSP毒素含量和组成无直接的相关关系,其毒性作用可能来自其他未知毒性物质。塔玛亚历山大藻ATHK不同组分分别对三种生物的毒性比较研究表明:藻细胞重悬液和藻液对三种生物的不利影响最为显著,去藻过滤液和细胞碎片对轮虫和鲈鱼没有明显影响,但糠虾的存活率有所下降;细胞内容物对轮虫和糠虾也无影响,但对鲈鱼的存活有一定影响。以上研究表明:不同亚历山大藻的毒性大小存在差别,其对不同生物的危害机制也不相同,除PSP毒素外,亚历山大藻可能还存在其他的毒性物质。  相似文献   

广东沿海麻痹性贝类毒素的研究   总被引：31，自引：4，他引：31  

林燕棠  杨美兰  陈瑞雯  胡石金  金桂英 《海洋与湖沼》1994,25(2):220-225

于１９９０－１９９２年间在广东沿海采集２４种贝类，用麻痹性贝类毒素小白鼠生物测定法对所采样品进行毒素分析研究。结果表明，所检测的大部分生物体均不同程度的积累了麻痹性毒素；大亚湾和大鹏湾２种贝体存在着１２或１３种麻痹性毒素的成分；贝体中麻痹性毒素存在着一定的季节差异。还对贝体中的毒素和有毒藻类的出现进行了简单的讨论。  相似文献   

Fishery resources in arid zone mangroves in gulf of Kachchh, Gujarat, northwest coast of India     

A. Saravanakumar  M. Rajkumar  J. Sesh Serebiah  G. A. Thivakaran 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2009,8(3):233-240

The finfish and shellfish resources were assessed quantitatively and qualitatively in regard to their abundance in creek waters at three sites within a period of two years, from January 1999 to December 2000, in the western mangrove areas of Kachchh. The catch rate varied from 0.69 to 6.99 kg h⁻¹. It was low during monsoon (July to October), which could be due to the freshwater-flow-induced salinity reduction in all the sites. Among 38 species recorded, 5 were shellfish and 33 were finfish. The spawning period of fishes was found to be during summer and early monsoon period (May to August). Surface water temperatures varied from 17 °C to 37 °C. Salinity values varied from 34 to 44 and the pH ranged between 7 and 8.9. Variation in dissolved oxygen content was from 3.42 to 5.85 mL L⁻¹. The high fishery densities in these semi arid mangrove creek areas were recorded during monsoon and early winter season.  相似文献   

宁波贝类养殖滩涂沉积物中化学物质的分析研究     

曹根庭  王国良  薛超波 《海洋湖沼通报》2008,(3)

对宁波市沿海主要滩涂贝类养殖环境中的有机物、硫化物、总磷(TOP)、总氮(TON)、重金属(Cd、Cr、Pb、Hg、Cu、As)等的污染情况进行了分析与评价.研究结果表明:宁波市滩涂贝类养殖环境尽管受到了一定的污染,但总体状况良好,基本符合滩涂贝类养殖的使用要求.除了枯水期三北滩涂中有机物的含量略微超标,丰水期Cu的含量超标现象较为严重外,其它化学物质的含量均低于评价标准.数据分析表明,沉积物中各化学物质的含量与底质类型之间有着密切的联系,除了作为营养因子的总磷和总氮外,其它化学要素的含量均随着沉积物粒度的减小而增大.此外,沉积物环境中许多化学物质之间也存在着一定的相关性.  相似文献   

Comparative study on in vitro transformation of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins in different shellfish tissues     

TIAN Hu  GAO Chunlei  WANG Zongling  SUN Ping  FAN Shiliang  ZHU Mingyuan 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(1):120-126

Dissected tissues of three shellfish species,the Chinese scallop,Chlamys farreri,Manila clam,Ruditapes philippinarum,and Razor shell,Solen strictu were evaluated for in vitro transformation of paralytic shellfish poisoning(PSP) toxins. Tissue homogenates were incubated with extraction from toxic algae Alexandrium minutum to determine toxin conversion. The effects of heating and addition of a natural reductant(glutathione) on toxin conversion were also assessed. The toxin profile was investigated through high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection(HPLC-FLD) . The evident variations in the toxin content were observed only in Chinese scallop viscera homogenates. The concentration of GTX4 was reduced by 45%(approximately 0.8 μmol/dm 3 ) and 25%(approximately 1 μmol/dm 3 ) for GTX1,while GTX2 and GTX3 increased by six times(approximately 1 μmol/dm 3 ) and 3 times(approximately 0.3 μmol/dm 3 ) respectively. Simultaneously,the total toxicity decreased by 38% during the 48 h incubation period,the final toxicity was 20.4 nmol STXeq/g. Furthermore,heated Chinese scallop viscera homogenates samples were compared with non-heated samples. The concentration of the GTX4 and GTX1 was clearly 28%(approximately 0.53 μmol/dm 3 ) and 17%(approximately 0.69 μmol/dm 3 ) higher in heated samples,GTX2 and GTX3 were four times(0.66 μmol/dm 3 ) and two times(0.187 μmol/dm 3 ) lower respectively. GSH(+) Chinese scallop viscera homogenates samples were compared with GSH(-) samples,the concentration in the GTX4 and GTX1 was 9%(approximately 0.12 μmol/dm 3 ) and 11%(approximately 0.36 μmol/dm 3 ) lower respectively,GTX2 and GTX3 was 17%(approximately 0.14 μmol/dm 3 ) and 19%(approximately 0.006 μmol/dm 3 ) higher respectively. In contrast,there was a little change in the concentration of PSP toxins of Manila clam and Razor shell tissue homogenates. These observations on three shellfish tissues confirmed that there were species-specific differences in PSP toxins transformation. PSP toxins transformation was more pronounced in viscera tissue than in muscle tissue. PSP toxins was possibly interfered by some carbamoylase enzyme,and the activity in Chinese scallop viscera tissue is more remarkable than in the other two species.  相似文献