Aerosol Optical Properties and Radiative Impacts in the Pearl River Delta Region of China during the Dry Season     

Boru MAI  Xuejiao DENG  Zhanqing LI  Jianjun LIU  Xiang'ao XIA  Huizheng CHE  Xia LIU  Fei LI  Yu ZOU  Maureen CRIBB 《大气科学进展》2018,35(2):195-208

Aerosol optical properties and direct radiative effects on surface irradiance were examined using seven years(2006–2012)of Cimel sunphotometer data collected at Panyu—the main atmospheric composition monitoring station in the Pearl River Delta(PRD) region of China. During the dry season(October to February), mean values of the aerosol optical depth(AOD)at 550 nm, the ?ngstr?m exponent, and the single scattering albedo at 440 nm(SSA) were 0.54, 1.33 and 0.87, respectively.About 90% of aerosols were dominated by fine-mode strongly absorbing particles. The size distribution was bimodal, with fine-mode particles dominating. The fine mode showed a peak at a radius of 0.12 μm in February and October(~0.10μm~3μm~(-2)). The mean diurnal shortwave direct radiative forcing at the surface, inside the atmosphere(FATM), and at the top of the atmosphere, was-33.4 ± 7.0, 26.1 ± 5.6 and-7.3 ± 2.7 W m~(-2), respectively. The corresponding mean values of aerosol direct shortwave radiative forcing per AOD were-60.0 ± 7.8, 47.3 ± 8.3 and-12.8 ± 3.1 W m~(-2), respectively. Moreover,during the study period, FATMshowed a significant decreasing trend(p 0.01) and SSA increased from 0.87 in 2006 to 0.91 in 2012, suggesting a decreasing trend of absorbing particles being released into the atmosphere. Optical properties and radiative impacts of the absorbing particles can be used to improve the accuracy of inversion algorithms for satellite-based aerosol retrievals in the PRD region and to better constrain the climate effect of aerosols in climate models.  相似文献   

2013年华南前汛期持续性强降水的大尺度环流与低频信号特征   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

胡娅敏  翟盘茂  罗晓玲  吕俊梅  覃志年  郝全成 《气象学报》2014,72(3):465-477

自2013年3月下旬开始,华南地区遭遇持续性强降水袭击。采用小波分析、交叉小波变换和小波相干、集合经验模态分解(EEMD)、带通滤波等统计方法,分析2013年华南前汛期持续性强降水过程的大尺度大气环流和低频特征,寻找影响持续性强降水可能的前期信号。揭示出:(1)2013年华南前汛期持续性强降水主要分为两个时段:3月26日—4月11日(第1阶段)和4月23日—5月30日(第2阶段)。前者华南雨带呈现西北一东南分布,由北向南降水量逐渐增大,后者降水强度较前者强,雨带主要集中在华南北部和东南沿海地区。(2)第1阶段华南降水主要受北方冷空气的持续影响,第2阶段主要受西太平洋副热带高压和南海季风的影响。两个阶段的环流特征明显不同:第1阶段在对流层中层主要对应西高东低的经向环流,东亚大槽深厚、东北冷涡长时间盘踞,北方冷空气与来自西太平洋副热带高压西北侧的暖湿气流交汇在华南,此时以冷式锋面降水为主;第2阶段500 hPa高度场为两脊一槽的分布型。热带对流活跃,其上空表现一异常的气旋环流,具有季风降水的性质。(3)第1(2)阶段降水呈现出20—50(8—15)d的振荡特征,可能是北方冷空气活动频繁(西太平洋副热带高压加强和南海季风爆发)的影响,交叉小波功率谱分析得到,东北冷涡(南海北部水汽输送的纬向分量)可能提前1(1/2)个周期,对华南降水具有一定的指示。  相似文献   

中国东部降水的气候模态及雨季划分   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

于群  吴炜  周发琇  王启 《大气科学学报》2014,37(3):378-384

应用中国东部地面观测气候平均候降水量数据和谐波分析方法,研究了华南、长江中下游、淮河流域、华北四个区域降水的年变化特征,特别是夏季风降水的阶段性和区域特征,并对构成降水年变化的气候分量进行分析,将各区降水年变化分解为年循环模态、季节模态、季节内振荡和月内振荡四个气候模态。结果表明:不同模态间的相互调制对降水的阶段性和区域性具有重要影响,年循环是影响雨季的主要模态,季节和季节内振荡模态对决定主汛期起重要作用。基于气候模态划分中国东部雨季和主汛期,方法简单,结果客观合理。  相似文献   

THE IMPACT OF DIFFERENT PHYSICAL PROCESSES AND THEIR PARAMETERIZATIONS ON FORECAST OF A HEAVY RAINFALL IN SOUTH CHINA IN ANNUALLY FIRST RAINING SEASON     

张旭斌  万齐林  薛纪善  丁伟钰  李昊睿 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2015,21(2):194-210

An ensemble prediction system based on the GRAPES model, using multi-physics, is used to discuss the influence of different physical processes in numerical models on forecast of heavy rainfall in South China in the annually first raining season(AFRS). Pattern, magnitude and area of precipitation, evolution of synoptic situation, as well as apparent heat source and apparent moisture sink between different ensemble members are comparatively analyzed. The choice of parameterization scheme for land-surface processes gives rise to the largest influence on the precipitation prediction. The influences of cumulus-convection and cloud-microphysics processes are mainly focused on heavy rainfall;the use of cumulus-convection parameterization tends to produce large-area and light rainfall. Change in parameterization schemes for land-surface and cumulus-convection processes both will cause prominent change in forecast of both dynamic and thermodynamic variables, while change in cloud-microphysics processes show primary impact on dynamic variables. Comparing simplified Arakawa-Schubert and Kain-Fritsch with Betts-Miller-Janjic schemes, SLAB with NOAH schemes, as well as both WRF single moment 6-class and NCEP 3-class with simplified explicit schemes of phase-mixed cloud and precipitation shows that the former predicts stronger low-level jets and high humidity concentration, more convective rainfall and local heavy rainfall, and have better performance in precipitation forecast. Appropriate parameterization schemes can reasonably describe the physical process related to heavy rainfall in South China in the AFRS, such as low-level convergence, latent heat release, vertical transport of heat and water vapor, thereby depicting the multi-scale interactions of low-level jet and meso-scale convective systems in heavy rainfall suitably, and improving the prediction of heavy rainfall in South China in the AFRS as a result.  相似文献   

西安市霾天气与清洁天气变化特征及影响因素分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张文静  王琦  胡琳  吴素良  田亮 《气象与环境学报》2015,31(2):31-36

利用2006-2012年西安市污染物质量浓度、气象站逐时地面风场、相对湿度和能见度等资料,依据霾天气的定义统计理论霾日数,对比人工观测霾日与判据统计理论霾日的合理性,通过对霾天气与清洁天气过程的气象条件分析,分析西安市霾天气与清洁天气过程的变化特征及影响因素。结果表明：2006-2012年西安市霾天气过程在干季发生频率较高,湿季发生较少。地面风场对霾天气过程影响较大,绝大部分霾天气过程的日平均风速＜1.5 m·s^-1;干季大部分霾天气过程日平均风速≤1.0 m·s^-1,极端个例甚至在0.5 m·s^-1以下。清洁天气过程在干季发生次数多于湿季,主要与干季风速较大和湿度较小相关。  相似文献   

1961-2012年山东汛期暴雨气候特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李瑞  孟令旺  朱义青  王建林 《气象与环境学报》2015,31(2):51-58

利用1961-2012年山东省35个气象站汛期逐日降水资料,采用常规统计法分析了山东省汛期暴雨日数和暴雨强度的时空变化特征,运用均生函数建立山东省汛期暴雨日数和暴雨强度的预测模型,并进行试报和预报检验。结果表明：1961-2012年山东省汛期暴雨日数和暴雨强度均呈减小趋势,但减小趋势不明显,未通过0.05信度的显著性检验。1961-2012年山东省汛期平均暴雨日数为2.2 d,存在3.4 a与准8.0 a周期振荡|暴雨平均强度为67.8 mm·d^-1,有2.3 a、3.3 a、6.9 a与准12.0 a的变化周期。1961-2012年山东省汛期暴雨日数和暴雨强度未出现气候突变|山东省暴雨日数和暴雨强度自20世纪70年代中末期至80年代末期出现年代际减小的变化。山东省汛期多年暴雨平均日数和暴雨强度呈自西北向东南逐渐增加的分布趋势。鲁南、山东半岛南部和东部地区是山东省汛期暴雨（连续性暴雨）的多发地带及暴雨强度大值区域。对2003-2012年山东汛期暴雨预测表明,均生函数预测模型可较好拟合山东省汛期暴雨日数和暴雨强度的变化趋势,对山东汛期暴雨有较好的预测能力。  相似文献   

华南前汛期持续暴雨环流分型初步研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

张端禹  郑彬  汪小康  崔春光  赵玉春 《大气科学学报》2015,38(3):310-320

采用1961—2010年NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料和台站观测降水量资料,按一定标准选取了华南前汛期24个持续暴雨过程;并且按基本判据确定逐年华南夏季风降水开始日期。然后依据南亚高压环流型和相对于该年夏季风降水开始的早晚,将这些暴雨过程划分为夏季风降水前、后南亚高压东部型,夏季风降水后南亚高压带状、西部型共4个类型;其中,夏季风后南亚高压西部型次数最多、平均持续时间最长。所有类型持续暴雨的相同点是:广东东北部附近均为暴雨频率和雨量高值区;暴雨期间华南150 h Pa位势高度增加、500 h Pa位势高度减少;华南处在150 h Pa偏西风急流南侧辐散区中;850 h Pa华南沿海有明显的西南气流,低层辐合在华南东北部最明显;两广沿海为可降水量大值区;华南的整层水汽输送主要呈现西南向。不同点是:夏季风后南亚高压西部型平均雨量较小,夏季风后南亚高压带状型与西部型在印度洋上存在明显的偏东风高空急流;夏季风后南亚高压类型在两广沿海的可降水量数值较大。  相似文献   

太平洋海温场不同时间尺度背景下华南前汛期持续性暴雨的统计特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王彦明  高建芸  池艳珍  唐振飞  陈思 《大气科学学报》2015,38(1):126-131

利用1961—2012年华南逐日降水资料,分析了太平洋海温场两种不同时间尺度背景下华南前汛期持续性暴雨的统计特征,并探讨了海洋外强迫信号可能对华南前汛期降水的低频变化周期造成的影响,以期为华南前汛期持续性暴雨过程的延伸期预报提供依据。结果表明:PDO(Pacific Decadal Oscillation,太平洋年代际振荡)冷位相年,华南前汛期发生典型持续性暴雨过程的概率比PDO暖位相年大,且暴雨强度偏强,持续时间偏长;太平洋海温场两种不同时间尺度背景下,华南典型持续性暴雨过程呈现不同的特征,PDO冷位相配合冬春Nino区海温异常,华南前汛期易出现强度较强、持续时间较长的典型持续性暴雨过程;太平洋海温两种不同时间尺度的外强迫信号可能影响华南前汛期降水的低频变化周期,进而影响华南前汛期持续性暴雨的持续时间和强度。  相似文献   

Precipitation changes in wet and dry seasons over the 20th century simulated by two versions of the FGOALS model     

MA Shuangmei  ZHOU Tianjun 《大气科学进展》2015,32(6):839-854

Seasonal precipitation changes over the globe during the 20 th century simulated by two versions of the Flexible Global Ocean–Atmosphere–Land System(FGOALS) model are assessed. The two model versions differ in terms of their AGCM component, but the remaining parts of the system are almost identical. Both models reasonably reproduce the mean-state features of the timings of the wet and dry seasons and related precipitation amounts, with pattern correlation coefficients of 0.65–0.84 with observations. Globally averaged seasonal precipitation changes are analyzed. The results show that wet seasons get wetter and the annual range(precipitation difference between wet and dry seasons) increases during the 20 th century in the two models, with positive trends covering most parts of the globe, which is consistent with observations. However,both models show a moistening dry season, which is opposite to observations. Analysis of the globally averaged moisture budget in the historical climate simulations of the two models shows little change in the horizontal moisture advection in both the wet and dry seasons. The globally averaged seasonal precipitation changes are mainly dominated by the changes in evaporation and vertical moisture advection. Evaporation and vertical moisture advection combine to make wet seasons wetter and enhance the annual range. In the dry season, the opposite change of evaporation and vertical moisture advection leads to an insignificant change in precipitation. Vertical moisture advection is the most important term that determines the changes in precipitation, wherein the thermodynamic component is dominant and the dynamic component tends to offset the effect of the thermodynamic component.  相似文献   

华南前汛期开始日期异常与大气环流和海温变化的关系   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

伍红雨  杨崧  蒋兴文 《气象学报》2015,73(2):319-330

利用1961—2012年美国国家环境预报中心/大气研究中心(NCEP/NCAR)的再分析资料、NOAA海温资料,CMAP降水资料和华南261个测站降水观测资料,首先分析华南前汛期开始日期(以下简称华南开汛)异常的气候特征,然后采用相关分析、合成分析的方法研究华南开汛异常与3—4月大气环流以及海温变化的关系。结果表明,近52 a来华南开汛具有显著的年际变化特征,但变化趋势不明显。开汛最早出现在1983年3月1日,最晚出现在1963年6月1日,1961—2012年华南平均开汛日期是4月6日。华南开汛主要出现在3—4月,占92.3%。华南开汛与3—4月华南降水相关最显著,开汛偏早(晚),对应华南3—4月降水偏多(少)。华南开汛偏早年,在3—4月,对流层高层副热带西风急流偏强,中层西太平洋副热带高压偏强偏西、低层南支槽偏强,华南上空西南气流偏强;华南开汛偏晚年则相反。华南开汛与3—4月中国南海及周边地区海温显著相关,海温偏低(高)对应华南开汛偏晚(早)。华南开汛偏晚年的海温和大气环流异常比早年显著。  相似文献