Stochastic model for simulation of near‐fault ground motions          下载免费PDF全文

Mayssa Dabaghi  Armen Der Kiureghian 《地震工程与结构动力学》2017,46(6):963-984

A parameterized stochastic model of near‐fault ground motion in two orthogonal horizontal directions is developed. The major characteristics of recorded near‐fault ground motions are represented. These include near‐fault effects of directivity and fling step; temporal and spectral non‐stationarity; intensity, duration, and frequency content characteristics; directionality of components; and the natural variability of ground motions. Not all near‐fault ground motions contain a forward directivity pulse, even when the conditions for such a pulse are favorable. The proposed model accounts for both pulse‐like and non‐pulse‐like cases. The model is fitted to recorded near‐fault ground motions by matching important characteristics, thus generating an ‘observed’ set of model parameters for different earthquake source and site characteristics. A method to generate and post‐process synthetic motions for specified model parameters is also presented. Synthetic ground motion time series are generated using fitted parameter values. They are compared with corresponding recorded motions to validate the proposed model and simulation procedure. The use of synthetic motions in addition to or in place of recorded motions is desirable in performance‐based earthquake engineering applications, particularly when recorded motions are scarce or when they are unavailable for a specified design scenario. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

山东金伯利岩的壳幔混染、部分熔融、Re-Os 同位素年龄及冰盖冰川搬运、人造金刚石干扰等领域研究最新进展          下载免费PDF全文

王照波  王庆军  朱成河  丁志豪 《山东国土资源》2023,39(4):12-21

根据山东蒙阴各类金伯利岩及其相关幔源捕掳体的化学成分,研究了金伯利岩壳源混染程度与岩石类型之间的关系。发现橄榄岩—碎裂状橄榄岩—粗斑金伯利岩—细粒金伯利岩之间,其壳源混染程度逐渐增高。粗斑金伯利岩的壳源混染程度接近碎裂状橄榄岩,表明粗斑金伯利岩是碎裂状橄榄岩的进一步碎裂的产物;金伯利岩经历了地幔橄榄岩的部分熔融形成碎裂状橄榄岩、斑状金伯利岩。根据金伯利岩中大理岩包体、黄铁矿的Re-Os同位素研究,获得了蒙阴金伯利岩的侵位时间分别为227.97Ma和245.80Ma,属于三叠纪,与苏鲁-大别造山带的形成时间一致,由此分析蒙阴金伯利岩的侵位与扬子板块和华北板块的碰撞有关,也似乎暗示了华北克拉通破坏的初始阶段。华北冰盖冰川对于金刚石的搬运方式、搬运路径与流水搬运之间存在巨大差异,需要对金刚石的供源与分散进行重新认识。地表大量分布的人造金刚石对金刚石的找矿工作已经造成干扰与误导,需要引起重视。  相似文献   

Satellite remote sensing of river inundation area,stage, and discharge: a review     

LAURENCE C. SMITH 《水文研究》1997,11(10):1427-1439

The growing availability of multi-temporal satellite data has increased opportunities for monitoring large rivers from space. A variety of passive and active sensors operating in the visible and microwave range are currently operating, or planned, which can estimate inundation area and delineate flood boundaries. Radar altimeters show great promise for directly measuring stage variation in large rivers. It also appears to be possible to obtain estimates of river discharge from space, using ground measurements and satellite data to construct empirical curves that relate water surface area to discharge. Extrapolation of these curves to ungauged sites may be possible for the special case of braided rivers. Where clouds, trees and floating vegetation do not obscure the water surface, high-resolution visible/infrared sensors provide good delineation of inundated areas. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors can penetrate clouds and can also detect standing water through emergent aquatic plants and forest canopies. However, multiple frequencies and polarizations are required for optimal discrimination of various inundated vegetation cover types. Existing single-polarization, fixed-frequency SARs are not sufficient for mapping inundation area in all riverine environments. In the absence of a space-borne multi-parameter SAR, a synergistic approach using single-frequency, fixed-polarization SAR and visible/infrared data will provide the best results over densely vegetated river floodplains. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

高分3号星载合成孔径雷达极地海冰自动检测方法研究   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

郑敏薇  李晓明  任永政 《海洋学报》2018,40(9):113-124

随着全球变暖等一系列气候变化的发生,极地海冰成为人们日益关注的焦点。由于不受光线和云雨影响,合成孔径雷达（SAR）可以进行全天时全天候的观测。高分3号是我国高分系列卫星中的一颗星载合成孔径雷达成像卫星,具有多种成像模式,可以在全球获取SAR数据。全天时全天候的工作特性和高空间分辨率的优势,使得高分3号星载SAR在极地海冰遥感监测中发挥重要的作用。本文基于高分3号水平-垂直（Horizontal-Vertical,HV）极化数据,提出了一种基于支持向量机的无需人工干预的海冰检测方法,实现海水和海冰的自动分离。利用该方法得到的海冰和海水分离结果同辅以人工解译的半监督分类结果相比较为吻合,为高分3号服务于极区海冰监测奠定了良好的基础。  相似文献   

Experimental Investigation of the Resistance Performance and Heave and Pitch Motions of Ice-Going Container Ship Under Pack Ice Conditions     

GUO Chun-yu  XIE Chang  ZHANG Jin-zhao  WANG Shuai  ZHAO Da-gang 《海洋工程》2018,32(2):169-178

In order to analyze the ice-going ship’s performance under the pack ice conditions, synthetic ice was introduced into a towing tank. A barrier using floating cylinder in the towing tank was designed to carry out the resistance experiment. The test results indicated that the encountering frequency between the ship model and the pack ice shifts towards a high-velocity point as the concentration of the pack ice increases, and this encountering frequency creates an unstable region of the resistance, and the unstable region shifts to the higher speed with the increasing concentration. The results also showed that for the same speed points, the ratio of the pack ice resistance to the open water resistance increases with the increasing concentration, and for the same concentrations, this ratio decreases as the speed increases. Motion characteristics showed that the mean value of the heave motion increases as the speed increases, and the pitch motion tends to increase with the increasing speed. In addition, the total resistance of the full-scale was predicted.  相似文献   

新型FMCW地基SAR和三维激光扫描仪在大坝变形监测中的应用     

刘龙龙  张继贤  王世杰  赵争 《测绘通报》2019,(3):76-80

为解决传统大坝变形监测方法仅能获取点形变信息,且监测成本高、受环境影响大等问题,提出了结合快速地基合成孔径雷达(Fast-GBSAR)获取的高精度二维形变图和三维激光扫描仪生成的DEM,解决了雷达数据可视化程度低的问题。利用该技术对国内某大坝进行了健康监测并对形变原因进行了深入分析,库区潮汐对大坝水平形变产生周期性的影响。试验表明,Fast-GBSAR可以获取高精度的大坝形变信息,结合三维可视化技术,建立直观、高效与高精度的三维监测方式,为大坝的变形监测提供了可靠保障。  相似文献   

双频共面合成孔径雷达海面风场反演     

艾未华  陈冠宇  戈书睿  袁凌峰  赵现斌 《遥感学报》2019,23(3):408-417

根据L/C双频共面SAR能够获取同一海域双波段电磁波后向散射系数,得到更多海洋目标特征信息的电磁散射特点,结合地球物理模型函数研究了一种新的SAR海面风场反演方法。利用L/C双频共面SAR的L和C两个波段的地球物理模型函数和后向散射系数等信息,通过地球物理模型函数联立以及构建和求解最小代价函数,直接从SAR数据本身获取海面风场信息,并借助辅助数据去除了风向的180°模糊,从而实现海面风场反演。仿真分析和海上机载同步飞行试验的研究结果表明,该方法可直接利用SAR数据本身获取精度较高的海面风速、风向;绝对辐射定标精度是决定海面风场反演精度的关键因素,海面风场反演误差随定标精度提高而减小;随着海面风速的增大,风速反演误差逐渐增大。论文提出的双频共面SAR海面风场反演方法解决了传统单波段单极化SAR海面风场反演存在的固有问题,机载同步飞行试验的海面风速和风向反演结果与调查船观测值的均方根误差分别为0.93 m/s和19.39°,可为星载SAR海面风场反演业务化和载荷研制提供支持。  相似文献   

基于TerraSAR-X卫星数据的内孤立波参数和海表流速信息提取的探索研究     

曾智  李晓明  任永政  陈学恩 《海洋学报》2020,42(1):90-101

本文利用TerraSAR-X(TSX)卫星于2010年4月22日在南海东沙岛附近海域获取的数据进行海洋内孤立波动力要素和海表流速信息的提取研究。基于TSX数据的后向散射强度信息,利用经验模态分解法得到内孤立波半波宽度,再利用两层模型法和参数化法计算得到内孤立波振幅和相速度。反演结果显示,利用参数化方法得到的振幅(约21~39 m)和两层模型法得到的相速度(约1.07 m/s)与历史实测资料较为一致。进而利用TSX的顺轨干涉数据获取研究海域内的多普勒速度,再分别采用M4S模型法和直接分离法处理,进而提取海表流速。结果显示,两种方法得到的海表流速的全场平均值较为一致,均为1.10 m/s左右。M4S模型法对流速最大值的改变量较大而直接分离法对流速最小值的改变量较大。M4S模型对内孤立波波峰线区域海表流速的修正大于无内孤立波的海域。最后,基于KdV方程计算得到内孤立波引起的表面流的流速约为0.28 m/s,对反演出的海表流速贡献占比23%。  相似文献   

北极中央区经向水汽输送的主要通道     

徐道欢  杜凌  马靖凯  史荒原 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,42(5):55-64

Atmospheric moisture transport plays an important role in latent heat release and hydrologic interactions in the Arctic. In recent years, with the rapid decline in sea ice, this transport has changed. Here, we calculated the vertically integrated atmospheric moisture meridional transport(AMTv) from two global reanalysis datasets, from1979–2015, and found moisture pathways into the central Arctic. Four stable pathways showed an occurrence frequency greater than 70%, and these pathways exhibited a perennial seasonal pattern in the atmosphere above the Laptev Sea Pathway(LSP), Canadian Arctic Archipelago Pathway(CAAP), both sides of the Greenland plateau. Another seasonal pathway appeared above the east of the Chukchi Sea(CSP) during the melting/freezing months(March to September). Through these pathways, AMTv contributed a total moisture exchange of60%–80%—averaged over a 75°N circle—and focused on the low troposphere. Transports across the LSP, CSP and CAAP pathways likely create an enclosed moisture route. Meridional moisture fluxes are intensified in the Pacific sector of Arctic(PSA), especially during melting/freezing months. AMTv interannual variabilities are illustrated mainly in the Laptev Sea and the east Greenland pathway. Results indicate that accompanying a tendency for a stronger Beaufort Sea High in this sea level pressure field, AMTv through PSA pathways, switched from output to input, and approximately 960 km~3 of equivalent liquid water was transferred into the central Arctic during each decade. The detrended AMTv increment is highly correlated with the rapid decline of old ice areas(correlation coefficient is –0.78) for their synchronous fluctuations in the 1980 s and the last decade.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Wind Retrieval from Co-Polarization Gaofen-3 SAR Imagery Around China Seas   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

SHAO Weizeng  ZHU Shuai  SUN Jian  YUAN Xinzhe  SHENG Yexin  ZHANG Qingjun  JI Qiyan 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2019,(1):80-92

Gaofen-3(GF-3) is the first Chinese space-borne satellite to carry the C-band multi-polarization synthetic aperture radar(SAR). Marine applications, i.e., winds and waves retrieved from GF-3 SAR images, have been operational since January 2017. In this study, we have collected more than 1000 quad-polarization(vertical-vertical(VV); horizontal-horizontal(HH); vertical-horizontal(VH); horizontal-vertical(HV)) GF-3 SAR images, which were acquired around the China Seas from September 2016 to September 2017. Wind streaks were visible in these images in co-polarization(VV and HH) channel. Geophysical model functions(GMFs), including the CMOD5N together with polarization ratio(PR) model and C-SARMOD, were used to retrieve winds from the collected co-polarization GF-3 SAR images. Wind directions were directly obtained from GF-3 SAR images. Then, the SAR-derived wind speeds were compared with the measurements at a 0.25? grid from the Advanced Scatterometer on board the Metop-A/B and microwave radiometer WindSAT. Based on the analysis, empirical corrections are proposed to improve the performance of the two GMFs. Results of this study show that the standard deviation of wind speed is 1.63 m s^-1 with a 0.19 m s^-1 bias and 1.71 m s^-1 with a 0.26 m s^-1 bias for VV-and HH-polarization GF-3 SAR, respectively. Our work not only systematically evaluates wind retrieval by using the two advanced GMFs and PR models but also proposes empirical corrections to improve the accuracy of wind retrievals from GF-3 SAR images around the China Seas and thus enhance the accuracy of near real-time operational SAR-derived wind products.  相似文献