藻类对重金属的耐性与解毒机理   总被引：23，自引：1，他引：22  

周文彬  邱保胜 《湖泊科学》2004,16(3):265-272

重金属是一类具有潜在危害的重要污染物,越来越多的重金属被排入水体,对水生生态环境构成严重威胁.藻类在长期响应重金属胁迫过程中,建立起一系列的适应机制.藻类通过控制重金属的吸收、富集、转运与解毒,使不同细胞组分中的重金属维持在正常浓度范围内.这些保护机制主要包括藻细胞的某些胞外组分与重金属结合,从而减少重金属进入胞内;在重金属诱导下藻细胞可合成金属结合蛋白或多肽;重金属诱导藻细胞合成一些代谢物使其免受伤害或修复由重金属胁迫造成的损伤;藻细胞通过液泡区室化作用使重金属远离代谢;藻细胞对重金属具有排斥与排出作用.  相似文献   

Temperature and light tolerance of representative brown, green and red algae in tumble culture revealed by chlorophyll fluorescence measurements   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

PANG Shaojun  SHAN Tifeng 《海洋学报(英文版)》2008,27(4):137-146

Laminaria japonica, Undaria pinnatifida, Ulva lactuca, Grateloupia turuturu and Palmaria palmata are suitable species that fit the requirements of a seaweed-animal integrated aquaculture system in terms of their viable biomass, rapid growth and promising nutrient uptake rates. In this investigation, the responses of the optimal chlorophyll fluorescence yield of the five algal species in tumble culture were assessed at a temperature range of 10 - 30℃. The results revealed that Ulva lactuca was the most resistant species to high temperature, withstanding 30℃ for 4 h without apparent decline in the optimal chlorophyll fluorescence yield . While the arctic alga Palmaria palmata was the most vulnerable one, showing significant decline in the optimal chlorophyll fluorescence yield at 25℃ for 2 h. The cold-water species Laminaria japonica, however, demonstrated strong ability to cope with higher temperature （24 -26℃ ） for shorter time （within 24 h） without significant decline in the optimal chlorophyll fluorescence yield . Grateloupia turuturu showed a general decrease in the optimal chlorophyll fluorescence yield with the rising temperature from 23 to 30℃ , similar to the temperate kelp Undaria pinnatifida. Changes of chlorophyll fluorescence yields of these algae were characterized differently indicating the existence of species-unique strategy to cope with high light. Measurements of the optimal chlorophyll fluorescence yield after short exposure to direct solar irradiance revealed how long these exposures could be without significant photoinhibition or with promising recovery in photosynthetic activities. Seasonal pattern of alternation of algal species in tank culture in the Northern Hemisphere at the latitude of 36°N was proposed according to these basic measurements.  相似文献   

香蕉叶片组织细胞结构特性与耐寒性的关系     

吕庆芳  丰锋  张秀枝 《广东海洋大学学报》2000,20(2):48-51

对广东目前推广的 4个香蕉良种以及粉蕉和大蕉进行切片显微观察 ,并结合低温处理的电导率测定 ,结果表明 ,香蕉叶片组织细胞结构紧密度 (CTR值 )与品种的耐寒性密切相关 ,且具有相对的稳定性 ,可作为香蕉耐寒性的鉴定指标。供试品种耐寒力强弱依次为粉蕉、大蕉、威廉斯 (8818)、“巴西”、“93- 1”、广东二号 (6 3- 1)。  相似文献   

光纤传感器在双翻斗雨量传感器超差调整中的应用     

满永恒  刘振涛  王静 《气象科技》2022,50(4):606-610

双翻斗雨量传感器标校过程中,对于不同雨强超差方向相反的雨量计需要分别调节上翻斗的定位螺钉和计量翻斗的容量调节螺钉,同时也需要记录上翻斗和计量翻斗的翻动次数。雨量计使用的是无源脉冲输出,计量翻斗的每次翻动触发干簧管产生一个脉冲,利用单片机即可采集这个信号自动记录。而上翻斗的翻动次数靠人工观察统计,由于翻斗翻动速度较快人工计数不准确,最终造成标校不准。并且人工每次只能记录1台雨量计,无法批量自动记录数据。本文采用光纤传感器在不干扰雨量计运行情况下自动统计上翻斗翻动次数,为标校提供准确数据。  相似文献   

寒旱环境4种草本和灌木植物耐盐性试验研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

祁兆鑫  付江涛  刘亚斌  余冬梅  胡夏嵩  李淑霞  赵丹 《盐湖研究》2017,25(3):18-28

选取4种适宜于西宁盆地及其周边地区生长的老芒麦(Elymus sibiricus Linn.)、垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans Griseb.)、柠条锦鸡儿(Caragana korshinskii Kom.)、霸王(Zygophyllum xanthoxylon Maxim.)作为供试种,采用室内种植方式进行0、30、60、90、120 mmol/L 5种浓度的Na_2SO_4溶液胁迫试验。研究4种植物地茎(径)、株高、干重等生长指标及地上和地下部分Na~+、K~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Cl~-、SO_4~(2-)6种易溶盐离子含量,探讨4种植物的耐盐性特征。结果表明:盐胁迫对4种植物的生长具有一定抑制效应,其地茎(径)、株高、干重均逐渐降低,其中盐胁迫条件下对老芒麦的抑制作用相对较为显著,其次为垂穗披碱草、霸王和柠条锦鸡儿;随着胁迫浓度增加,4种植物地上和地下部分Na~+和SO_4~(2-)含量显著增加,而K~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Cl~-含量呈逐渐降低;柠条锦鸡儿地上部分K~+/Na~+值相对较高,为0.73~9.70,其次为霸王和垂穗披碱草,为0.46~8.35和0.45~7.57,老芒麦相对较低,为0.25~6.12,表明区内4种植物耐盐性由大至小依次为柠条锦鸡儿、霸王、垂穗披碱草、老芒麦。研究结果对于西宁盆地及其周边地区开展利用植物有效防治土地盐渍化具有理论指导意义。  相似文献   

When control rules collide: a comparison of fisheries management reference points and IUCN criteria for assessing risk of extinction     

Rice  Jake C.; Legace  Emilie 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2007,64(4):718-722

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盐胁迫下红树植物蛋白质的比较分析   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

周涵韬  林鹏 《海洋科学》2002,26(4):5-7

采集白骨壤的种子分别置于盐度为0的自来水和盐度为50的海水中沙培 ,从叶片中抽提总蛋白质 ,同时进行双向电泳。比较发现3个蛋白质点SR1、SR2、SR3只在盐度为50的海水培养下稳定地出现 ,另1个蛋白质点SR4只在无盐条件下出现。初步认为这4种蛋白质与白骨壤的耐盐性相关。  相似文献   

Rates of oxygen consumption and tolerance of hypoxia and desiccation in Chinese black sleeper(Bostrichthys sinensis) and mudskipper(Boleophthalmus pectinirostris) embryos     

CHEN Shixi  HONG Wanshu  ZHANG Qiyong  WU Renxie  WANG Qiong 《海洋学报(英文版)》2006,25(4):91-98

1Introduction Afossorialmodeoflifehasbeenadoptedbynu merousfishes(Gibson,1982).Burrowingmodeof lifeclearlyoffersanumberofadvantages,butburro wingfishmustalsobeadaptedtocopewiththespe cialproblemsthatthislifestylepresents.Fishthat constructburrowsininterti…  相似文献   

The influence of hypo‐osmotic stress on the regenerative capacity of the invasive polychaete Marenzelleria viridis from its native range          下载免费PDF全文

Andrew A. David  Jason D. Williams 《Marine Ecology》2016,37(4):821-830

The euryhaline polychaete Marenzelleria viridis is a notorious invader of the Baltic region and while many studies have focused on the effects of osmotic stress on larval development of the species, few have assessed its effect on adult specimens. This study investigated the effects of low salinity on the physiology of M. viridis by using its regenerative capacity as a proxy for physiologic performance. Specimens were collected in spring 2015 on sandy flats in Hempstead Bay (Long Island, New York), a site that falls within its native range. Worms were ablated between the 14th and 20th chaetigers and cultured at five different salinity treatments (24psu, 15psu, 10psu, 5psu and 0psu) that reflected the broad salinity regimes of its distributional range. Data for anterior regeneration were analysed and presented. Morphogenesis during anterior regeneration was characterized by the formation of a blastema from which the major anatomic structures emerged. All specimens cultured at 5–24psu successfully completed regeneration whereas 75% of specimens cultured at 0psu died and the survivors were unable to proceed beyond the blastema stage. Salinity did not have an effect on regeneration time (14.5–15.1 days) but did have an effect on the percentage of chaetigers regenerated (lowest – 77% at 5psu, highest – 97.5% at 15‰). The post‐regeneration phase was characterized by variability in pigmentation patterns in the regenerated anterior structures, which appear to be independent of salinity treatments. In conclusion, adult M. viridis appears to exhibit high tolerance to low salinity environments, which may have been inherited from its larval stages. In addition, the different pigmentation patterns observed in regenerated structures may allude to the variability of this feature in spionids.  相似文献   

西鄂尔多斯地区强旱生小灌木水分参数的研究(Ⅰ)   总被引：19，自引：12，他引：7  

李骁  王迎春  征荣 《中国沙漠》2005,25(4):581-586

绵刺、红砂、四合木、霸王柴为东阿拉善-西鄂尔多斯地区的超旱生灌木。本文运用PV技术对绵刺、红砂、四合木、霸王柴的多种水分关系参数(ψ_π¹⁰⁰、ψ₀、F₀、RWC⁰等)进行了测定,并通过测得的各水分参数从水分生理角度对这四种超旱生小灌木的耐旱性进行了比较分析。研究表明:①绵刺、红砂、四合木、霸王柴具有不同的耐旱机理,红砂主要体现为增加细胞溶质浓度的渗透调节,而四合木表现为较小的细胞体积(低的F₀值)和较强的持水能力(较大的AWC值和V_a/V₀值)。②红砂具有非常低的ψ_π¹⁰⁰值(-3.1302MPa)与ψ₀值(-3.5074MPa),体现出其具有很强的保持最大膨压和维持低水势的能力。③四合木的F₀值(52.12%)很低,而AWC值(87.43%)和V_a/V₀值(7.8092)却很高,说明四合木具有较强的忍耐水分胁迫能力和抗脱水能力。④绵刺的根茎系统具有快速吸收和传导水分的能力,可能与其具有劈裂式生长的特征有关。⑤经过对数据的统计学检验分析,证明PV技术具有良好的重复性。  相似文献