利用气温与云顶亮温差值检测云方法研究     

黄毅梅  郝剑平  杜春丽 《气象与环境科学》2013,36(4):22-28

利用2005年7-12月卫星资料、地面观测资料、探空资料和地形资料,统计分析了无云条件下气温与云顶亮温的差值,结果表明：无云情况下气温与云顶亮温差值平均为5.04℃,且具有较大的日变化性。由此提出了按时次分别求取阈值用以检测云。通过个例对比分析,初步得出该方法检测云具有以下特点：可用于全天候云检测;不受地形地貌等因素的影响;该云检测方法应用于反演计算,不仅反演的中、高云区域与实测的比较一致,而且反演的低云区域与实测结果也比较一致。  相似文献   

基于CALIPSO卫星资料的京津冀地区MODIS卷云云顶高度订正     

杨冰韵  刘健  贾煦 《大气科学》2020,44(5):1013-1022

卷云在大气辐射中扮演着重要角色,对天气系统和气候变化产生重要影响。相比传统地基观测手段,卫星遥感更容易探测到高层卷云的信息,本文利用CALIOP主动遥感仪器可获取较为准确的薄卷云特性的特点,针对MODIS被动遥感探测器反演的薄卷云云顶高度的偏差开展订正研究。研究选取2013～2017年京津冀地区MODIS云产品,结合CALIPSO卫星的卷云云顶高度数据,基于交叉验证的方法得到线性拟合方案,对MODIS卷云云顶高度进行订正。订正后的MODIS与CALIPSO卷云云顶高度差值的分布区间由?3～2 km变为?2.0～2.5 km,峰值由?0.8 km左右变为0.2 km左右。订正效果随云顶高度和云光学厚度的不同有所变化,其中较低层卷云和光学薄卷云的订正效果更明显。  相似文献   

2000-2018年东亚地区云顶高度的时空变化特征     

赵敏  张华  王海波  朱丽 《气候变化研究进展》2020,16(5):591-599

为了了解区域云顶高度对过去气候变化的响应,基于卫星搭载的MODIS传感器提供的2000年3月至2018年2月MOD03_08_v6.0数据,分析了东亚地区云顶高度2000—2018年的时空变化特征,并探讨其长期变化的原因。研究发现,东亚地区云顶高度呈西南高东北低的特征。云顶高度在东亚地区以0.020 km/a的变率增长,其中大陆东部云顶高度的年际变率为0.035 km/a,东部海域年际变率为0.034 km/a。在东部海域地区云顶高度的变化同海表温度的变化相关性较高,相关系数为0.68,这表明云顶高度的变化受下垫面的影响。在东亚地区30°~40°N区域内,年平均云顶高度的增加较为明显。此外,夏季云顶高度在长江中下游盆地、塔里木盆地、吐鲁番盆地以及四川盆地东北部呈-0.03 km/a的减少趋势,这是由于更多低云的形成降低了云顶高度;冬季云顶高度在东亚地区40°N以北呈下降趋势,而在40°N以南呈增加趋势。  相似文献   

利用CloudSat资料分析青藏高原、高原南坡及南亚季风区云高度的统计特征量   总被引：14，自引：3，他引：11       下载免费PDF全文

王胜杰  何文英  陈洪滨  卞建春  王振会 《高原气象》2010,29(1):1-9

云与辐射的相互作用对全球的天气和气候变化过程有着重要的影响,不同高度的云有着不同的辐射强迫,获得云体高度及其在时空上的变化对研究全球气候的变化有着重要意义。本文利用云卫星上的云廓线雷达(CloudSat/CPR)2006年6月—2007年12月期间的资料,对比分析了青藏高原、高原南坡和南亚季风区域不同云类的云顶、云底高度和云厚统计量。结果表明,在所研究区域单位面积上的云顶和云底高度变化具有一定的时空连续性,不同云类的云顶和云底高度存在不同的变化范围,且随着季节的改变均有明显的变化;同时各区域不同云类的云体厚度在夏季较大,冬季较小;各区域不同云类所占的比例(云量)也具有一定的季节变化规律。  相似文献   

华北飑线系统中地闪活动与雷达回波顶高的关系及预警指标   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

易笑园  宫全胜  李培彦  贾惠珍  王庆元 《气象》2009,35(2):34-40

选取代表华北地区经常出现的三类飑线系统--拖曳层状型(TS)、先导层状型(LS)、平行层状型(PS)的3次强雷暴过程为研究对象,利用天津塘沽多普勒雷达资料、京津冀ADTD型地闪监测网资料和北京探空资料,在对资料进行全面质量控制的基础上,运用粗网格化分析方法,分别以飑线系统整体和飑线系统上局部的强回波块为研究对象,探讨6分钟内地闪频数与雷达回波顶高的关系,找寻雷电预警指标.结果表明:3次过程中,出现在云顶达到8～12km 对流云塔中的地闪频数分别为85.8%、78.9%和80.5%;无论是在飑线系统整体,还是飑线系统上强回波块中,6分钟内地闪频数与对流云回波顶高高于11km或12km的回波面积有正相关关系;而且在飑线系统内的地闪活跃区,回波顶高高于11km的回波面积对地闪活动激烈程度具有预警意义.  相似文献   

压裂支撑剂密度测定方法及应用研究     

黄天坤  任战利  乌永兵  赵晨虹 《地下水》2019,(1):94-98

论证了支撑剂体积密度、视密度和绝对密度的概念与内涵,降低概念混用现象的发生。结合SY/T5018-2006和SY/T5018-2014两个标准,重新设计了测定视密度的方法、步骤和计算式。分析得出100 ml规格密度瓶是50 ml规格密度瓶测量值稳定性的7倍以上;用纯水做测试液比煤油的测量值稳定性高出2倍左右;选用100 ml规格的密度瓶,样品质量大于40 g后,会使测量值更趋稳定。支撑剂的密度指标主要用于压裂施工中的产品优选、压裂液携砂能力、地层造缝能力和变密度加砂压裂等方面。建议除非支撑剂为典型的亲油性物质,否则宜选择纯水、100 ml规格密度瓶、40 g左右支撑剂样品组合开展实验为宜。  相似文献   

Catchment properties,function, and conceptual model representation: is there a correspondence?          下载免费PDF全文

Fabrizio Fenicia  Dmitri Kavetski  Hubert H. G. Savenije  Martyn P. Clark  Gerrit Schoups  Laurent Pfister  Jim Freer 《水文研究》2014,28(4):2451-2467

This study investigates the possible correspondence between catchment structure, as represented by perceptual hydrological models developed from fieldwork investigations, and mathematical model structures, selected on the basis of reproducing observed catchment hydrographs. Three Luxembourgish headwater catchments are considered, where previous fieldwork suggested distinct flow‐generating mechanisms and hydrological dynamics. A set of lumped conceptual model structures are hypothesized and implemented using the SUPERFLEX framework. Following parameter calibration, the model performance is examined in terms of predictive accuracy, quantification of uncertainty, and the ability to reproduce the flow–duration curve signature. Our key research question is whether differences in the performance of the conceptual model structures can be interpreted based on the dominant catchment processes suggested from fieldwork investigations. For example, we propose that the permeable bedrock and the presence of multiple aquifers in the Huewelerbach catchment may explain the superior performance of model structures with storage elements connected in parallel. Conversely, model structures with serial connections perform better in the Weierbach and Wollefsbach catchments, which are characterized by impermeable bedrock and dominated by lateral flow. The presence of threshold dynamics in the Weierbach and Wollefsbach catchments may favour nonlinear models, while the smoother dynamics of the larger Huewelerbach catchment were suitably reproduced by linear models. It is also shown how hydrologically distinct processes can be effectively described by the same mathematical model components. Major research questions are reviewed, including the correspondence between hydrological processes at different levels of scale and how best to synthesize the experimentalist's and modeller's perspectives. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

GIS research to address tensions in geography     

May Yuan 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2021,42(1):13-30

The rise of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technologies has been producing powerful tools for spatial data processing, management, analysis, modeling, and visualization. While supporting many tasks, GIS technologies have evoked new thinking and advanced intellectual inquiries in geography. Technological advances in other fields often stimulate new research questions and lead to revolutionary discoveries. The Hubble telescope revolutionizes our understanding of the universe, and 3D digital microscopes transform our knowledge of the coordination among biological, neurological, and physiological systems in living organisms. Can GIS claim similar revolutionary effects on geography? The answer is much up for debate. With GIS technologies, geographic studies can explore a broader extent across multiple scales in space and time and tackle problems through increasingly complex spatial statistics, visual analytics, computation, simulation, machine learning, and artificial intelligence. Both the Hubble telescope and 3D digital microscope were built based on scientific research that subserves the technological advances for inquiries into space and life systems. Likewise, GIScience research innovates GIS methods that enable novel geographic investigations and therefore contribute to geographic knowledge production. For the sake of simplicity, the term GIS used here represents both GIScience and GIS technologies. This essay attempts to clarify the intellectual contributions of GIS to geography on the following two questions: (1) What novel geographic thinking is driven by GIS? (2) How may GIS provoke new geographic inquiries and knowledge? Building on Nystuen's notion of four tensions that trigger geographic questions, the essay discusses how GIS innovations mediate historical tension, space‐time tension, dimensional tension and scale tensions.  相似文献   

Probability Distribution of the Hull Motion and Mooring Line Tension of Two Floating Systems     

Deqing Zhang  Junfeng Du  Junrong Wang  Anteng Chang 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2020,19(2):281-297

The statistical and distribution characteristics of the responses of a floater and its mooring lines are essential in designing floating/mooring systems.In general,the dynamic responses of offshore structures obey a Gaussian distribution,assuming that the structural system,and sea loads are linear or weakly nonlinear.However,mooring systems and wave loads are considerably nonlinear,and the dynamic responses of hull/mooring systems are non-Gaussian.In this study,the dynamic responses of two types of floaters,semi-submersible and spar platforms,and their mooring lines are computed using coupled dynamic analysis in the time domain.Herein,the statistical characteristics and distributions of the hull motion and mooring line tension are discussed and compared.The statistical distributions of the dynamic responses have strong non-Gaussianity and are unreasonably fitted by a Gaussian distribution for the two floating and mooring systems.Then,the effects of water depth,wave parameters,and low-frequency and wave-frequency components on the non-Gaussianity of the hull motion,and mooring line tension are investigated and discussed.A comparison of the statistical distributions of the responses with various probability density functions,including the Gamma,Gaussian,General Extreme Value,Weibull,and Gaussian Mixture Model(GMM)distributions,shows that the GMM distribution is better than the others for characterizing the statistical distributions of the hull motion,and mooring line tension responses.Furthermore,the GMM distribution has the best accuracy of response prediction.  相似文献   

广东2022年一次强降水的FY-4A观测及闪电特征     

蔡占文  王彤  朱传林  雷彦森  苟阿宁 《热带气象学报》2023,(3):313-322

利用FY-4A卫星闪电成像仪LMI、TBB、地基闪电ADTD数据和NCEP-FNL再分析资料等,以2022年5月10日广东一次暴雨过程为例,对两个不同强降水区域对流云团发展演变的观测特征进行了分析。结果表明：中北部清远至九连山南侧的强降水1区属于典型的锋面低槽型暴雨,发生在低槽前部冷暖交汇区,珠江口西侧沿海附近的强降水2区则是暖区西南和偏南气流辐合作用的结果。此个例强降水发生前TBB迅速下降,强降水主要位于对流云团TBB低值中心梯度大值区。对流发展初期TBB逐渐下降到230 K以下,TBB变率较前1 h下降幅度可达-15℃以上,局部可达-30℃,对流云团移动前方的闪电对下一时刻对流的发展移动有很好的指示意义,锋面降水中ADTD较LMI提前出现;成熟阶段TBB大范围下降到220 K以下,局部200 K以下,TBB变率减小,维持在0～-10℃,闪电达到峰值,密集闪电随着TBB≤220 K低值区移动。  相似文献