鄂西地区宽频地震台阵背景噪声特征     

任凤茹  谢锦赟  杨小舟 《华北地震科学》2020,38(1):21-28,37

利用鄂西地区长时间段宽频地震台站的三分量背景噪声记录,采用波形互相关方法得到台站对间的互相关函数,并通过聚束分析获得瑞雷波和勒夫波的慢度谱,研究鄂西地区背景噪声源的时空分布特征。结果表明,5~10 s周期范围,背景噪声来源于南太平洋且没有季节变化;10~20 s周期范围,慢度谱上显示明显的能量环,表明噪声源来源于多个方向,且表现出强烈和急剧的季节变化;20~40 s周期范围,慢度谱上也存在明显的能量环,其产生机制可能与此周期下提出的次重力波机制相似。在不同的周期范围内,噪声源分布方位有所不同,但在周期10~40 s范围噪声源在各方向均有分布。因此,利用长时间段连续噪声数据计算的互相关函数在周期10~40 s范围内满足背景噪声面波层析成像的理论前提。  相似文献   

应用Sato、Aki模型对比分析内蒙古东北地区尾波Q值     

翟浩  张晖  安全 《地震地磁观测与研究》2020,41(2):44-50

选取2016年3月—2019年6月内蒙古地震监测台网记录的925条内蒙古东北部及邻近地区地震数据,从中挑选133次M_L≥2.0且记录清晰、信噪比较高的地震事件,利用Sato模型、Aki模型,分别计算该区域地震尾波平均Q值,并拟合得到Q值对频率的依赖关系,其中：(1)Sato模型：Q_C(f)=(64.11±29.15)f~((0.8914±0.0772));(2)Aki模型：Q_C(f)=(258.4±65)f~((0.6815±0.1435))。结果表明,利用2种模型计算的该区域地震尾波Q值分布具有一致性,且Q值与依赖指数η成反比关系,分析认为,尾波Q值高低分布与地震活动性及地质构造有关。  相似文献   

基于区域水准和跨断层资料分析云南地区地壳形变     

徐东卓  苏广利  王世进  朱传宝  孙非非 《震灾防御技术》2019,14(1):118-128

为了获取云南地区现今地壳形变和断层活动特征,收集了云南地区1992—2016年的2期精密水准观测资料,采用基于GNSS连续站垂直形变资料约束的平差方法,对区域整体地壳垂直形变特征进行了分析,结果显示滇西北区域地壳整体表现为隆升,垂向速率为2—3mm/a,滇南区域显示地壳沉降速率为-1—-2mm/a,并在下关—永胜和思茅—景谷一带存在地壳形变高梯度带。收集了该地区30多年的跨断层场地观测资料,计算了所跨断层的三维活动量,得出了断层现今活动状态和异常特征,认为滇西北和滇中南地区的场地多数表现出异常活动的现象,其中楚雄、剑川和永胜的监测断层现今表现出与地质背景相反的走滑和拉张特征,峨山、建水和通海场地所处断层在张压性质上与地质背景相反。结合区域水准和跨断层观测分析结果,从“面”和“线”上得出滇西北和滇中南地区存在地壳形变和断层活动异常,构造应力积累较高的结果,加之缺震背景显著,认为应关注该区域中强地震的危险性。  相似文献   

单纯形定位方法在新疆数字地震台网的测定精度分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张志斌  金花  王晓飞 《震灾防御技术》2019,14(1):200-209

地震定位是地震学中最基本的问题之一,现阶段大部分采用基于走时的方法。单纯形定位方法作为一种直接搜索类的方法,在新疆测震台网日常地震目录产出中发挥了重要作用。本文采用数值模拟的方法,利用新疆测震台网现有布局,结合“3400”走时表,分析单纯形定位方法在新疆测震台网的测定精度。研究表明,对于新疆测震台网网内浅源地震,单纯形定位方法能够得出较为精确的震中位置,而得出的网外地震震中位置存在一定偏差;初至折射波对震源深度有一定的控制能力,速度模型的准确性对震源深度和发震时刻的测定影响较大。  相似文献   

新疆北天山中东段呼图壁地区震源深度的重新测定   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

李艳永  唐明帅  乌尼尔 《震灾防御技术》2019,14(2):352-362

联合Hyposat法、PTD法和gCAP矩张量反演法,重新测定新疆北天山中东段呼图壁地区2010—2017年502个地震的震源深度,并对震源深度剖面进行初步分析。结果表明,重新测定的震源深度优势分布为15—20km,平均震源深度为16km,呼图壁M_S 6.2地震的震源深度为20km;研究区南部和中部的震源深度集中分布在20km左右,与北天山壳内低速体的层位相当,可能是上地壳和下地壳之间的韧性剪切带存在的部位,起到滑脱层的作用,研究区北部的震源深度则向浅部扩展;呼图壁M_S 6.2地震的发震断裂可能在清水河子断裂下方的1条隐伏反冲断层上,可能是霍尔果斯断裂向前沿断坡冲断受阻而在相反方向上发育分支反冲断层的结果。  相似文献   

SLIP OFFSET ALONG STRIKE-SLIP FAULT DETERMINED FROM STREAM TERRACES FORMATION     

XU Bin-bin  ZHANG Dong-li  ZHANG Pei-zhen  ZHENG Wen-jun  BI Hai-yun  TIAN Qing-ying  ZHANG Yi-peng  XIONG Jian-guo  LI Zhi-gang 《地震地质》2019,41(3):587-602

Slip rate is one of the most important parameters in quantitative research of active faults. It is an average rate of fault dislocation during a particular period, which can reflect the strain energy accumulation rate of a fault. Thus it is often directly used in the evaluation of seismic hazard. Tectonic activities significantly influence regional geomorphic characteristics. Therefore, river evolution characteristics can be used to study tectonic activities characteristics, which is a relatively reliable method to determine slip rate of fault. Based on the study of the river geomorphology evolution process model and considering the influence of topographic and geomorphic factors, this paper established the river terrace dislocation model and put forward that the accurate measurement of the displacement caused by the fault should focus on the erosion of the terrace caused by river migration under the influence of topography. Through the analysis of the different cases in detail, it was found that the evolution of rivers is often affected by the topography, and rivers tend to migrate to the lower side of the terrain and erode the terraces on this side. However, terraces on the higher side of the terrain can usually be preserved, and the displacement caused by faulting can be accumulated relatively completely. Though it is reliable to calculate the slip rate of faults through the terrace dislocation on this side, a detailed analysis should be carried out in the field in order to select the appropriate terraces to measure the displacement under the comprehensive effects of topography, landform and other factors, if the terraces on both sides of the river are preserved. In order to obtain the results more objectively, we used Monte Carlo method to estimate the fault displacement and displacement error range. We used the linear equation to fit the position of terrace scarps and faults, and then calculate the terrace displacement. After 100, 000 times of simulation, the fault displacement and its error range could be obtained with 95%confidence interval. We selected the Gaoyan River in the eastern Altyn Tagh Fault as the research object, and used the unmanned air vehicle aerial photography technology to obtain the high-resolution DEM of this area. Based on the terrace evolution model proposed in this paper, we analyzed the terrace evolution with the detailed interpretation of the topography and landform of the DEM, and inferred that the right bank of the river was higher than the left bank, which led to the continuous erosion of the river to the left bank, while the terraces on the right bank were preserved. In addition, four stages of fault displacements and their error ranges were obtained by Monte Carlo method. By integrating the dating results of previous researches in this area, we got the fault slip rate of(1.80±0.51)mm/a. After comparing this result with the slip rates of each section of Altyn Tagh Fault studied by predecessors, it was found that the slip rate obtained in this paper is in line with the variation trend of the slip rate summarized by predecessors, namely, the slip rate gradually decreases from west to east, from 10~12mm/a in the middle section to about 2mm/a at the end.  相似文献   

利用R语言半自动化提取河流阶地——以米家山黄河阶地为例     

姚文倩  刘静  Michael Oskin  韩龙飞  李雪  王恒  徐心悦  李占飞  张金玉 《地震地质》2019,41(2):363-376

构造活跃地区阶地的发育对于分析不同时间域下的构造变形或气候作用具有重要意义。因此,如何利用有效的定量方法提取和精细刻画这类地貌特征显得极为重要。R语言是一种集统计分析和图形显示于一体的优秀编程语言,目前已被广泛应用于医学、生物学等领域,但尚未应用于地质与地貌学领域。文中以海原断裂带景泰—哈思山段的米家山东侧保存较好的多级黄河河流阶地为研究目标,初步尝试基于R语言对Sf M技术获取的高精度地形数据进行分析和可视化,完成了对米家山黄河阶地的半自动提取,共划分出20级河流阶地,同时揭示出较年轻的阶地具有较好的连续性和延伸性,而较老阶地的连续性和延伸性则相对较差,且老阶地变形逐渐趋于明显,阶地年龄越老,其似半抛物线形态的翘曲越明显,反映了米家山东侧多级阶地形成后的不同演化历史。此次试验结果表明R语言有望成为高精度地形数据分析和可视化的有效工具。  相似文献   

断层类型对高烈度区分布的影响研究     

杨海芳  帅向华 《地震工程与工程振动》2019,39(1):199-205

本文收集整理了1966年以来震级大于等于6.5的破坏性地震的震害资料,通过分析历史震例数据将6.5—7.9级地震的Ⅷ度及以上烈度区和8级及以上地震的Ⅸ度及以上烈度区定义为高烈度区。研究了不同类型地震高烈度区的分布特点,并给出了不同类型地震震级与高烈度区长短轴之间的拟合关系。分析结果表明:(1)走滑型地震高烈度区分布基本为比较对称的椭圆,这可能与走滑断层作用的应力是来自两旁的剪切力,其两盘顺断层面走向相对移动,而无上下垂直移动有关;(2)倾滑型地震高烈度区分布不一定对称,具体分布受断层两侧以及断层本身介质的物理性质影响;(3)褶皱类型地震的高烈度区分布特点要根据地震的断层位错和地震时褶皱隆起两方面的信息具体分析。  相似文献   

喜马拉雅地区与天山地区地壳强地震的孕震因素探讨     

陈应君 《中国地震》2019,35(2):305-318

利用哈佛大学GCMT数据中心和前人积累的历史地震资料(1962~2016年M W>4.0地震)以及Crust2.0地壳结构统计分析了喜马拉雅地区、天山地区的地壳区域构造与地震活动间的相关性。此外,利用GFZ地学研究中心提供的静态卫星重力模型GGM03S/EGM2008和地形模型Topo计算了2个地区的各类重力异常场,同时还模拟了不同地壳弹性参数下的重力异常场,结果表明喜马拉雅地区重力异常场在水平、垂直方向的梯度特征远大于天山地区的异常特征,且喜马拉雅地区的有效弹性板厚度Te(6~15km)小于天山地区的有效弹性板厚度Te(20~30km)。最后,利用喜马拉雅地区与天山地区的GPS震间三维形变场约束了断层运动模型,结果显示两者主前缘断裂的断层闭锁深度及应力积累状态存在较大的差异。因此认为,造成青藏高原及邻区的边界地壳区域地震活动性差异的动力学因素,与地壳有效弹性板厚度、孕震断层参数及区域应力积累状态等密切相关。  相似文献   

Patterns and drivers of peat topographic changes determined from Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry at field plot and laboratory scales     

Changjia Li  Richard Grayson  Mark Smith  Joseph Holden 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(6):1274-1294

Little is known about the spatial and temporal variability of peat erosion nor some of its topographic and weather-related drivers. We present field and laboratory observations of peat erosion using Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetry. Over a 12 month period, 11 repeated SfM surveys were conducted on four geomorphological sites of 18–28 m² (peat hagg, gully wall, riparian area and gully head) in a blanket peatland in northern England. A net topographic change of –14 to +30 mm yr^–1 for the four sites was observed during the whole monitoring period. Cold conditions in the winter of 2016 resulted in highly variable volume change (net surface topographic rise first and lowering afterwards) via freeze–thaw processes. Long periods of dry conditions in the summer of 2017 led to desiccation and drying and cracking of the peat surface and a corresponding surface lowering. Topographic changes were mainly observed over short-term intervals when intense rainfall, flow wash, needle-ice production or surface desiccation was observed. In the laboratory, we applied rainfall simulations on peat blocks and compared the peat losses quantified by traditional sediment flux measurements with SfM derived topographic data. The magnitude of topographic change determined by SfM (mean value: 0.7 mm, SD: 4.3 mm) was very different to the areal average determined by the sediment yield from the blocks (mean value: –0.1 mm, SD: 0.1 mm). Topographic controls on spatial patterns of topographic change were illustrated from both field and laboratory surveys. Roughness was positively correlated to positive topographic change and was negatively correlated to negative topographic change at field plot scale and laboratory macroscale. Overall, the importance of event-scale change and the direct relationship between surface roughness and the rate of topographic change are important characteristics which we suggest are generalizable to other environments. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献