Toxicity assessment of New Zealand and Pacific dinoflagellates Ostreopsis and Gambierdiscus (Dinophyceae) extracts using bioassays     

PA Argyle  DT Harwood  LL Rhodes  O Champeau  LA Tremblay 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2016,50(3):444-456

The dinoflagellate genus Ostreopsis produces palytoxin-like compounds (PLTXs) and the genus Gambierdiscus produces ciguatoxins (CTXs) and maitotoxin (MTX). Human illness has been recorded following the consumption of CTX-contaminated finfish. Their effects on the flora and fauna in the environment are largely unexplored. Toxin profiles of extracts of Ostreopsis and Gambierdiscus isolates from the Pacific region were characterised using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Sea urchin (Evechinus chloriticus) fertilisation was unaffected by any algal extracts, but extracts containing maitotoxin-3 (MTX-3, but not MTX or CTXs), or with high concentrations of PLTXs, were toxic to urchin larval development. Gambierdiscus extracts containing CTXs elicited toxic responses in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo toxicity assays; extracts containing only MTX-3 elicited a limited response. Ostreopsis extracts containing PLTXs caused no response. The results demonstrate potential impacts of toxic dinoflagellates on larval organisms and the potential of embryonic assays as toxicity screening tools.  相似文献   

十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)胁迫对褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis)摄食与选食的影响     

陈红梅  唐学玺  房宽  王悠 《海洋与湖沼》2016,47(2):438-446

实验生态条件下研究十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)的急性毒性胁迫对褶皱臂尾轮虫(Branchionus plicatilis)运动行为与摄食行为的影响,探讨可用以表征胁迫-响应的生物标志物。结果表明:(1)BDE-209胁迫24h显著性增加了褶皱臂尾轮虫的运动抑制率,由此得到24h半数有效抑制浓度(24h-EC_(50))为9.084mg/L,但未达到半数致死作用;(2)当分别以四种海洋微藻:小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)、青岛大扁藻(Platymonas helgolandica)、等鞭金藻8701(Isochrysis galbana)和小新月菱形藻(Cylindrotheca closterium)为单一饵料来源时,褶皱臂尾轮虫对四种饵料单胞藻的滤水率(F)和摄食率(G)均随着胁迫时间和胁迫浓度的增加而不断下降,呈现出明显的浓度依赖性,说明BDE-209胁迫能显著抑制褶皱臂尾轮虫的摄食作用。(3)将其中三种微藻等生物量混合投喂时,褶皱臂尾轮虫对三种微藻的滤水率和摄食率与单一饵料投喂条件相比均发生变化,且对各种微藻的选食率(Sr)和摄食总生物量均随着胁迫时间和浓度的增加呈下降趋势,选择性指数(Si)发生变化,对小球藻的摄食选择性最高。滤水率的变化较其它指标更敏感,可用以指示浮游动物在个体水平上响应外源环境变化的标志物。结果表明,BDE-209胁迫能有效改变褶皱臂尾轮虫的摄食与选食行为,且其最适宜的饵料是小球藻。  相似文献   

脑梗死方急性毒性实验研究          下载免费PDF全文

宋婉慈  权泰民  任慧莹 《应用海洋学学报》2021,37(10):196

目的：研究脑梗死方给药后小鼠急性毒性反应情况,为临床安全用药提供参考。方法：将昆明（KM）小鼠40只随机分为空白组与给药组,每组各20只。给药组以药物最大浓度（11.68 g/ml）、最大体积（40 mg/kg）灌胃脑梗死方浓缩液,给药1次,对照组灌胃等量0.9%氯化钠注射液。连续16 d观察小鼠一般状态、饮食量、饮水量、体质量和死亡等情况,16 d后处死小鼠,测定血清尿素氮(BUN)、总胆固醇(CHO)、白蛋白(ALB)、总蛋白(TP)、葡萄糖（GLC）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、血小板总数(PLT)、红细胞计数(RBC)、白细胞计数(WBC)水平,并计算脏器系数。结果：给药组小鼠无中毒死亡情况,一般状态良好。2组饮食量、饮水量、体质量、BUN、CHO、ALB、TP、GLC、ALT、AST、ALP、PLT、RBC、WBC含量比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。2组肝脏系数比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论：脑梗死方无明显的毒性作用,可为临床安全用药提供参考依据。  相似文献   

Heterotrophic potentials and trophic status of ten New Zealand lakes   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

P. A. Gillespie 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(1):91-107

A comparative study of the heterotrophic potentials of ten New Zealand lakes was carried out. Two sampling periods were chosen, one during late August and early September 1972 (late winter, minimal thermal stratification) and another during February 1973 (mid summer, strong thermal stratification in all but two lakes). A wide range of heterotrophic potentials occurred which enabled the lakes to be placed in the following basic groups according to descending trophic levels:

Group I: Rotowhero (thermal, acid lake) >Rotorua>Okaro

Group II: Rotokakahi> Tikitapu >Okareka

Group III: Rotoma = Rotoroa (S.I.) = Rotoiti (S.I.) = Okataina

Maximum values for heterotrophic potential (Vm a x ) in micrograms of glucose per litre per hour were: Maximum heterotrophic activities were found within the metalimnion, except in Lakes Tikitapu and Rotokakahi, where maximum activities occurred within the hypolimnion.  相似文献   

Accumulation of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins in the oyster Crassostrea gigas and the mussel Choromytilus meridionalis in the southern Benguela ecosystem     

《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(2):273-281

Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) poses a significant threat to the safe consumption of shellfish in the southern Benguela ecosystem. The accumulation of DSP toxins was investigated in two cultivated bivalve species, the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and the mussel Choromytilus meridio-nalis, suspended from a mooring located off Lambert's Bay on the west coast of South Africa. The dinoflagellate Dinophysis acuminata, a known source of polyether toxins associated with DSP, was common through most of the study period. The toxin composition of the dinoflagellate was dominated by okadaic acid (OA) (91%), with lesser quantities of the dinophysistoxin DTX-1 (6.5%) and pecteno-toxin PTX-2 (2.4%), and traces of PTX-2sa and PTX-11. The mean cell toxin quota of D. acuminata was 7.8 pg OA cell^–1. The toxin profile in shellfish was characterised by a notably higher relative content of DTX-1. The study showed the average concentration of DSP toxins in the mussels to exceed that in the oysters by approximately 20-fold. The results indicate a need to establish species-specific sampling frequencies in shellfish safety monitoring programmes.  相似文献   

LM神经网络在鱼类胚胎保存抗冻剂毒性试验设计中的应用     

邵磊  肖志忠 《海洋科学》2007,31(7):1-3

采用LM算法神经网络对鱼类胚胎冷冻保存抗冻剂毒性试验数据进行了分析,研究了孵化率和抗冻剂种类、浓度以及平衡时间等因素之间的对应关系,为鱼类胚胎冷冻保存的研究提供了新的分析手段,研究结果表明这一方法行之有效。  相似文献   

铅在海水中的析出及其对急性毒性实验的影响          下载免费PDF全文

童一帆  韩雪萌  蔡文倩  田胜艳 《海洋科学》2023,47(1):73-80

铅(Pb)在海水中易产生沉淀,这将影响毒性实验中效应值的计算。本研究通过海水中不同重金属对中国广泛分布的底栖无脊椎动物双齿围沙蚕(Perinereis aibuhitensis)以及毒理学研究常用的海水模式生物卤虫(Artemiasalina)的急性毒性实验,对比分析了海水中Pb的生物毒性特点以及暴露溶液中Pb的析出对毒性实验结果的影响。用人工海水与天然海水配制Pb溶液时,理论浓度为18.7～1 200mg/L的Pb溶液中均出现大量白色沉淀。通过扫描电子显微镜能谱(SEM-EDS)对析出物进行检测,根据元素组成推测析出物主要为氯化铅与碳酸铅。对溶液浓度进行检测发现,Pb的实测浓度仅为理论浓度的1/15～1/2,根据实测浓度计算的Pb对双齿围沙蚕和卤虫的96h/48h半数致死浓度(LC₅₀)值低于根据理论浓度计算值的1/10。对比Pb、Cu、Cd对双齿围沙蚕与卤虫的LC₅₀值发现, Pb对水生生物的毒性低于Cu和Cd,且对不同生物的毒性效应存在差异。对比研究报道中Pb对海洋生物的急性毒性效应发现,Pb对幼体生物的毒性效应较显著,而在海水有效溶解...  相似文献   

水产动物中的微塑料及其对人健康的潜在危险性          下载免费PDF全文

王娜  张士璀 《海洋科学》2023,47(6):124-129

塑料的大量生产和使用导致其在自然界积累,并在各种环境因素作用下裂解,产生粒径小于5 mm的碎片和颗粒,即微塑料,全球的水生生态系统都发现有一定程度微塑料污染。各种水生动物,包括人类经常食用的鱼、虾和贝类等水产动物,都不可避免摄入微塑料,并通过食物链传递给人。微塑料中含有添加剂,其表面可以吸附周围环境的化学物质甚至微生物。动物和人摄入微塑料,可通过胃肠道转移到其他器官,给健康造成潜在危害,受到学术界越来越多的关注。作者从水产动物中的微塑料、人体暴露途径和潜在毒性3个方面,对水产食物链中的微塑料及其对人健康的潜在危险的研究进展做了简要概述。  相似文献