GRASP-UTS: an algorithm for unsupervised trajectory segmentation     

Amílcar Soares Júnior  Bruno Neiva Moreno  Valéria Cesário Times  Stan Matwin  Lucídio dos Anjos Formiga Cabral 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(1):46-68

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Analysis of the reliability of a statistical oil spill response model     

Ana J. Abascal  Sonia Castanedo  Raul Medina  Maria Liste 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(11):2099-2110

A statistical oil spill response model is developed and validated by means of actual oil slick observations reported during the Prestige accident and trajectories of drifter buoys. The model is based on the analysis of a database of hypothetical oil spill scenarios simulated by means of a Lagrangian transport model. To carry out the simulations, a re-analysis database consisting of 44-year hindcast dataset of wind and waves and climatologic daily mean surface currents is used. The number of scenarios required to obtain statistically reliable results is investigated, finding that 200 scenarios provide an optimal balance between the accuracy of the results and the computational effort. The reliability of the model was analyzed by comparing the actual data with the numerical results. The agreement found between actual and numerical data shows that the developed statistical oil spill model is a valuable tool to support spill response planning.  相似文献   

网络空间移动对象模型的应用与发展     

张恒才  陆锋  陈洁 《地球信息科学学报》2013,15(3):328-337

海量移动对象轨迹数据的涌现促使移动对象数据库成为一个新兴的研究领域。网络空间是人与交通工具移动的主要空间范围,也是移动对象数据库领域最重要的研究空间。网络空间下的移动对象建模是交通科学、社会与城市计算的基础性关键技术。由于受到所依附的地理空间的限制,网络环境下的移动对象数据表达与自由空间相比具有很大的特殊性,面临新的挑战。本文分析了网络空间移动对象建模的基本需求,对20年来,业界提出的各种网络空间移动对象数据模型进行了系统回顾和分类,深入分析了各种网络空间移动对象数据模型的特征、优点与局限性,提出了现阶段网络空间移动对象数据建模需要关注的关键问题,并对未来研究方向进行了展望。  相似文献   

Diadromy and longitudinal patterns of upstream penetration of freshwater fish in Taranaki,New Zealand     

Michael K. Joy  Ian M. Henderson  Russell G. Death 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):531-543

Diadromous fish species dominate the New Zealand freshwater fish fauna and make up 15 of the 17 native fish species found on the Taranaki Ring Plain. Trajectories of occurrence in relation to elevation and distance from the sea are described for 11 diadromous and 2 non‐diadromous species using data from the New Zealand Freshwater Fish Database and data collected over the summer of 1997/ 98. Distinctive distributions were found for most of the species related to their differing migratory strategies and abilities. The species were ranked based on components of these trajectories to compare their penetrative ability. Comparison of the ranking methods used revealed they produced similar results. The ranking of the 11 diadromous species in Taranaki relative to each other revealed similar rankings to those for the same species from the West Coast of the South Island. The non‐migratory native fish, Cran's bully (Gobiomorphus basalis), was not found on the western side of the mountain. This distribution is thought to be the result of the local extinction of non‐migratory species in high gradient or unstable streams.  相似文献   

The Heat Airspace Cloud Map in Terminal Airspace of Airports Based on Air Passenger Flow and a Case Study in Beijing International Airport     

Xinru Du  Zi Lu  Yaqing Dong  Jianghui Ding  Dianshuang Wu 《地球科学进展》2019,34(8):879-888

The calculation of air passenger flow density and the recognition of heat airspace in terminal areas of large hub airports is a new challenging research in the intelligent era, that is, using big data can automatically generate air passenger flow and basic rules. Aimed for the air passenger flow density in airport and its relationship between occupation and airspace, based on the establishment of the Beijing International Airport 1 h flight, which consists of basic parameters-latitude, longitude and height, additional parameters-dogleg and speed of trajectories, time parameters, a spatio-temporal data set by clustering trajectories and calculation of aircraft trajectories points was made up. Then, heat cloud map of flight trajectories under 4D conditions was generated. Cell was used to identify the basic parameters and time parameter of heat airspace; grid graphs of flight trajectories were used to identify additional parameters and explain the influence on heat airspace; probability fitting graphs were used to verify the accuracy of 4D results. The conclusion is as follows: there are two areas of Beijing International Airport, which have the high density and at two different heights there also exist hot peaks; flight trajectories and speed of trajectories also affect the heat airspace. The variation of heat airspace caused by different flight occupancy time in 4D recognition was revealed. The method realized the 4D heat cloud map of flight trajectories, which is better for detailed and accurate information construction, expression of spatial changes, and more the parameters of density and visualization of temporal and spatial range, which can assist the automatic dynamic airspace sectorization and decision making on airspace allocation, and also have a definite reference meaning in alleviating the contradiction between the current air traffic demand and limited airspace.  相似文献   

Lagrangian motion of air parcels in the stratosphere in the presence of planetary waves     

Taroh Matsuno 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1980,118(1):189-216

Development of thoughts on tracer transport mechanisms in the stratosphere which lead to new approaches to two-dimensional modeling of the tracer problem is reviewed.Three-dimensional motions of individual air parcels affected by a planetary wave are investigated theoretically, treating a steady, upward propagating wave in a uniform flow. It is shown that trajectories of air parcels are of elliptical form when projected onto the meridional plane and that they have no mean meridional or vertical motion, even though the usual zonal Eulerian-mean vertical motion exists. The origin of the difference between the mean air parcel motion and the Eulerian-mean motion is discussed.On the basis of the knowledge of air parcel motion, two approaches to two-dimensional modeling are considered. The generalized Lagrangian mean motion (quasi-zonal weighted mean taken over a meandering material tube), recently introduced by Andrews and McIntyre, is identical with the mean motion of an air parcel in a steady state. Such a mean meridional circulation may be used for advecting a tracer in the meridional plane in a two-dimensional model. The transport effect is represented solely by the advection and an eddy transport does not appear in this scheme, to a first approximation.The finding that trajectories of air parcels are elliptical necessitates a reexamination of the Reed-German eddy diffusivity currently used in two-dimensional chemical-dynamical models. By applying a mixing length type hypothesis, we derive an eddy diffusivity formula for use in Eulerian-mean calculations, which, in the case of a conservative tracer is dominated by an anti-symmetric tensor. The eddy transport due to this anti-symmetric tensor diffusivity is of advective type (not diffusive) and has the effect of taking the Stoke drift effect into account, when used in the usual Eulerian-mean formulation.  相似文献   

Competitive Adjustment and Advancement in Global Commodity Chains: I. Firm Strategies and Trajectories in the East Asian Apparel Industry     

Leo van Grunsven  Floor Smakman 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2001,22(2):173-188

Globalisation discourses increasingly depart from a network‐centred view of the world, and focus on the possibilities of leveraging economic globalisation – through incorporation in international production networks and global commodity chains (GCCs)– as a strategy for less developed countries (LDCs) to industrialise and advance their position in the world economy. This article goes beyond the question of incorporation and addresses the issue of sustaining positions, upgrading to more rewarding roles, and advancing to less dependent positions within production networks and GCCs. Drawing on experiences in the East Asian apparel industry, we present a framework for analysing such processes at both the firm and industry levels. We demonstrate that the East Asian experience provides a rather positive picture, despite a decline in the region's share of world trade. The present paper is a preliminary contribution; further research, using the framework presented, would enhance insights into competitive adjustment and advancement in GCCs, specifically, the forces underlying success or failure.  相似文献   

Changes in strain trajectories in three different types of plate tectonic boundary deduced from earthquake focal mechanisms     

J. L. Giner-Robles  J. M. Gonzlez-Casado  P. Gumiel  C. García-Cuevas 《Tectonophysics》2003,372(3-4):179-191

Principal strain orientations (minimum horizontal compression—ex and maximum horizontal compression—ey) were established at three different types of plate tectonic boundary: two transform faults, an oceanic ridge located on the Southeast Indian Ridge and a trench located close to the South Sandwich Archipelago. To establish the strain patterns in each zone, 104 earthquake focal mechanisms (centroid-moment tensor solutions for earthquakes with mb≥4; Harvard seismology data, CMT) were examined by fault population analysis. Despite the existence of only one tectonic process that controlled deformation in these zones (divergence, convergence or passive displacement), and only one main strain tensor, several coeval strain ellipsoids were found. These differed from the main strain tensor in the location of the principal strains. In general, permutations were observed between the principal strains, i.e., interchanges between the location of the principal strain axes maintaining the strain ellipsoids in the same 3D orientation. Only in some cases were changes in the ellipsoid orientation associated with major structures.  相似文献   

Forward Lagrangian stochastic simulation of a transient source in the atmospheric surface layer     

E. H. Shadwick  J. D. Wilson  T. K. Flesch 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2007,122(2):263-272

We show that a forward Lagrangian stochastic (LS) model simulates well the ensemble-averaged concentration transient due to a short time (5 min) point source in the uniform atmospheric surface layer. In LS models, computational particles, which may not descend below ground level, are necessarily reflected at an imposed (artificial) boundary above ground. Model results were rather insensitive to the placing of the lower reflection boundary, and no definite benefit stemmed from including a parametrization for unresolved delays/displacements beneath the lower boundary.  相似文献   

利用行人轨迹挖掘城市区域功能属性   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

宋雪涛  蒲英霞  刘大伟  冯媛媛 《测绘学报》2015,(Z1):82-88

城市土地利用功能区是城市规划中的一个重要概念,遥感技术手段在城市土地利用类型识别和动态监测中取得了很大进展。然而,由于城市实际功能的复杂,往往很难从遥感影像中获得城市各个区域的社会、经济或文化等功能属性。互联网技术的发展和移动定位设备的普及,极大地便利了行人移动轨迹数据的获取。本文从行人移动规律和模式与城市功能分区之间高度相关的角度出发,通过机器学习的方法,从大量行人轨迹数据中挖掘隐含的城市功能属性与强度。该方法首先利用矢量栅格化和数学形态学方法,将城市不同等级的路网分割为互不相同的空间单元;其次,根据行人轨迹数据的时空分布特点,定义9个变量并构建高斯混合模型(Gaussian mixture model,GMM),对上述空间单元进行非监督分类,得到7种城市用地类型;随后,结合选定的60个样本区以及人为标识的6种功能区(教育用地、绿地休闲区、一般商业区、政府设施、中心商业区、住宅区),依据样本功能区GPS轨迹时间分布特征,最终对7种城市用地类型进行功能配对;最后,利用核密度估计方法进行功能区强度的可视化。该框架结合机器学习的优势,结果具有较高的准确度。  相似文献