Extraction of organochlorine pesticides in sediments using soxhlet,ultrasonic and accelerated solvent extraction techniques   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

LANG Yinhai  CAO Zhengmei  and NIE Xinhua College of Environmental Science  Engineering  Ocean University of China  Oingdao  P.R.China Bureau of Environmental Protection of Qingdao  Qingdao  P. R. China 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2005,4(2):173-176

The application of soxhlet, ultrasonic and accelerated solvent extraction techniques to the analysis of six organochlorine pesticides (α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, o, p'-DDT, p,p'-DDT and p, p'-DDE) in Taihu Lake sediment samples is described. It was found that the limits of quantification ranged from 0.002μgg-1 to 0.004μgg-1, and the recoveries of organochlorine pesticides with the three extraction techniques were acceptable (>80.7%). With a mass selective detector, better results were obtained by accelerated solvent extraction using hexane-acetone (1:1) as compared with soxhlet and ultrasonic extraction. It was shown that the accelerated solvent extraction was the optimum technique for the analysis of organochlorine pesticides in sediments. The general features of the three extraction techniques are also presented.  相似文献   

Measurement of solid suspension concentration and flow velocity with temperature compensation using a portable ultrasonic device     

Y. J. Huang  C. C. Sung  J. S. Lai  F. Z. Lee  G. W. Hwang  Y. C. Tan 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(3):615-626

Abstract

Ultrasonic spectroscopy is highly suitable for real-time measurement, in particular for dense particle systems. In the present study, a novel measurement device, namely a portable ultrasonic device (PUD), is designed and manufactured for measuring solid suspension concentration and flow velocity simultaneously with respect to the propagation of ultrasound waves in a solid–liquid mixture at different temperatures. A series of experiments were conducted in the laboratory to obtain the ultrasonic attenuation of kaolin and reservoir sediment solutions within a wide range of concentrations (1000–300 000 mg/L) at various temperatures (15–27°C). The resulting data were regressed to establish linear functions of attenuation and temperature for concentration. The experimental data were compared with theoretical simulated results to show the effect of particle size distribution on concentration measurement. The flow meter part of the PUD was verified by a standard-speed carriage in the towing tank. According to experimental tests by PUD, it was demonstrated that the accuracy for concentration in full scale is ±5%, and the accuracy for flow velocity is ±2%. Compared with sampled data, good agreements were also found by employing the PUD for sediment concentration and flow velocity measurements in turbidity currents during typhoon floods in a reservoir, which demonstrates that the PUD is operable and reliable on site.

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor K. Heal

Citation Huang, Y.J., Sung, C.C., Lai, J.S., Lee, F.Z., Hwang, G.W., and Tan, Y.C., 2013. Measurement of solid suspension concentration and flow velocity with temperature compensation using a portable ultrasonic device. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (3), 615–626.  相似文献   

Short-term (≤2 yrs) estuarine mudflat and saltmarsh sedimentation: High-resolution data from ultrasonic altimetery, rod surface-elevation table, and filter traps     

Claire Marion  Edward J. Anthony  Alain Trentesaux   《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,83(4):475-484

Rates of short-term (up to 2 years) bed elevation change and sedimentation from mudflats to salt marshes were measured in a rapidly infilling macrotidal estuary using an original combination of three high-resolution techniques: an ultrasonic altimeter, the Rod Surface-Elevation Table (RSET) method, and filter traps. The Authie estuary is located on a straight, sand-rich coast and is undergoing rapid infill under the influence of flood-dominant tides reinforced by wave action. The estuarine sediment suite consists of both mud and sand derived from the sea, of sand derived from storm wave erosion of dunes lining the north bank of the estuary, and, to a much smaller extent, of mud from the river catchment. Bed elevation change and sedimentation rates show an expected increase with the duration of tidal flooding (hydroperiod) in both space and time. The estuarine bed sediment suite changes from sandy at the mouth to muddy within the low-energy inner estuary, where mudflats are rapidly accreting, paving the way for the formation of increasingly denser and mature salt marshes from the high-sedimentation pioneer zone to the upper marsh where annual sedimentation is very low. Recorded variability in rates of bed elevation change and sedimentation reflect the influence of estuarine macro-scale and local sediment transport and depositional processes in a macrotidal context dominated by high inputs of allochthonous sediments.  相似文献   

新型超声波钻探设备的建模分析     

韩博  姜淼  衣雪峰  李渊杰 《探矿工程》2012,39(5):34-38

目前,对宇宙中生命迹象的探索是世界各国所关注的最重要的目标之一。美国宇航局研制了由超声波或者声波驱动器驱动的一系列超声波／声波钻头／取心器（USDC）设备,用来进行空间探测并提取岩石、冰与土壤样品,以及进行原位分析。此设备在声波频率下,超声波压电驱动器驱动中间的自由质量块,进而冲击钻头来进行采样。基于此设备的运行过程,分析了超声波激发器的原理过程,主要是自由质量块与激发器的反应过程,变幅杆顶部与自由质量块的碰撞过程,自由质量块与钻杆的碰撞过程。初步建立了USDC内部各部分相互作用的模型。  相似文献   

天然气水合物超声和时域反射联合探测技术   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

业渝光  张剑  胡高伟  刁少波  刘昌岭 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2008,28(5)

首次将超声探测技术和时域反射技术集成于一个系统中,可实时探测沉积物中水合物饱和度和声学参数。进行了58个轮次的水合物生成与分解实验,超声、时域反射和温压异常3种方法所探测到的生成点、分解点吻合,这说明利用超声技术和时域反射技术联合探测沉积物中水合物的饱和度与声速是十分有效的,将有助于更好地了解含水合物沉积层的物理性质,为海洋天然气水合物的地球物理勘探和资源评价提供基础性参数。  相似文献   

超声空化影响生物效应与声学参量优化的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王保强  尹蓉莉  马尚昌 《成都信息工程学院学报》2003,18(2):179-183

剖析了超声空化的形成及其引发的“聚变现象”对生物制剂的作用机理；重点研究超声空化(稳态空化和瞬态空化)与声学参量的相互关系及其控制方法。  相似文献   

离子液体[Emim]PF₆-邻二氮菲超声萃取铁尾矿中的铁     

马毅红  李钟平  尹艺青 《岩矿测试》2013,32(3):456-461

铁尾矿不仅造成资源的浪费,同时也给环境带来严重的污染.针对铁尾矿具有组分复杂且铁含量较低的特点,本文采用离子液体[Emim] PF6-邻二氮菲超声萃取分离体系,对铁尾矿样品中的铁进行萃取.为提高铁尾矿中铁的萃取率,考察了离子液体用量、温度、pH值等萃取条件对萃取率的影响.结果表明,在萃取体系中加入0.8 mL邻二氮菲、1.0 mL离子液,控制温度80℃、pH值为7.3、萃取时间为30 min时,铁矿泥中微量铁的萃取率可达92.74％,而且共存离子K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Zn2+不影响水相中铁的测定.对使用后的离子液体进行反萃取研究发现,当反萃取时的pH＞11时,回收的离子液体稳定性降低;而低温加热对使用后的离子液体反萃取影响较小,使用后的离子液体经NaOH处理回收,其红外谱图与使用前基本一致,表明回收的离子液体可重复使用.与传统的液液萃取方法相比,本萃取方法具有离子液体用量少、萃取率高、易回收等特点,可用于铁尾矿中金属铁的回收利用.  相似文献   

马尾藻多不饱和脂肪酸提取、分离及成分分析     

王一兵  柯珂  张荣灿 《海洋科学》2014,38(7):57-62

采用超声波细胞破碎和索氏回流相结合的方法对马尾藻(Sargassum sp.)总脂质进行了提取,对提取过程中的超声波细胞破碎功率和时间、料液比、溶剂等关键因素进行了优化;对总脂质中的多不饱和脂肪酸进行了分离,并分析了马尾藻脂肪酸组成成分和含量。结果显示,总脂质的最佳提取条件为超声破碎功率80 W、破碎时间20 min、料液比(m/m)1:8、石油醚(60~90℃)为溶剂、85℃水浴回流8 h;总脂质最高提取率为1.77%,其中总脂肪酸平均含量为30.84%;总脂肪酸中共含有11种成分,多不饱和脂肪酸含量约占13.21%~14.60%;薄层色谱分离出2种多不饱和脂肪酸C18:2ω6和C20:4ω6。  相似文献   

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定海洋沉积物中27种有机磷酸酯     

石仞  张蓬  曹胜凯  邢戎光  纪浩  葛林科  张翠荣 《海洋与湖沼》2022,53(6):1370-1384

应用广泛且具有毒性的有机磷酸酯(organophosphate esters,OPEs)类阻燃剂,通过水、气输送等多种途径进入海洋环境,可能会导致人类和海洋生物面临潜在的健康风险。因此,建立高效可靠的分析方法对于揭示OPEs在海洋环境中的赋存状况,评估其生态风险具有重要的科学意义。文章建立了同时测定沉积物中27种OPEs的超声提取、固相萃取(SPE)净化以及高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)检测的分析方法。结果表明:30mL乙酸乙酯(EA)和乙腈(ACN)混合溶剂(体积比为3︰7)的提取效果明显优于单独使用甲醇(MeOH)、二氯甲烷(DCM)、EA和ACN;用5mL EA经LC-C18固相萃取小柱洗脱两次回收率最好;以MeOH和含0.0025%甲酸的水溶液作为流动相时,质谱离子丰度最高。27种OPEs的线性范围为5~500 ng/g (R²>0.99),方法检出限(MDL)范围为0.004~1.250 ng/g,定量限(LOQ)为0.01~4.17 ng/g。三个加标水平(低、中、高)基质加标样品的平均回收率在45%~130%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)最高11.0%,表明此方法可靠,精密度和灵敏度较高。采用优化的方法分析我国长江口、杭州湾入海口以及东海和黄海交界处海域表层沉积物中OPEs的含量,共检出了21种OPEs,浓度范围为9.83~48.70 ng/g,平均浓度为28.40 ng/g。该方法检测结果高效准确,可用于海洋沉积物中27种OPEs的同时测定。  相似文献   

An experimental study on the relationship between acoustic parameters and mechanical properties of frozen silty clay   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Xing Huang  DongQing Li  Feng Ming  JianHong Fang 《寒旱区科学》2013,5(5):0596-0602

To study the influence of temperature and water content on ultrasonic wave velocity and to establish the relationship between ultrasonic wave velocity and frozen silty clay strength, ultrasonic tests were conducted to frozen silty clay by using RSM-SY5(T) nonmetal supersonic test meter, and the tensile strength and compressive strength of silty clay were measured under various negative temperatures. Test and analysis results indicate that, ultrasonic wave velocity rapidly changes in the temperature range of 1 °C to 5 °C. Ultrasonic wave velocity increased with an increase of water content until the water content reached the critical water content, while decreased with an increase of water content after the water content exceeded the critical water content. This study showed that there was strong positive correlation between the ultrasonic wave velocity and the frozen soil strength. As ultrasonic wave velocity increased, either tensile strength or compressive strength increased. Based on the experimental data, the relationship between ultrasonic wave velocity and frozen silty clay strength was obtained through regression analysis. It was found that the ultrasonic test technique can be used to test frozen soils and lay the foundation for the determination of frozen soil strength.  相似文献